Swedish · The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
Spådomen
The Prophecy
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- 1
The boy lay sleeping one night on an islet in Lake Tåkern, but then he was woken by the sound of oars.
Pojkenthe boypojken · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsovsleptsov · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of nattnattnightnatt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lågpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking holmeenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of holmeholmeisletholme · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågiini · prepositionpreposition marking TåkernTåkernTåkernTåkern · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of lågmenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåthenså · adverbmodifies väcktesväckteswas wokenväcktes · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with låghanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of väcktesavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking årslagårslagsound of oarsårslag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of väcktes Scarcely had he gotten his eyes open before so strong a gleam of light fell into them that he began to blink.
KnapptscarcelyKnappt · auxiliary verb, active, supinemodifies fåttFunctions as the adverb 'scarcely/hardly' (knappt) opening 'knappt hade...förrän' constructions, not as a verb.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåtthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåttfåttgottenfå · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceuppupupp · adverbdepends on fåttögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of fåttförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies föllused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of föllföllfellföll · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fåttettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of ljusskensåsoså · adverbmodifies starktstarktstrongstark · adverbmodifies ljusskenAdverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'.
ljusskengleam of lightljussk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of föllininin · adverbmodifies fölliintoi · prepositionpreposition marking demdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraloblique complement of inattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of börjadebörjadebeganbörja · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on föllblinkablinkblinka · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of började- 2
At first he could not make out what it was that shone so brightly out there on the lake, but soon he saw that at the edge of the reeds lay a skiff, which had a great, burning tar-torch set up on an iron rod at the stern.
Förstfirstförst · adverbmodifies begripakundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of begripahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of begripaintenotinte · particlemodifies begripabegripaunderstandbegripa · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sågdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vadsomthatsom · pronounsubject of lysteThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
lysteshonelyste · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on vadsåsoså · adverbmodifies klartklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lystehäruteout therehärute · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies lystepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lystemenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsnartsoonsnart · adverbmodifies sågsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activeclausal complement of begripapast tense of se, 'to see.'
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lågiati · prepositionpreposition marking vasskantenvasskantenthe reed edgevasskant · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ekaekarowboateka · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of lågsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on ekaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of tjärblossstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies tjärblossbrinnandeburningbrinnande · adjective, nominativecoordinated with storttjärblosstar torchtjärbloss · proper noun, genitivedirect object of hadeuppsattset upuppsatt · noundirect object of hadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking järntenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of järntenjärntenthe iron rodjärnt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with ekaiati · prepositionpreposition marking akternakternthe sternakter · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies järnten The torch's red flame was mirrored clearly in the night-black lake, and the fine glow must have lured the fish, for around the flame, down in the depths, could be seen a great many dark streaks that kept moving and shifting place.
Blossetsthe torch'sBloss · noun, genitive, neuter, singularpossessor of lågarödaredröd · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies lågalågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralsubject of passive spegladesspegladeswas mirroredspegla · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentenceklartclearklar · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies spegladesiini · prepositionpreposition marking sjöndenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sjönnattsvartanight-blacknattsvart · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of spegladesochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of grannagrannafinegrann · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies skenetskenetthe glowsken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of lockatmåttemustmåtte · particlecoordinated with skenetModal particle expressing a confident inference (must have) or, rarely, a wish (may).
hahaveha · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of lockatlockatluredlocka · verb, active, supinecoordinated with spegladesfiskarnafishfiskare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lockatThe definite plural 'fiskarna' is orthographically identical for 'fiskare' (fishermen) and 'fisk' (fish). In example ch20-p2-s2 ('...måtte ha lockat fiskarna...') it is the fish being lured by torchlight, not fishermen — that example belongs to a different lemma and should not be glossed 'fishermen'.
förforför · prepositionpreposition marking flammankringaroundkring · prepositionpreposition marking flammanflammanflameflamma · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of syntesiini · prepositionpreposition marking djupetdjupetdepthdjup · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of flammansyntescould be seensyntes · verb, past, indicativeoblique complement of spegladesenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mängdmängda great manymängd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies streckmörkadarkmörk · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies streckstreckstreaksstreck · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of passive spegladessomthatsom · pronounsubject of rördeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ständigtconstantlyständig · adverbmodifies rörderördemovedröra · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on strecksigthemselvessig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of rördeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbytteshiftedbyta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with rördeplatsplaceplats · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bytte- 3
Two old men were in the skiff.
Tvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies mängamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies mänmänmenman · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of funnosfunnoswerefunnos · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseiini · prepositionmodifies funnosekanrowboateka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase i The one sat at the oars, the other stood on the stern thwart and held in his hand a short spear, which was fitted with coarse barbs.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of eneenethe oneena · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of sattUsed with den andre, "the one... the other...".
sattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking årornaårornathe oarsårorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of sattdenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking aktertoftenaktertoftenthe stern thwartaktertoft · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of stodochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhöllheldhålla · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodiini · prepositiondepends on höllhandenhandhand · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase iettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of spjutkortshortkort · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies spjutspjutspearspjut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of höllsomwhichsom · pronounsubject of försettThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
varwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies försettförsettfittedförse · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularrelative clause on spjutmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking hullingargrovacoarsegrov · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hullingarhullingarbarbshulling · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of försettThe one who rowed seemed to be a poor fisherman.
Deniten · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of fiskaresomwhosom · pronounsubject of roddeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
rodderowedrodde · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on Dentycktesseemed totycktes · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on Denvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to fiskareenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of fiskarefattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies fiskarefiskarefishermanfiskare · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phraseThe definite plural 'fiskarna' is orthographically identical for 'fiskare' (fishermen) and 'fisk' (fish). In example ch20-p2-s2 ('...måtte ha lockat fiskarna...') it is the fish being lured by torchlight, not fishermen — that example belongs to a different lemma and should not be glossed 'fishermen'.
He was small, dry, and weather-beaten, and wore a thin, worn coat.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of litenvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to litenlitensmallliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasetorrdrytorr · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationväderbitenweather-beatenväderbit · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with litenochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with litenenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tunntunnthintunn · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies rockochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationslitenwornsliten · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with tunnrockcoatrock · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of hadeOne could see that he was so used to being out in all weathers that he gave no thought to the cold.
Manoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vanhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vanvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to vansåsoså · adverbmodifies vanvanused tovan · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of seatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of varainfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on vanuteoutsideute · adverbmodifies varaiini · prepositionpreposition marking väderallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of väderväderweathersväder · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of varaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frågadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadeintenotinte · particlemodifies frågadefrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on varaefteraboutefter · prepositionpreposition marking köldenköldencoldköld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of frågadeThe other was well-fed and well-dressed, and looked like a stately, self-assured farmer.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of välföddvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to välföddvälföddwell-fedvälfödd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvälkläddwell-dressedvälklädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with välföddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with välföddpast tense of se, 'to see.'
utlookut · adverbdepends on sågsomlikesom · prepositionintroduces the clause of bondeFunctions as relative pronoun/conjunction, not a true preposition.
enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bondemyndigstatelymyndig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bondeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsjälvsäkerself-assuredsjälvsäker · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with myndigbondefarmerbonde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of såg- 4
»Hold still now!» said the farmer, when they were level with the islet where the boy lay.
Hållhold stillhåll · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencestillastillstilla · adverbdepends on Hållnunownu · adverbmodifies stillasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionmodifies sadedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of holmenvorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluralclause modifying dearchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
mittförlevel withmittför · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies holmenholmenthe isletholmen · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase närdärtheredär · adverbmodifies lågpojkenboypojke · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on holmen At once he thrust the spear down into the water.
Medwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking detsammadetsammaoncedetsamma · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of stöttestöttethruststötte · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stöttespjutetspearspjut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of stöttenerdownner · adverbmodifies stötteiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking vattnetvattnetwatervatten · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of nerWhen he lifted it, a long, splendid eel came up with it out of the depths.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lyftehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftelyfteliftedlyfte · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on följdedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of lyfteföljdefollowedfölja · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of långlånglonglång · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of följdepräktigsplendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with följdeåleelål · adverbmodifies präktigmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking djupetuppupupp · adverbpart of the phrase medurout ofur · prepositionpart of the phrase meddjupetdepthdjup · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of präktig- 5
»There!» he said, as he worked the eel loose from the leister.
