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Words of the Odyssey · 106 headwords
Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.
χάζω
will rob twice
κεκαδήσει
Nearly identical to l153 — a repeated formulaic line-half typical of oral epic composition.
χάλκειος
bronze; of bronze 3 times
χαλκήια, χάλκειον, χαλκείην
accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective
χαλκείην, material adjective agreeing with κληῗδ' 'key' from the line before
χάλκεος
bronze; of bronze 14 times
χάλκεον, χάλκεοι, χαλκέῳ
accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective
χάρις
grace; gratitude; favor 12 times
χάριν, χάρις, χάρισι
accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun
Athena bestowing physical 'grace/charm' on a hero is a recurring divine-favor motif in Homer.
Χάρις
of the Graces; Graces 3 times
Χαρίτων, Χάριτες
genitive plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun
Χάρυβδις
Charybdis; of Charybdis 9 times
Χάρυβδιν, Χάρυβδις, Χαρύβδιος
accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
χάσκω
gaping once
χανὼν
χανὼν 'gaping/gasping' — vivid image of mouth open swallowing water while drowning.
χαίρω
rejoiced; rejoicing; rejoice 62 times
χαῖρε, χαίρων, κεχάροιτο, χαίρετον, χαῖρ, κεχάροντο, χαίρουσιν, χαῖρέ and 15 more
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
κεχάροιτο is a reduplicated aorist optative of χαίρω (not a perfect form), expressing potential mood with οὔ κεν, 'she would (not) rejoice'.
χαίτη
hair 3 times
χαίτας, χαῖται
accusative plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun
cutting hair was a Greek mourning ritual, offered to the dead
χαλεπαίνω
turn harsh; should be angry; to be harsh 9 times
χαλεπήνῃ, χαλεπαίνοι, χαλεπαίνειν, χαλεπαίνει
aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; present active optative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive
optative χαλεπαίνοι in a concessive εἰ clause, 'however harsh it might be'
χαλεπός
harsh; hard; cruel 33 times
χαλεπὸν, χαλεποῖσιν, χαλεπός, χαλεπόν, χαλεποί, χαλεπὴ, χαλεπὸς, χαλεποὶ and 9 more
nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective
χαλκήρης
bronze-tipped; bronze-fitted 9 times
χαλκήρεας, χαλκήρεϊ, χαλκήρεσιν, χαλκήρεα
dative plural feminine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective
χαλκήρης, compound epithet 'fitted with bronze' — formulaic weapon description.
Χαλκίς
fair-flowing once
Χαλκίδα
καλλιρέεθρος, epithet for rivers/waters with beautiful streams, here of the place Chalcis.
χαλκός
bronze; with bronze; of bronze 49 times
χαλκῷ, χαλκόν, χαλκός, χαλκοῦ, χαλκὸν, χαλκὸς
dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
'pitiless bronze' — χαλκός standing metonymically for the sword/weapon that kills, epic formula.
χαλκοβαρής
bronze-heavy; bronze-weighted 4 times
χαλκοβάρεια, χαλκοβαρές, χαλκοβαρής
nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective
compound epithet χαλκοβαρής, 'heavy with bronze,' vivid Homeric weapon description
χαλκοβατής
bronze-floored twice
χαλκοβατὲς
χαλκοβατές, an epic compound epithet for divine dwellings — 'bronze-paved.'
χαλκοπάρῃος
bronze-cheeked once
χαλκοπαρῄου
χαλκοπαρῄου, compound epithet 'bronze-cheeked' describing the helmet's metal cheek-pieces.
χαλκοῦς
with bronze; bronze; in bronze 9 times
χαλκῷ
χαλκός, 'bronze,' stands metonymically for a sword/weapon, common epic usage.
χαλκοχίτων
bronze-clad twice
χαλκοχιτώνων
genitive plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine noun
χαλκοχίτων 'bronze-tunicked,' a Homeric compound epithet for Greek warriors, evoking their armor in formula.
χαμάδις
to the ground; on the ground 4 times
χαμάδις
χαμάδις 'to the ground' is a rare directional adverb in -δις, vividly marking the tear's fall.
χαμᾶζε
to the ground; on the ground 5 times
χαμᾶζε
χαμαί
to the ground; on the ground 5 times
χαμαὶ
χαμαιεύνης
ground-sleeping once
χαμαιευνάδες
χαμαιεύνης, a compound epithet ('bed-on-earth') describing the sows' pen habits.
χανδάνω
holding; could hold; will hold 3 times
κεχανδότα, ἐχάνδανον, χείσεται
perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb
κεχανδότα is a perfect participle 'having held/contained' — perfect aspect stresses the house's lasting stock of goods.
χαρίεις
graceful; gracious; pleasing things 8 times
χαρίεντα, χαρίεσσαν, χαριέστερον, χαριεστάτη
accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
Comparative of χαρίεις 'graceful, pleasing' — Odysseus praising communal feasting.
χαρίζομαι
giving freely; pleasing; freely giving 20 times
χαριζομένη, χαριζόμενος, κεχαρισμένα, χαρίσασθαι, χαρίζεο, χαρίζετο, κεχαρισμένος, κεχαρισμένε and 1 more
present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter
χαριζομένη 'giving graciously/generously' underscores the housekeeper's warm hospitality, echoing the poem's larger theme of guest-welcome (xenia).
χατέω
longing; have need; needing, craving 4 times
χατέουσιν, χατέουσα, χατέουσ
present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative singular feminine; present active participle, dative plural masculine
χατίζω
longing; wanting 4 times
χατίζων
χατίζων 'lacking, in need of' — the bard denies he came out of greed for pay.
χέρνιψ
water for washing; washing-water; water 8 times
χέρνιβα, χέρνιβά
χέρνιψ, ritual hand-washing water before a meal—stock hospitality-scene item.
χέρσος
dry land; the land; shore 12 times
χέρσου, χέρσον
genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
χέω
poured; shedding; pouring 72 times
χεῦεν, ἔχευεν, ἔχευαν, χέοντες, χέων, χεῦε, χεῦ, χεούσῃ and 30 more
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative plural masculine
χέω 'pour' used metaphorically for sleep/mist descending, a common Homeric image.
χείρ
hands; hand; with hands 250 times
χεῖρας, χερσὶν, χερσὶ, χειρὶ, χερσίν, χειρῶν, χεῖράς, χειρί and 15 more
dative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun
Genitive of separation with ἐκβάλλω: 'threw out from the hands'.
χείρων
meaner; worse; worse things 6 times
χείρονι, χεῖρον, χέρεια, χείρονος, χείρονα, χείρονες
dative singular comparative adjective; nominative singular neuter comparative adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective
Comparative χεῖρον serves as predicate: 'it would be worse.'
χεῖλος
rims; lips; their lips 7 times
χείλεα, χείλεσι
dative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun
χεῖμα
in winter; the winter cold 3 times
χεῖμα, χείματος
genitive singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun
χελιδών
swallow; to a swallow twice
χελιδόνι
famous simile: the plucked bowstring's twang compared to a swallow's song, praising Odysseus's mastery.
χερείων
worse; worse things; inferior 8 times
χερείων, χέρηα, χέρηες, χερείονα, χερείονι, χέρειον
nominative singular feminine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
χερείων, irregular comparative "worse" (no positive-degree adjective) — Calypso's rivalry claim vs. Penelope.
χήν
geese; goose 6 times
χῆνας, χῆνα, χῆν, χῆνές, χῆνες
accusative singular feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun
χήν treated as feminine noun here though masc./fem. common gender
χηλός
chest; chests 6 times
χηλὸν, χηλοῖσιν, χηλῷ, χηλοὶ
accusative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun
χηλός, a storage chest for valuables - concrete domestic detail grounding the gift-giving scene.