Selookse · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentencedärtheredär · adverbmodifies Sesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademedanwhilemedan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of lossadehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lossadelossadeworked looselossa · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sadeålenthe eelål · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of lossadefrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking ljustretljustretthe leisterljustr · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies ålenA leister is a pronged spear used for catching fish.
»That one's not ashamed of itself.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of envarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to enenoneen · numeral, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of skämsThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
intenotinte · particlemodifies skämsskämsis ashamedskäms · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with enförofför · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of skämsNow I think we've caught enough that we can turn back home.»
Nunownu · adverbmodifies tänkertänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tänkerviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of fåttharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåttfåttcaughtfå · verb, active, supineclausal complement of tänkersåenoughså · adverbmodifies mycketmycketmuchmycken · adverbmodifies fåttattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vändaviwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of vändakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vändavändato turnvända · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåttombackom · prepositiondepends on vändahemhomehem · adverbmodifies vända- 6
But his companion did not lift the oars, but sat looking around him.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkamratencompanionkamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lyftelyfteliftedlyfte · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies lyfteårornathe oarsårorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of lyfteutanbut ratherutan · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfollows a negated clause, contrasting it with what actually happened.
sattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with lyfteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sattpast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies såg »It's beautiful out here on the lake tonight,» he said.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vackertärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehäruteout herehärute · adverbmodifies vackertpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking sjönsjönlakesjö · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of häruteitonighti · prepositionmodifies härutekvälleveningkväll · noun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase isadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vackerthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeAnd so it was, too.
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with varvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of varocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies varIt was perfectly calm, so that the whole surface of the water lay in undisturbed rest, except for the streak where the boat had passed.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of lugntvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to lugntalldelesquitealldeles · adverbmodifies lugntlugntcalmlugnt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of lågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies vattenytanvattenytanwater's surfacevattenyta · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on lugntiini · prepositionpreposition marking vilaostördundisturbedostörd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies vilavilarestvila · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking strimmanundantagexceptionundantag · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase medavofav · prepositionpart of the phrase medstrimmanthe streakstrimman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågdärtheredär · adverbmodifies gåttbåtenboatbåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gåtthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttpassedgå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on strimmanframforwardfram · adverbdepends on gåttIt lay gleaming like a road of gold in the firelight.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singularsubject of låglåglayligga · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phrasemistagged as adjective; the surface 'låg' here is the past tense of ligga 'to lie', not the unrelated adjective låg 'low'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationblänktegleamedblänkte · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with lågPast tense of 'blänka' (to gleam), mislabeled as a noun.
somlikesom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vägenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of vägvägwayväg · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of lågavofav · prepositionpreposition marking guldguldgoldguld · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies vägibyi · prepositionpreposition marking eldskeneteldskenetthe firelighteldsken · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies guldThe sky was clear and deeply blue and thickly pierced through with stars.
Himlenthe skyhiml · proper noun, nominativesubject of klarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to klarklarclearklar · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstarktdeeplystark · adverbmodifies blåAdverbial form 'starkt' modifying nouns like a predicate adjective in these examples, sense shifts between 'loud' and 'strong/solid'.
blåblueblå · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtättclosetätt · adverbcoordinated with blågenomstungenpierced throughgenomstung · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of klaravwithav · prepositionpreposition marking stjärnorstjärnorstarsstjärna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies genomstungenThe shores were hidden by the reed-islets, except toward the west.
Strändernathe shoresStränderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralhead of the phrasevorowerevoro · adjective, nominative, pluraldepends on Strändernaarchaic plural past tense of vara ('to be'), used alongside var; a historical form, not a true adjective.
bortskymdahiddenbortskymda · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with Strändernaavbyav · prepositionpreposition marking vassholmarnavassholmarnareed isletsvassholmarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies bortskymdautomexceptutom · prepositionpreposition marking västermottowardmot · prepositionpreposition marking västervästerwestväster · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of SträndernaThere Omberg rose up high and dark, far more mighty than it usually was, and cut away a great, triangular piece of the vault of heaven.
Därtheredär · adverbmodifies skötskötrose upsköta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencethis type mixes two different verbs that share the past-tense surface sköt; skötte is unambiguously 'tended'.
OmbergOmbergOmberg · proper noun, nominativesubject of skötuppupupp · adverbmodifies sköthögthighhög · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies skötochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationmörktdarkmörk · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with högtmycketfarmycket · adverbmodifies väldigareväldigaremightierväldig · adverbcoordinated with högtänthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of brukadedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of brukadebrukadeused tobruka · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on skötvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivedirect object of skötochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationskarcutska · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with skötThe backbone lemma/morphology are mistagged; surface 'skar' is actually the past tense of skära (to cut), not a form of ska (shall).
bortawaybort · adverbdepends on skarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardirect object of skarstortbigstor · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase etttrekantigttriangulartrekantig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies styckestyckepiecestycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skaravoffav · prepositionpreposition marking himlavalvethimlavalvetthe vault of heavenhimlavalv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies stycke- 7
The other turned his head, so that the firelight was out of his eyes, and looked around him.
Denaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of andreandreotherandre · adjective, nominative, masculine, singularsubject of vändevändeturnedväna · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencePast tense of vända (to turn); lemma should read vända.
huvudetheadhuvud · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of vändesåsoså · adverbintroduces the clause of fickattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase såhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fickfickgotfå · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vändeeldskenetthe firelighteldsken · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fickurout ofur · prepositionpreposition marking ögonenögonenthe eyesögonen · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of fickochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fickpast tense of se, 'to see.'
sighimsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sågomkringaroundomkring · adverbmodifies såg »Yes, it is beautiful here in East Gothland,» he said, »but the best thing about the landscape is not even its beauty.»
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on vackertdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of vackertärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vackertvackertbeautifulvacker · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehärherehär · adverbmodifies vackertiini · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstergyllnÖstergyllnEast GothlandÖstergylln · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of vackertsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to vackerthanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bästabästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativecoordinated with sademedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking landskapetlandskapetlandscapelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies bästaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to skönhetenändåafter alländå · adverbmodifies skönhetenintenotinte · particlemodifies skönhetenskönhetenbeautyskönhet · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on vackert— »What is it, then, that's best?» asked the oarsman.
Vadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to Vaddetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with Vaddåthendå · adverbmodifies Vadsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of bästaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to bästadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of bästabästabestbra · adjective, nominative, superlativeparallel clause to Vadfrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Vadroddarenrowerroddare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågade— »Why, that it has always been a respected and honored province.»
Jowell/yesjo · interjectionhead of the phraseused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of landskapdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of landskapalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies landskapharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of landskapvaritbeenvara · auxiliary verb, active, supinecopula linking to landskapettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landskapansettrespectedanset · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landskapochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhedrathonoredhedrad · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with ansettlandskapprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of Jo— »That may well be true, I suppose.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of santkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of santnogwellnog · adverbmodifies santvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to santsanttruesand · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraselemma mislabeled 'sand'; the actual word is the neuter form of 'sann' (true).
förståsof courseförstås · adverbmodifies sant— »And this too, that one knows it will always remain so.»
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsåtooså · adverbmodifies dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phraseattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vetmanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on dettaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förblidetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förblialltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies förbliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förbliförbliremainförbli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetsåsoså · adverbmodifies förbli— »How in all the world can one know that?» asked the one who sat at the oars.
Hurhowhur · adverbmodifies vetaiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpart of the phrase ivärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies Hurkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of vetafrågadeaskedfråga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågadesomwhosom · pronounsubject of sattThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
sattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on frågadevidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking årornaårornathe oarsårorna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of satt- 8
The farmer straightened up where he stood, leaning on the spear.
Bondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of rätadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
rätadestraightened upräta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepåuppå · prepositionpreposition marking sigsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativeoblique complement of rätadedärtheredär · adverbmodifies stodhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of stodstodstoodstå · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on sigochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationstöddeleaned onstö · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with stodsighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of stöddemotonmot · prepositionpreposition marking spjutetspjutetspearspjut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of stödde »There is an old story that has passed from father to son in my family, and in it one learns how it is to go with Östergötland.»
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of historiagammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies historiahistoriastoryhistoria · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of finnssomthatsom · pronounsubject of gåttThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gåttgåttpassedgå · verb, active, supinerelative clause on historiafrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking farfarfatherfar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåtttillto sontill · prepositionpreposition marking sonsonsonson · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttiini · prepositionpreposition marking släktminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of släktpossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
släktfamilysläkt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåttochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationiini · prepositionpreposition marking dendenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of vetafårcanfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetamanoneman · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with finnshurhowhur · adverbmodifies gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gå— »Then you might as well tell it to me,» said the oarsman.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies berättakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berättaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of berättagärnamight as wellgärna · adverbmodifies berättaType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
berättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of berättaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with berättaroddarenrowerroddare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade— »We don't just tell it to anyone, but I won't keep it hidden from an old comrade.»
Viwevi · pronoun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejustjustjust · adverbmodifies brukarintenotinte · particlemodifies brukarberättato tellberätta · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukardeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of berättaförtoför · prepositionpreposition marking vemvemwhovem · pronoun, common gender, singularoblique complement of berättasomeversom · conjunctionpart of the phrase vemhelstevergärna · adverbpart of the phrase vemType lumps together gärna (gladly) and its suppletive superlative helst (rather/most).
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies hållavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hållahållato keep hiddenhålla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with brukardeniten · pronoun, common gender, singulardirect object of hållahemligsecrethemlig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of hållaförfromför · prepositionpreposition marking kamratenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of kamratgammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies kamratkamratcompanionkamrat · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hålla- 9
»At Ulvåsa here in Östergötland,» he went on, and now it could be heard in his voice that he was telling something he had heard from others and knew by heart, »there lived many years ago a lady, who had the gift of seeing into the future and telling people what would come to happen to them, as surely and precisely as if it had already taken place.
Påatpå · prepositionpreposition marking UlvåsaUlvåsaUlvåsaUlvåsa · proper noun, genitiveoblique complement of fortforhärherehär · adverbmodifies Ulvåsaiini · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötland · proper noun, nominativemodifies Ulvåsafortforwent onfortfor · adverbhead of the phraseMistagged as adverb; this is the past tense of the verb 'fortfara', meaning 'continued/went on'.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fortforochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies hördeshördescould be heardhöra · verb, past, indicative, passivecoordinated with fortfordetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive hördespåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking tonentonenvoiceton · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hördesattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of taladehanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of taladetaladespoketala · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on hördesomofom · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of taladesomthatsom · pronounsubject of avThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on somavfromav · prepositionpreposition marking andraandraothersannan · pronoun, pluralmodifies någotochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationkundecouldkunna · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with taladeutantillby heartutantill · prepositiondepends on kundeboddelivedbodde · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to fortforföragoför · prepositionpreposition marking årmångamanymånga · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of boddesedansincesedan · subordinating conjunctiondepends on årenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of frufruladyfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of boddesomwhosom · pronounsubject of hadeThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
hadehadha · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on frudenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gåvangåvangiftgåva · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hadeattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sekundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivedepends on boddeininin · adverbdepends on seiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking framtidenframtidenfutureframtid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of seochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sefolkpeoplefolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of sägavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on händasomassom · pronounsubject of händaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of händakommato comekomma · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of händaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of händainfinitive marker before a verb.
händato happenhända · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying folkdemthemde · pronoun, accusative, pluraldirect object of händalikaequallylika · adverbmodifies säkertsäkertsurelysäker · adverbin apposition to demochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnoggrantpreciselynoggrann · adverbcoordinated with demsomas ifsom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skettomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skettdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of skettredanalreadyredan · adverbmodifies sketthadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of skettsketthappenedske · verb, active, supinerelative clause on dem For this she became widely renowned, and it is easy to understand that people would come both from near and far to seek her out, to learn what they would have to go through, of ill or good.
Förforför · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of blevblevbecamebli · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blevvidawidelyvida · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies beryktadberyktadrenownedberyktad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blevochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with blevch01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of förståinfinitive marker before a verb.
förståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lättattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommamänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of kommaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förståbådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnäranearnära · adverbmodifies kommaType lumps the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of nära.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfjärranafarfjärran · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with näraifrånfromifrån · prepositiondepends on kommaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsökasearchsöka · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with kommahenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökaförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of vetaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vetainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sökavadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of haskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of haigenomthroughigenom · prepositiondepends on gåavofav · prepositionpreposition marking ontontillont · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gåBoth examples ('göra oss något ont' = 'do us harm', 'inte hade förmått göra mycket ont' = 'not been able to do much harm') attest the sense 'harm', not 'pain', which was the pinned default gloss.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationgottgoodgott · adverbcoordinated with ont- 10
One day, when the Lady of Ulvåsa sat in her hall spinning, as was customary in the old days, a poor farmer came into the room and seated himself on the bench far down by the door.
Enaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of dagdagdaydag · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of komnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sattUlvåsa-frunthe Lady of UlvåsaUlvåsa-frun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sattsattsatsitta · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on dagiini · prepositionpreposition marking salsinhersig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of salsalhallsal · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationspannspunspann · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with salPast tense of the verb 'spinna' (to spin); mistagged as a noun.
såsomassåsom · adverbintroduces the clause of brukligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with brukligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to brukligtbrukligtcustomarybruklig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies förrförrbeforeförr · adverbmodifies sattiini · prepositionpreposition marking världenvärldenworldvärld · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of förrkomcamekomma · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of bondefattigpoorfattig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies bondebondefarmerbonde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of komininin · adverbdepends on komiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking rummetrummetroomrum · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of inochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsattesat downsatte · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with kompast tense of sätta; here reflexive satte sig 'sat down'.
sighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of sattepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bänkenbänkenbenchbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sattelångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies satteneredownnere · adverbmodifies sattevidbyvid · prepositionpreposition marking dörrendörrendoordörr · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of satte - 11
'I wonder what you're sitting there thinking about, dear lady,' said the farmer after a while.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencevadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sitterniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sittersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
sittersitssitta · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of undrarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sitterpåaboutpå · prepositiondepends on tänkerkäradearkär · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies frufruladyfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of tänkersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tänkerbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
omafterom · prepositionpreposition marking stundenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of sade - 12
'I am sitting and thinking on high and holy things,' she answered.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sittersittersitssitta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtänkerthinktänka · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with sitterpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking tinghögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies tingochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationheligaholyhelig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with högatingthingsting · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of tänkersvaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on tinghonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svarade — 'Then it surely won't do for me to ask you about something that lies on my heart,' said the farmer.
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies gårgårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with gårvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies gårintenotinte · particlemodifies gårandoan · adverbdepends on gårUsed only in the fixed idiom 'gå an' meaning 'to be all right/permitted'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of frågarjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frågarfrågarasksfråga · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on gåreryouni · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of frågaromaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking någotnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of frågarsomthatsom · pronounsubject of liggerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on någotmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of liggerpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking hjärtathjärtathearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of liggersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activerelative clause on någotbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
- 13
'There is nothing else lying on your heart than that you should reap much grain in your field.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with annatärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to annatvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies ingentingingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on ärannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasesomthatsom · pronounsubject of liggerThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
liggerliesligga · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on annatdigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of liggeromonom · prepositionpreposition marking hjärtathjärtathearthjärta · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of liggeränthanän · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase änduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåbe able tofå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on liggerskördareapskörda · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of fåmycketmuchmycket · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies kornkorngrainkorn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcomplement of skördapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking åkerdinyourdu · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of åkeråkerfieldåka · verb, present, indicative, activeoblique complement of fåMislemmatized: surface is 'åker', the noun ('a field'), in both attested examples ('slog ner på en åker', 'stänger för en åker') — not a form of the verb åka ('to ride/drive'). Gloss corrected to the noun sense actually attested.
But I tend to get questions from the emperor about how it will go with his crown, and from the pope about how it will go with his keys.'
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencefågetfå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukarspörsmålquestionsspörsmål · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking kejsarenkejsarenthe emperorkejsar · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of fåomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of gåhurhowhur · adverbmodifies gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on fåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking kronahanshishan · pronounpossessor of kronakronacrownkrona · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking påvenpåventhe popepåv · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with kronaomaboutom · prepositionintroduces the clause of gåhurhowhur · adverbmodifies gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying påvenmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking nycklarhanshishan · pronounpossessor of nycklarnycklarkeysnyckel · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of gå— 'Yes, such things are not easy to answer, I suppose,' said the farmer.