χθαμαλός
low-lying; low; lower 4 times
χθαμαλὴ, χθαμαλαὶ, χθαμαλώτερον
nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine comparative adjective
χθαμαλή 'low' famously contrasted by ancient scholars with 'highest' — a crux of Ithaca's identification.
χθιζός
yesterday; yesterday's 5 times
χθιζὸς, χθιζὸν
nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
χθιζός 'of yesterday' recalls Athena's earlier visit disguised as Mentes in Book 1.
χθών
earth; the earth; ground 24 times
χθονὶ, χθονὸς, χθόνα, χθών
dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
χθόνα, accusative of χθών ‘earth, ground’ — object of ἐπί, ‘over the earth.’
χιτών
tunic; tunics; a tunic 44 times
χιτῶνα, χιτῶνά, χιτῶνας, χιτῶνες, χιτῶν
accusative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
line nearly repeats l131's command verbatim, now fulfilled in narrated action
χιών
snow 3 times
χιὼν
χλαῖνα
cloak; cloaks; a cloak 50 times
χλαῖναν, χλαῖνάν, χλαίνας, χλαῖναι
accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun
χλωρός
pale; green; pale, sickly 10 times
χλωρὸν, χλωρός, χλωρὰς
nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
χλωρός περ ἐών = concessive 'though (still) green' — περ marking concession.
χόλος
anger 8 times
χόλον, χόλος, χόλου, χόλοιο
accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
genitive object of μέθιεν, 'let go of anger'
χοῖνιξ
grain-ration once
χοίνικος
χοῖνιξ was a standard daily grain measure; touching it means eating another's food without earning it.
χολόω
angered; enraged; grew angry 25 times
κεχολωμένος, κεχολῶσθαι, χολωσάμενος, χολώσατο, κεχολώατο, κεχολώσεται, ἐχολώσατο, κεχόλωται and 7 more
perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect medio-passive infinitive
Perfect κεχόλωται expresses a present, ongoing state of anger resulting from a past act — 'stands enraged.'
χορός
dance; the dance floor; dances 8 times
χορὸν, χοροί, χορόν, χοροὶ
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
τε...τε...τε: triple correlative listing beloved Phaeacian pastimes, a rhetorical catalog
χράω
to consult; assailed; in need of 18 times
κέχρητ, κεχρημένον, ἔχραε, χρησόμενος, χρησομένους, κεχρημένος, χρείων, χρησόμενον and 3 more
perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine; pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
κεχρημένον + genitive (νόστου, γυναικὸς): perfect participle of χράω/χράομαι, 'yearning,' governs the genitive of the thing longed for.
χρέος
debt; need; need, matter 7 times
χρεῖος, χρέος, χρεῖός
accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun
χρεῖος, 'a need/business (of one's own)' — Telemachus contrasts private trouble with public affairs.
χρεώ
need; there is need 10 times
χρειὼ, χρεὼ, χρεώ, χρειώ
nominative singular feminine noun; nominative singular neuter noun
χρεώ: personified abstract noun 'need' as grammatical subject of γίγνεται — idiomatic 'need comes upon me.'
χρή
it is necessary; need; it is right 27 times
χρὴ, χρή
impersonal χρή + acc.+inf. = 'you must/need not'
χρῄζω
being in need; needing, wanting; you need 3 times
χρηίζοντι, χρηΐζων, χρηΐζεις
present active participle, dative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb
χρῄζεις governs a genitive of the thing needed (τῶν = 'of which')
χρῆμα
goods; with goods; wealth 14 times
χρήματ, χρήματα, χρήμασι, χρήματά
accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun
χρίμπτω
drawing near once
χριμφθεὶς
Aorist passive participle χριμφθείς 'having approached' describes Odysseus nearing the spot before digging.
χρίω
anointed; to smear; was anointing 15 times
χρῖσαν, ἔχρισεν, χρῖσεν, χρίεσθαι, χρῖον, χρισάμεναι, χρίσομαι, χρίεται and 1 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive infinitive
Middle voice: to anoint for one's own use.