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on lättsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with lättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättvälsupposeväl · adverbmodifies lättintenotinte · particlemodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of svarainfinitive marker before a verb.
svarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lättpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking svarasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to lättbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
'I have also heard that no one is said to leave here without being displeased with what he has been told.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörtocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåingenno oneingen · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of gåläris said tolära · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of hörthärifrånfrom herehärifrån · adverbdepends on gåutanwithoututan · prepositionintroduces the clause of missnöjdatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of missnöjdinfinitive marker before a verb.
varabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to missnöjdmissnöjddispleasedmissnöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on gåmedwithmed · prepositionintroduces the clause of höradetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hörahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höraharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörafåttbeen toldfå · auxiliary verb, active, supineauxiliary of höra"hade alltid fått lära sig" is the causative-passive få + infinitive construction ("had always been taught"), a distinct sense from the permissive "gotten to" readings in the other examples.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on missnöjd- 14
When the farmer said this, he saw that the Lady of Ulvåsa bit her lip and moved herself higher up on the bench.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sadebondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sågdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of sadesågsawsåga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceMislemmatized: surface is 'såg', the past tense of se ('to see'/'looked'), in both examples ('såg han sig om' = 'looked around'), not a form of såga ('to saw'). Gloss corrected to 'saw' (as in 'he saw/looked').
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sågattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of betUlvåsa-frunthe Lady of Ulvåsaulvåsa-frun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of betbetbitbet · verb, past, indicative, activedepends on sågsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of betioni · prepositionpreposition marking läppenläppenthe lipläpp · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of betochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationflyttademovedflytta · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with sågsigherselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of flyttadehögrehigherhög · adverbmodifies flyttadethis type bundles the positive, comparative, and superlative degree forms (högt, högre, högst) under one entry.
uppupupp · adverbdepends on flyttadepåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking bänkenbänkenbenchbänk · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of flyttade 'So this is what you have heard about me,' she said.
JasåsoJaså · proper noun, nominativehead of the phrasedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of hörtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to hörtvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of hörtduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörtharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hörthörtheardhöra · verb, active, supineparallel clause to Jasåomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking migmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hörtsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Jasåhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade'Then you may as well venture to ask me what you want to know, and you shall see whether I cannot answer in a way that leaves you content.'
Dåthendå · adverbmodifies frestakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of frestaduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of frestajuafter allju · adverbmodifies frestafrestaventurefresta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on sepåventurepå · prepositionintroduces the clause of frågaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of frågainfinitive marker before a verb.
frågato askfråga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on frestamigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of frågaomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of frågasomwhatsom · pronoundirect object of vetaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on detsåandså · adverbadverbial clause on sefårshallfå · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of seduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentenceomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of svarajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaraintenotinte · particlemodifies svarakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of svarasvarato answersvara · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sesåin a wayså · adverbmodifies svaraattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of blirduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of svaranöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of blir- 15
After this the farmer did not delay in putting forward his errand.
Efterafterefter · prepositionpreposition marking dettadettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of dröjdedröjdewas long in comingdröj · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceIdiomatic: "det dröjde inte länge" = "it was not long before."
intenotinte · particlemodifies dröjdebondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of dröjdelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of framförainfinitive marker before a verb.
framförapass alongframföra · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying bondenused of conveying a greeting or message.
sitthis ownsig · pronoun, neuter, singularpossessor of ärendepossessive reflexive sitt, agreeing with a neuter noun.
ärendeerrandärende · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of framföra He said that he had come to ask how it would go, in a future time, with Östergötland.
Hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadesadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommithanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kommithadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommitkommitcomekomma · verb, active, supineclausal complement of sadeförtoför · prepositionintroduces the clause of frågaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of frågainfinitive marker before a verb.
frågato askfråga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommithurhowhur · adverbmodifies gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåiini · prepositionpreposition marking framtidenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of framtidframtidfutureframtid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of frågamedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gåThere was nothing he held so dear as his home district, and he said he would feel happy to his very last hour if he could get a good answer to his question.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with fannsfannsthere wasfinnas · verb, past, indicativemain verb of the sentenceexistential verb; fanns = 'there was/were, existed.'
ingentingnothingingenting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of fannshanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of höllhöllheldhöll · verb, past, indicative, activeadverbial clause on fannssåsoså · adverbmodifies kärtkärtdearkär · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of höllsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hembygdenhembygdenthe home districthembygd · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of höllochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menademenademeant/thoughtmena · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with fannsattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kännahanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of kännaskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of kännakännato feelkänna · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of menadesighimselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of kännalycklighappylycklig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of kännaändauntilända · adverbmodifies stundtilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking stundsinhissig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of stundsistalastsista · adjective, nominative, superlativemodifies stundstundwhilestund · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of kännaomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of fåhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fåkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfågetfå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kännaettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svargottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies svarsvaranswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of fåpåtopå · prepositionpreposition marking fråganfråganquestionfråga · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of få- 16
'If there's nothing else you wish to know,' said the wise lady, 'then I think you shall be satisfied.
Ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to annatdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with annatintenotinte · particlemodifies annatnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of annatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singulardepends on trorduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on annatsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to annatdenitden · pronoun, common gender, singularsubject of visavisato showvisa · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of sadefrunladyfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of visasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bliduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of bliskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliblibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorbelåtensatisfied/contentbelåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bliPredicate adjective belåten ('satisfied'); tagged as noun.
For here, as I now sit, I can tell you that with Östergötland it is fated to go so that it will always have something to boast of before other provinces.'
Förforför · prepositionintroduces the clause of sitterhärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase Försomassom · pronoundepends on sitterThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sitternunownu · adverbmodifies sittersittersitssitta · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on sägakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gåmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of gåläris fated tolära · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåkommato comekomma · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gåatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of gåinfinitive marker before a verb.
gågogå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sägasåsoså · adverbmodifies gåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with haalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies haskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of gånågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of haatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of berömmainfinitive marker before a verb.
berömmato boast ofberömma · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying någotsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of berömmaavofav · prepositiondepends on berömmaframförin front offramför · prepositionpreposition marking landskapandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies landskaplandskapprovinceslandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of berömma- 17
'Yes, that was a good answer, dear lady,' said the farmer, 'and now I would be fully content, if only I could understand how such a thing could be possible.'
Jayesja · interjectionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of svarvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to svarettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of svargottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies svarsvaranswersvar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of sadekäradearkär · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with svarfruladyfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with svarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies tillfredsvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to tillfredsjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularpart of the phrase vorefulltfullyfull · adverbmodifies tillfredsAdverbial use of full/fullt, e.g. 'fullt så' = 'quite as'.
tillfredscontenttillfreds · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with sadeomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förståjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förståbarajustbara · adverbmodifies förståkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of förståförståunderstandförstå · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on sadehurhowhur · adverbmodifies möjligtsådantsuch a thingsån · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of möjligtskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of möjligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of förståhalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
- 18
'Why should it not be possible?' said the Lady of Ulvåsa.
Varförwhyvarför · adverbmodifies möjligtskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of möjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of möjligtintenotinte · particlemodifies möjligtvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasehalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceUlvåsa-frunthe Lady of UlvåsaUlvåsa-frun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade 'Do you not know that Östergötland is already widely renowned?
Vetdo you knowVet · verb, imperative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of Vetintenotinte · particlemodifies Vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of vittberyktatÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötland · proper noun, nominativesubject of vittberyktatärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to vittberyktatvittberyktatwidely renownedvittberykta · verb, active, supineclausal complement of Vetallaredanalreadyallaredan · adverbmodifies vittberyktatAn older emphatic form of modern redan.
Or do you think there is any province in Sweden that can boast of owning, at one and the same time, two such abbeys as those at Alvastra and Vreta, and so fair a cathedral as the one at Linköping?'
Elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trorattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnsfinnsthere isfinnas · verb, present, indicativeclausal complement of trornågotanynågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landskaplandskapprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of finnsiini · prepositionpreposition marking SverigeSverigeSwedenSverige · proper noun, nominativemodifies landskapsomthatsom · pronounsubject of berömmaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of berömmaberömmato boast ofberömma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of berömmaavofav · prepositionintroduces the clause of ägaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ägainfinitive marker before a verb.
ägato ownäga · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on berömmapåat oncepå · prepositionpreposition marking gångsammathe samesamma · determinerdeterminer of gånggångtimegång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of ägatvåtwotvå · numeral, nominativequantifies klostersådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies klosterklosterabbeysklost · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraldirect object of berömmasomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of deThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralclause modifying klosteriati · prepositionpreposition marking AlvastraAlvastraAlvastraAlvastra · proper noun, nominativemodifies deAbbey ruin in Östergötland.
ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationVretaVretaVreta · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Alvastraochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of domkyrkasådansuchsån · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies domkyrkasån is a colloquial/older form of sådan, glossed to the modern sense.
skönfineskön · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies domkyrkadomkyrkacathedraldomkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Alvastrasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of dendenaen · determiner, common gender, singularclause modifying domkyrkaiati · prepositionpreposition marking LinköpingLinköpingLinköpingLinköping · proper noun, nominativemodifies denCity in Östergötland.
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'That may well be so,' said the farmer, 'but I am an old man, and I know that people's minds are changeable.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularhead of the phrasekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of varanogwellnog · adverbmodifies varasåsoså · adverbpart of the phrase nogvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to Detsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to Detbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of manärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to manenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mangammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with Detattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ombytligamänniskorspeople'smänniska · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of sinnensinnenmindssinn · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of ombytligaärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ombytligaombytligachangeableombytlig · adjective, nominative, pluralclausal complement of vet I fear a time will come when they will give us no honor at all, neither for Alvastra nor for Vreta nor for our cathedral.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of fruktarfruktarfearsfrukta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommadetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of kommakommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of fruktarenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommanärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of geintenotinte · particlemodifies gevillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on kommaossusvi · pronoun, accusative, common gender, pluralindirect object of genågonnonågon · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of äraärahonorära · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of gevarkenneithervarken · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförforför · prepositionpreposition marking AlvastraAlvastraAlvastraAlvastra · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of kommaAbbey ruin in Östergötland.
elleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationVretaVretaVreta · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with Alvastraelleroreller · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförforför · prepositionpreposition marking domkyrkavårourvi · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of domkyrkaMistagged as a pronoun under lemma vi; vår here is the possessive "our", not the pronoun "we".
domkyrkacathedraldomkyrka · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with Alvastra- 20
'You may be right in that,' said the Lady of Ulvåsa, 'but you need not doubt my prophecy on that account.
Häriin thishäri · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of haduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hahato haveha · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencerättrighträtt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of hasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to haUlvåsa-frunthe Lady of UlvåsaUlvåsa-fru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationintenotinte · particlemodifies tvivlabehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of tvivladuyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of tvivlatvivlato doubttvivla · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with hapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking spådomminmyjag · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of spådompossessive form min of the pronoun jag.
spådomprophecyspådom · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tvivlafördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies tvivla I shall now have a new abbey built up on the Vadstena estate, and it may well come to be the most renowned in the North.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of låtaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of låtanunownu · adverbmodifies låtalåtato letlåta · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencebyggato buildbygga · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of låtaoppupopp · verb, past, participle, common gender, singular, nominativedepends on byggaOpp is the particle upp in older spelling, despite the participle label.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of klosternyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies klosterklostermonasterykloster · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of byggapåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking gårdVadstenaVadstena'sVadstena · proper noun, genitivepossessor of gårdgårdestategård · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of byggaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of törtörmay welltör · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blikommacomekomma · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with låtadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of namnkunnigastenamnkunnigastemost renownednamnkunnigaste · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcomplement of bliiini · prepositionpreposition marking NordenNordenthe NorthNorden · proper noun, nominativemodifies namnkunnigasteThither both high and low shall make pilgrimage, and all shall praise this province, because it holds within its bounds so holy a place.'
Dittheredit · adverbmodifies skaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebådebothbåde · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhögatallhög · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies vallfärdaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationlågalowlåg · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with högavallfärdamake pilgrimagevallfärd · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with skaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationallaallall · pronoun, pluralsubject of prisaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of prisaprisapraiseprisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with vallfärdadetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landskapethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detlandskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of prisadärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of ägerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionpart of the phrase därfördetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ägerägerownsäga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on prisaenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of ortsåsoså · adverbmodifies heligheligholyhelig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies ortortplaceort · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of ägerinomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking gränsersinaitssig · pronoun, pluralpossessor of gränsergränserbordersgräns · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of äger- 21
The farmer answered that he was very glad to learn this.
Bondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of svaradelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
svaradeansweredsvara · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gladdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gladvarwasvara · verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varbraverybra · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularclausal complement of svaradeåttoåt · prepositionintroduces the clause of vetaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vetainfinitive marker before a verb.
fåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on glad But he knew, after all, that everything is fleeting, and he wondered greatly what could give the country renown if Vadstena Abbey should one day fall into disrepute.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of visstevissteknewvisste · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejuafter allju · adverbmodifies vissteattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förgängligtalltingeverythingallting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förgängligtvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to förgängligtförgängligtfleetingförgänglig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of vissteochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undradeundradewonderedundra · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förgängligtmycketgreatlymycket · adverbmodifies vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on gesomwhatsom · pronounsubject of geThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skullecouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gekunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of gegeto givege · verb, active, infinitivedepends on undradelandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularindirect object of geanseendereputationanseende · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of geomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking klosterVadstenaVadstena'sVadstena · proper noun, genitivepossessor of klosterklostermonasterieskloster · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of geenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of gånggångone daygång · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies klosterkommewould comekomme · verb, present, indicative, activedirect object of gearchaic subjunctive/conditional form of komma.
iinto disreputei · prepositionmodifies kommevanryktedisreputevanrykte · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase i- 22
'You are not easy to satisfy,' said the Lady of Ulvåsa, 'but far enough ahead can I see, that I can tell you that before Vadstena Abbey has lost its splendor, a castle shall be raised close beside it, which will be the grandest of its age.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättintenotinte · particlemodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of görainfinitive marker before a verb.
görasatisfygöra · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lätttillsatisfytill · prepositiondepends on göralagssatisfactionlags · noun, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase tillUsed only in the expression till lags, meaning pleasing or satisfactory.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to lättUlvåsa-frunthe Lady of UlvåsaUlvåsa-fru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies sekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with sadesåenoughså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies framåtframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sägasägato saysäga · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of sägaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harinnanbeforeinnan · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of harVadstenaVadstena'sVadstena · proper noun, genitivepossessor of klosterklostermonasterieskloster · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on sademistlostmist · noun, nominative, common gender, singularindirect object of harMislabeled as a noun; mist is the supine of mista ("to lose").
sinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of glansglansradianceglans · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of harkommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of resasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive resasattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of resasdärinvidbeside itdärinvid · adverbmodifies resasresasbe raisedresa · verb, present, indicative, passiveparallel clause to lättettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slottslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of passive resassomwhichsom · pronounsubject of blirThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
blirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on slottdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of präktigastepräktigastemost splendidpräktig · adjective, nominative, superlativecomplement of blirpåinpå · prepositionpreposition marking tidsinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of blir Kings and princes shall be guests there, and it shall count to the whole province's honor that it owns such a jewel.'
KungarkingsKunge · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of gästaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationfurstarprincesfurst · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Kungarskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of gästagästabe guestsgäst · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of gästaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with räknasskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of räknasräknascounträkna · verb, passive, infinitivecoordinated with gästahelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landskapetlandskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of räknastillto its honortill · prepositionpreposition marking hederhederhonorheda · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of räknasLemma is a corrupted form; the word is 'heder' (honor).
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of ägerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ägerägerownsäga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on räknasettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of smyckesådantsuchsån · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies smyckesmyckejewelsmycke · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of äger- 23
'This too I am very glad to hear,' said the farmer.
Dettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gladärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gladjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies gladmycketverymycket · adverbmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with gladbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
'But I am an old man, and I know how it tends to go with all the glory of this world.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of manärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to manenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of mangammaloldgammal · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies manmanmanman · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on vetochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies brukardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of brukarbrukartends tobruka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of vetgågogå · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of brukarmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking härlighetallallall · determiner, common gender, singularpreposition marking härlighetdennathisdenna · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of härlighetvärldensworld'svärld · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of härlighethärlighetsplendorhärlighet · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of gåAnd if the castle should happen to fall into decay, I wonder greatly what could draw people's eyes to this province.'
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking slottetslottetcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of råkarråkarhappens toråka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on undrariinto decayi · prepositionpreposition marking förfallförfalldecayförfall · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of råkarundrarwondersundra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of undrarmycketgreatlymycket · adverbmodifies vadvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of blickarsomwhatsom · pronounsubject of draThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
skawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of drakunnacankunna · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of dradradrawdra · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on vadfolkspeople'sfolks · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of drablickarglances/eyesblicka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of undrarEvery example shows 'blickar' as the plural noun (his/her glances/eyes), subject of 'föllo' — not the present-tense verb 'blickar' (glances/gazes). Morphology tag is mislabeled verb; the idiom is 'hans blickar föll på' = 'his eyes/glance fell on'.
tilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking landskapetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landskapethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detlandskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of blickar- 24
'It is no small thing you wish to know,' said the Lady of Ulvåsa, 'but far enough into time can I see, that I can perceive there will be life and stir up in the forests around Finspång.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with litetärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to litetintenotinte · particlemodifies litetlitetsmallliten · adverbhead of the phrasethis type bundles the positive and comparative degree forms (litet, mindre) under one entry.
somthatsom · pronoundirect object of vetaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetavillwant tovilja · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of vetavetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on litetsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to litetUlvåsa-frunthe Lady of UlvåsaUlvåsa-fru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies sekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with litetsåenoughså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies inininin · adverbmodifies seiintoi · prepositionpreposition marking tidentidentimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of inattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märkajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of märkamärkato noticemärka · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of sehurhowhur · adverbmodifies blirdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with blirblirbecomesbli · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of märkalivlifeliv · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of blirochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationrörelsemovementrörelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with livuppeup highuppe · adverbmodifies bliriini · prepositionpreposition marking skogarnaskogarnaforestsskog · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of uppeomkringaroundomkring · adverbpreposition marking FinspångFinspångFinspångFinspång · proper noun, nominativemodifies skogarna I see forges and smithies rising up there, and I believe the whole province shall be honored because iron will now be wrought within its bounds.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies resasdärtheredär · adverbmodifies resasresasrisingresa · verb, present, indicative, passiveclausal complement of serhyttorsmelting houseshyttor · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive resasochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationsmedjorsmithiessmedja · proper noun, nominativecoordinated with hyttorochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with serattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of hedrathelawholehel · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies landskapetlandskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of hedratskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hedratblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to hedrathedrathonoredhedra · verb, active, supineclausal complement of trordärförbecausedärför · adverbintroduces the clause of tillverkatattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of tillverkatjärnironjärn · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of tillverkatnunownu · adverbmodifies tillverkatblirbecomesbli · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activepassive auxiliary of tillverkattillverkatmanufacturedtillverkad · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularadverbial clause on hedratinomwithininom · prepositionpreposition marking områdedessitsden · pronounpossessor of områdech03-p50 example 'sedan dess' means 'since then', not possessive 'its' — pinning the gloss to 'its' teaches a lie for that collocation.
områdeterritoryområde · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tillverkat- 25
The farmer did not deny that he was exceedingly glad to hear this.
Bondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nekadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
nekadedeniedneka · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceintenotinte · particlemodifies nekadetilldenytill · prepositionintroduces the clause of gladattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gladhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of gladvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to gladorimligtexceedinglyorimlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies gladgladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on nekadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of hörainfinitive marker before a verb.
hörato hearhöra · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on gladdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of höra But if things should go so badly that the Finspång ironworks, too, sank in repute, then it would surely not be possible for anything new to arise that Östergötland could boast of.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of gådetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gåskulleshouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of gågågogå · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencesåsoså · adverbmodifies illaillabadlyilla · adverbmodifies gåattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of möjligtocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies sjönkeFinspångsbruketFinspång ironworksFinspångsbruket · noun, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of sjönkesjönkesanksjönke · adjective, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on möjligtiini · prepositionpreposition marking anseendeanseendereputationanseende · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies sjönkedåthendå · adverbmodifies möjligtvorewould bevara · auxiliary verb, past, subjunctive, activecopula linking to möjligtdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with möjligtvälsurelyväl · adverbmodifies möjligtintenotinte · particlemodifies möjligtmöjligtpossiblemöjlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of gåhalf the examples (ch01-p27, ch04-p30) use the fixed idiom 'allt möjligt' = 'all sorts of/everything', not the literal 'possible' sense used in the other two.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of uppstånågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of nyttnyttnewny · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularsubject of uppståkundecouldkunna · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of uppståuppståto ariseuppstå · verb, active, infinitivedepends on möjligtsomthatsom · pronounsubject of berömmaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötland · proper noun, nominativesubject of fåskullewouldskola · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activeauxiliary of fåfåhavefå · verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of berömmaatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of berömmainfinitive marker before a verb.
berömmato boast ofberömma · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with uppståsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of berömmaavofav · prepositionpreposition marking berömma- 26
'You are not easy to content,' said the Lady of Ulvåsa, 'but far enough ahead can I see, that I perceive how, along the lakeshores, farms are being built up, grand as castles, by lords who have waged war in foreign lands.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of lättärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to lättintenotinte · particlemodifies lättlätteasylätt · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phrasech01-p14 'ett lätt buller' renders as 'a faint noise' in the translation, a distinct sense from weight/air-lightness or ease.
atttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of ställainfinitive marker before a verb.
ställato contentställa · verb, active, infinitivedepends on lätttillfredscontenttillfreds · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of ställasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to lättUlvåsa-frunthe Lady of UlvåsaUlvåsa-fru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnogcertainlynog · adverbmodifies sekancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of sejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of seseseese · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with lättsåenoughså · adverbmodifies långtlångtfarlångt · adverbmodifies framåtframåtforwardframåt · adverbmodifies seattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of märkerjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of märkermärkernoticesmärka · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of sehurhowhur · adverbmodifies byggsdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardeterminer of sjösträndernautmedalongutmed · prepositionpreposition marking sjösträndernasjösträndernathe lakeshoressjöstränderna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive byggsbyggsare being builtbygga · verb, present, indicative, passiveclausal complement of märkeroppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on byggsmistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
gårdarfarmsgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of passive byggsstorabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with gårdarsomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of slottslottcastleslott · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with gårdaravbyav · prepositionpreposition marking herrarherrarlordsherr · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies slottsomwhosom · pronounsubject of förtThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
harhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of förtförtcarriedföra · verb, active, supinerelative clause on herrarkrigwarkrig · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of förtiini · prepositionpreposition marking landfrämmandestrangefrämmande · adjective, nominativemodifies landlandlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of fört I believe those manors shall bring the province as much honor as anything else I have spoken of.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of bringadetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluraldeterminer of herrgårdarnaherrgårdarnathe manorsherrgårdarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of bringaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bringabringato bringbringa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorlandskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of bringalikaequallylika · adverbmodifies myckenmyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies äraärahonorära · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of bringasomassom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of talatnågotanythingnågon · determiner, neuter, singularmodifies talatannatotherannan · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularpart of the phrase någotjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of talatharhasha · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of talattalattalkedtala · verb, active, supinerelative clause on äraomaboutom · prepositionpreposition marking talat- 27
'But if a time comes when no one praises the great manors anymore?' the farmer persisted.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommernärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionpreposition marking herrgårdarnaingennoingen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of lovprisarmerany moremycket · adverbmodifies lovprisarlovprisarpraiseslovprisar · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase närdetheen · determiner, pluraldeterminer of herrgårdarnaSurfaces 'de/De' are ambiguous with the plural pronoun 'de' = 'they'. Example ch01-p9-s2 ('De voro ett fattigt husmansfolk' = 'They were poor cottar folk') is genuinely the pronoun 'they', not the definite article 'the' — the single fixed gloss 'the' is wrong for that occurrence. Definite plural article ('de') used before an adjective plus noun, e.g. de stora träskorna, 'the big clogs.'
storabigstor · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies herrgårdarnaherrgårdarnamanor housesherrgård · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraladverbial clause on kommerenvisadesinsistedenvisa · verb, past, indicative, passivemain verb of the sentencebondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of passive envisadeslemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
- 28
'You need not be anxious for that,' said the Lady of Ulvåsa.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of ängsligbehöverneedbehöva · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of ängsligintenotinte · particlemodifies ängsligvarabevara · auxiliary verb, active, infinitivecopula linking to ängsligängsliganxiousängslig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularhead of the phraseiini · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of ängsligsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to ängsligUlvåsa-frunthe Lady of UlvåsaUlvåsa-frun · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade 'I see now how healing springs bubble forth on the Medevi meadows near the shore of Lake Vättern.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencenunownu · adverbmodifies serhurhowhur · adverbmodifies porlardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of porlarporlarbubblesporla · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of serframforwardfram · adverbdepends on porlarhälsokällorhealing springshälsokälla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of porlarpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking ängarMedeviMedevimedevi · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies ängarängarmeadowsäng · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies hälsokällornäranearnära · prepositionpreposition marking VätterstrandenVätterstrandenVättern shoreVätterstranden · proper noun, nominativemodifies ängarI believe the springs at Medevi shall bring the country as much renown as you could wish.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of trortrorthinkstro · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of skaffabrunnarnathe springsbrunnarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of skaffavidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking MedeviMedeviMedevimedevi · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies brunnarnaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of skaffaskaffato getskaffa · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of trorlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of skaffasåasså · adverbmodifies berömmelsemyckenmuchmycken · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies berömmelseberömmelserenownberömmelse · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of skaffasomassom · pronoundirect object of önskaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of önskakancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of önskaönskato wishönska · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on berömmelse- 29
'That was a great thing to learn,' said the farmer.
Detitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of sakvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to sakenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of sakstorbigstor · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies saksakthingsak · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadeatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of fåinfinitive marker before a verb.
fåfind outfå · verb, active, infinitiveclause modifying sakredafind outreda · adverbdepends on fåpart of the fixed expression leta/taga/söka reda på, 'find out'; all four attested examples mean find/know, not organize/sort.
påoutpå · prepositionpreposition marking fåsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencebondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
'But if a time comes when people seek their health at other springs?'
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationomifom · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of kommerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of kommernärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sökermänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of sökersökerseekssöka · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on kommersintheirsig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hälsahälsahealthhälsa · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sökerBoth given examples are the verb hälsa, not the noun: 'hälsa på i varenda gård' = 'to visit every farm', 'låter nu hälsa dig' = 'sends word/greeting to you'. The tagged noun sense ('health') is not attested in these examples; flagging as context-dependent since the surface is shared between noun and verb.
vidatvid · prepositionpreposition marking källorandraotherannan · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies källorkällorspringskälla · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of söker- 30
'You need not trouble yourself over that,' answered the Lady of Ulvåsa.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of göraskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of göraintenotinte · particlemodifies göragöraworrygöra · verb, active, infinitivemain verb of the sentencedigyoudu · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singularindirect object of görabekymmerworrybekymmer · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of görafördenskullfor that reasonfördenskull · adverbmodifies görasvaradeansweredsvara · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies Ulvåsa-frunTagged as adjective but is the past tense of svara (to answer).
Ulvåsa-frunthe Lady of UlvåsaUlvåsa-frun · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of göra 'I see people swarming and toiling from Motala to Mem.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies myllrarmänniskorpeoplemänniska · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of myllrarmyllrarswarmmyllra · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of serochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationarbetarworksarbeta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with myllrarfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking MotalaMotalaMotalaMotala · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of arbetartilltotill · prepositionpreposition marking MemMemMemMem · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of arbetarThey are digging a channel straight across the country, and then Östergötland's praise shall be on everyone's lips once more.'
Detheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralsubject of grävergräverdigsgräva · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceenaen · determiner, common gender, singulardeterminer of farledfarledchannelfarled · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of grävertvärsigenomstraight throughtvärsigenom · adverbpreposition marking landetlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies farledochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdåthendå · adverbmodifies kommerkommercomeskomma · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with gräverÖstergötlandsÖstergötland'sÖstergötlands · proper noun, genitivesubject of kommerlovpraiselov · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of kommeråteragainåter · adverbmodifies kommerpåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking läpparallaseveryone'salla · noun, genitive, common gender, pluralpossessor of läpparläpparlipsläpp · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraloblique complement of kommer- 31
But the farmer still looked troubled.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of såglemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
sågsawsåg · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencepast tense of se, 'to see.'
iini · prepositionpreposition marking fallallaallall · determiner, pluraldeterminer of fallfallcasesfall · noun, nominative, neuter, pluraloblique complement of oroligoroligtroubledorolig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of sågutlookut · adverbdepends on såg - 32
'I see the rapids at Motala Ström beginning to turn wheels,' said the Lady of Ulvåsa, and now a pair of red spots rose on her cheeks, for she was beginning to grow impatient.
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of serserseesse · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of börjarforsarnathe rapidsforsarna · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of börjariati · prepositionpreposition marking strömMotalaMotalaMotala · proper noun, nominativemodifies strömströmstreamström · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies forsarnabörjarbeginsbörja · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of serdraturndra · verb, active, infinitivecomplement of börjarhjulwheelhjul · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of drasadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with börjarUlvåsa-frunthe Lady of UlvåsaUlvåsa-fru · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sadeochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies rannrannroserann · adverbcoordinated with börjardetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of oppoppupopp · verb, present, indicative, activedepends on rannmistagged as a verb; this is the dialectal/colloquial adverb opp, a variant of upp 'up'.
ettaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of parparcouplepar · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies fläckarrödaredröd · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies fläckarfläckarspotsfläck · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of opppåonpå · prepositionpreposition marking kinderhennesherhon · pronounpossessor of kinderpossessive form hennes of the pronoun hon.
kindercheekskinder · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralmodifies fläckarförforför · prepositionpreposition marking honhonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to fläckarbegyntebeganbegynte · adverbmodifies oppAn older past form of börja.
påtopå · prepositionintroduces the clause of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiveadverbial clause on rannotåligimpatientotålig · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcomplement of bli 'I hear hammers pounding in Motala and looms clattering in Norrköping.'
JagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hörhörhearshöra · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehammarehammerhammare · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of hördånapounddåna · adverbmodifies höriini · prepositionpreposition marking MotalaMotalaMotalaMotala · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of hörochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationvävstolarloomsvävstol · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with Motalaslamraclatteringslamra · adverbcomplement of höriini · prepositionpreposition marking NorrköpingNorrköpingNorrköpingNorrköping · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of slamra- 33
'Yes, that is good to know,' said the farmer, 'but everything is subject to change, and I fear this too may become forgotten and lost.'
Jayesja · interjectiondepends on gottdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of gottärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to gottgottgoodgott · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularhead of the phraseatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of vetainfinitive marker before a verb.
vetato knowveta · verb, active, infinitivedepends on gottsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with vetabondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationalltingeverythingallting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of föränderligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to föränderligtföränderligtsubject to changeföränderlig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with vetaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of räddärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to räddräddafraidrädd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with vetaattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of glömtocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies glömtdettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of glömtkancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of glömtblito becomebli · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of glömtglömtforgottenglömma · verb, active, supineadverbial clause on räddochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationförgätetforgottenförgät · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with glömt - 34
When the farmer still would not be satisfied, the lady's patience ran out.
Närwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of nöjdnunownu · adverbmodifies Närbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nöjdlemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
ändåstilländå · adverbmodifies nöjdintenotinte · particlemodifies nöjdvarwasvara · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activecopula linking to nöjdnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularadverbial clause on togtogtookta · verb, past, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of slutslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of togpåofpå · prepositionpreposition marking tålamodfrunsthe lady'sfru · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of tålamodtålamodpatiencetålamod · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of tog 'You say that everything is fleeting,' she said, 'but now I shall name something that will always remain the same.
Duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of förgängligtalltingeverythingallting · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of förgängligtärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to förgängligtförgängligtfleetingförgänglig · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularclausal complement of sägersadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with förgängligthonshehon · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sademenbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnunownu · adverbmodifies nämnaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of nämnajagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of nämnaändåneverthelessändå · adverbmodifies nämnanämnanamenämna · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with förgängligtnågotsomethingnågon · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of nämnasomthatsom · pronounsubject of bliThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
alltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies blikommerwillkomma · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of bliatttoatt · particleintroduces the clause of bliinfinitive marker before a verb.
blibecomebli · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on någotsigitselfsig · pronoun, accusativedirect object of bliliktthe samelikt · adverbcomplement of bliAnd that is, that such proud and stubborn farmers as you — of them there shall be some in this province until the end of the world.'
Ochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of ärärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentenceattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnassådanasuchsån · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bönderhögfärdigaproudhögfärdig · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies bönderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationenvisastubbornenvisa · verb, active, infinitivecoordinated with högfärdigabönderfarmersbönd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralpart of the phrase attsomassom · pronounintroduces the clause of duThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
duyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularin apposition to bönderdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardepends on finnasskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnasdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularexpletive with finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitiveclausal complement of ärhärherehär · adverbmodifies finnasiini · prepositionpreposition marking landskapetlandskapetprovincelandskap · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of finnastilluntiltill · prepositionpreposition marking slutvärldensworld'svärld · noun, genitive, common gender, singularpossessor of slutslutendslut · noun, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies landskapet- 35
Scarcely had the Lady of Ulvåsa said this before the farmer rose up, glad and content, and thanked her for her good tidings.
KnapptscarcelyKnappt · auxiliary verb, active, supinemodifies hadeFunctions as the adverb 'scarcely/hardly' (knappt) opening 'knappt hade...förrän' constructions, not as a verb.
hadehadha · auxiliary verb, past, indicative, activemodifies Ulvåsa-frunUlvåsa-frunthe Lady of UlvåsaUlvåsa-fru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies sagtsagtsaidsäga · verb, active, supinemain verb of the sentencedettathisdenna · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of passive sagtförränbeforeförrän · adverbmodifies stegused with a preceding negative to mean 'no sooner than'.
bondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of steglemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
stegrosestiga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to sagtoppupopp · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardepends on stegDialectal form of upp ("up"), mistagged as a noun by the parser.
gladgladglad · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stegochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnöjdpleasednöjd · adjective, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with stegochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationtackadethankedtacka · verb, past, indicative, activecoordinated with steghenneherhenne · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of tackadeförforför · prepositionpreposition marking beskedgottgoodgod · adjective, nominative, neuter, singularmodifies beskedbeskedanswerbesked · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of tackade Now at last he was satisfied, he said.
Nunownu · adverbmodifies äntligenäntligenfinallyäntligen · adverbmodifies varvarwasvara · pronoun, common gender, singularhead of the phrasethe surface var here is the past tense of vara 'to be', not the pronoun.
hanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of varbelåtensatisfied/contentbelåt · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of varPredicate adjective belåten ('satisfied'); tagged as noun.
sadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to varhanhehan · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sade- 36
'Truly, now I understand how you mean it,' said the Lady of Ulvåsa then.
SannerligentrulySannerligen · adverbmodifies jagjagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of förstårnunownu · adverbmodifies förstårförstårunderstand(s)förstå · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencehurhowhur · adverbmodifies menarduyoudu · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menarmenarmeanmena · verb, present, indicative, activeclausal complement of förstårdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of menarsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to menardåthendå · adverbmodifies sadeUlvåsa-frunthe Lady of UlvåsaUlvåsa-frun · noun, nominative, common gender, singulardirect object of sade - 37
'Well, I mean it this way, dear lady,' said the farmer, 'that all that kings and cloister-folk and lords and townsfolk build and set up has only a few years' endurance.
Jowell/yesjo · interjectiondepends on menarused to affirm or answer a question, often contradicting an implied doubt.
jagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of menarmenarmeanmena · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencedetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of menarsåthis wayså · adverbmodifies menarkäradearkäer · adjective, nominative, singularcoordinated with såfruladyfru · noun, nominative, common gender, singularcoordinated with såsadesaidsäga · verb, past, indicative, activeparallel clause to menarbondenfarmerbond · noun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sadelemma is the modern form bonde 'farmer'.
attthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of alltallteverythingall · pronoun, neuter, singularadverbial clause on menarvadwhatvad · pronoun, neuter, singulardirect object of byggerkungarkingskung · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralsubject of byggerochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationklosterfolkmonastery folkklosterfolk · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralcoordinated with kungarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationherremänlordsherremän · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kungarochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationköpstadsbortownsfolkköpstadsba · noun, nominative, common gender, pluralcoordinated with kungarbyggerbuildsbygga · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with alltochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationupprättarsets upupprätta · verb, present, indicative, activecoordinated with byggerdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of harharhasha · verb, present, indicative, activeparallel clause to menarbarajustbara · adverbmodifies harbeståndendurancebestånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of harförforför · prepositionpreposition marking årnågrasomenågon · determiner, pluraldeterminer of åråryearsår · noun, nominative, neuter, pluralmodifies bestånd But when you tell me that in Östergötland there will always be farmers who are honor-loving and steadfast, then I know too that it shall keep its old honor.
Menbutmen · conjunctionlinks the coordinationnärwhennär · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of sägerniyouni · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of sägersecond-person plural/formal pronoun, tagged singular by the parser.
sägersayssäga · verb, present, indicative, activeadverbial clause on vetmigmejag · pronoun, accusative, common gender, singulardirect object of sägerattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of finnasiini · prepositionpreposition marking ÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötlandÖstergötland · proper noun, nominativeoblique complement of finnasalltidalwaysalltid · adverbmodifies finnasskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of finnasfinnasto existfinnas · verb, infinitivedepends on vetbönderfarmersbönd · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of finnassomwhosom · pronounsubject of ärekäraThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
ärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to ärekäraärekärahonor-lovingärekär · adjective, nominative, pluralrelative clause on bönderochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationuthålligapersistentuthållig · adjective, nominative, pluralcoordinated with ärekärasåthenså · adverbadverbial clause on vetvetknowsveta · verb, present, indicative, activemain verb of the sentencejagIjag · pronoun, nominative, common gender, singularsubject of vetocksåalsoockså · adverbmodifies vetattthatatt · subordinating conjunctionintroduces the clause of behålladetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularsubject of behållaskawillskola · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of behållafåget tofå · auxiliary verb, active, infinitiveauxiliary of behållabehållato keepbehålla · verb, active, infinitiveclausal complement of vetsinitssig · pronoun, common gender, singularpossessor of hedergamlaoldgammal · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies hederhederhonorhed · noun, nominative, common gender, pluraldirect object of behållathe surface 'heder' here is actually the unrelated noun 'heder' (honor), not a plural of 'hed' (heath).
For it is only those who go bent under the eternal labor of the soil who can keep this land standing in prosperity and repute from age to age.'»
Förforför · prepositionpreposition marking detdetitden · pronoun, neuter, singularoblique complement of deärisvara · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activecopula linking to debarajustbara · adverbmodifies dedetheyde · pronoun, nominative, pluralhead of the phrasesomwhosom · pronounsubject of gårThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
gårgoesgå · verb, present, indicative, activerelative clause on deböjdabentböjda · adjective, nominative, pluralmodifies gårunderunderunder · prepositionpreposition marking arbetetdetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of arbetetevigaeternalevig · adjective, nominative, singularmodifies arbetetarbetetworkarbete · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of gårmedwithmed · prepositionpreposition marking jordenjordenearthjord · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies arbetetsomwhosom · pronounsubject of hållaThree of this key's four examples ('som om far skulle...', 'för just som han stod...', 'som de är borta') are actually the conjunctive 'as'/'while' use, not the relative pronoun 'that/which' shown by 'länstolen, som blev köpt...'. The glosser's original senses list (that/who/which) omitted the dominant 'as' reading entirely.
kancankunna · auxiliary verb, present, indicative, activeauxiliary of hållahållato sustainhålla · verb, active, infinitiverelative clause on dedetaen · determiner, neuter, singulardeterminer of landethärherehär · adverbpart of the phrase detlandetlandland · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hållaoppeup thereoppe · noun, nominative, neuter, singulardirect object of hållaColloquial adverb 'oppe' (dialectal for 'uppe'), mistagged here as a noun.
iini · prepositionpreposition marking välståndvälståndprosperityvälstånd · noun, nominative, neuter, singularoblique complement of hållaochandoch · conjunctionlinks the coordinationanseendereputationanseende · noun, nominative, neuter, singularcoordinated with välståndfrånfromfrån · prepositionpreposition marking tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularmodifies anseendetillto agetill · prepositionpreposition marking tidtidtimetid · noun, nominative, common gender, singularoblique complement of hålla
The particulars
- The text
- Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, Selma Lagerlöf. The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.
- Translation
- Public-domain Swedish (Lagerlöf, d. 1940; published 1906–07). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Words
- Every word of the text, by letter.
- Data
- JSON · Markdown · A guide for agents