χρόνος
time; (long) time; a while 19 times
χρόνον
Accusative of duration: 'for a long time,' answering how long, not a direct object.
χρύσεος
golden 50 times
χρυσείῃ, χρύσεον, χρύσεια, χρυσέῃ, χρυσέῳ, χρύσειον, χρυσείην, χρύσειαι and 9 more
dative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective
Hermes's magic winged sandals, ἀμβρόσια χρύσεια, described with divine epithets.
χρυσήνιος
golden-reined once
χρυσήνιος
epithet χρυσήνιος 'with golden reins', a formulaic epithet for Ares as a charioteer god.
χρυσηλάκατος
golden-distaffed once
χρυσηλακάτῳ
epithet χρυσηλάκατος, 'of the golden distaff', describing Artemis (not Helen) — part of the simile likening Helen to the goddess
χρυσόθρονος
golden-throned; gold-throned 11 times
χρυσόθρονος, χρυσόθρονον
nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective
Compound epithet χρυσόθρονος marks Artemis' divine splendor, epic formulaic style.
χρυσόραπις
of the golden wand once
χρυσόρραπις
χρυσόρραπις, a fixed epithet for Hermes — the god's identifying formula in epic
χρυσόρραπις
golden-wanded twice
χρυσόρραπι, χρυσόρραπις
vocative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine adjective
χρυσόρραπις 'of the golden wand' — a standing epithet unique to Hermes.
χρυσός
gold; of gold; with gold 37 times
χρυσόν, χρυσὸν, χρυσοῦ, χρυσῷ, χρυσοῖο, χρυσὸς, χρυσός, χρυσοῖό
accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
χρυσοπέδιλος
golden-sandaled once
χρυσοπεδίλου
χρυσοπέδιλος, a fixed epithet for Hera marking divine splendor, formulaic in epic diction
χρώς
skin; body; on my body 41 times
χροῒ, χρόα, χροΐ, χρώς, χρὼς, χρῶτ, χροός
dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
χρόα, epic accusative of χρώς 'skin/flesh' — 'mar the skin' idiom for weeping till the face is marked.
χύσις
drift, heap; a drift/heap 3 times
χύσις, χύσιν
nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
χυτλόω
might anoint herself once
χυτλώσαιτο
aorist optative after ἧος 'until', purpose/expectation clause
χώομαι
be angry; in anger; grew angry 8 times
χωόμενος, χώεο, ἐχώσατο
present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb
χώεο, present imperative of χώομαι "be angry" — negative command μή + imperative, softened diplomacy.
χώρα
lands; his seat, spot; spot 4 times
χώρῃ, χώρας, χώρης
dative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
χῶρος
place; a place; spot, place 17 times
χώρῳ, χῶρον, χῶρος, χώρου
dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
χωλός
lame twice
χωλὸν, χωλὸς
accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective
χωλὸς, Hephaestus's defining trait, set in pointed contrast with Ares's swiftness in the surrounding lines.
χωρίς
apart; separately; apart, separately 6 times
χωρὶς
Seen once or twice
χάρμα
joys once
χάρμη
joy; battle twice
χαλέπτω
troubles once
χαλίφρων
slack-minded; light of mind twice
χαλιφρονέω
one thinking foolishly once
χαλιφροσύνη
foolishness once
χαλκέων
the forge once
χαλκεύς
the smith; smith twice
χαλκήιος
smith's once
χανδόν
greedily once
χαρίες
graceful twice
χαροπός
gleaming-eyed once
χειμέριος
wintry once
χειμών
storm twice
χειρίς
gloves once
χερμάδιον
boulders; with stones twice
χῆτος
for want once
χηρεύω
lies empty once
Χίος
of Chios; Chios twice
Χλῶρις
Chloris once
χλωρηίς
pale-green once
χνόος
scum once
χοή
drink-offering twice
χοίρειος
young pig once
χοῖρος
of piglets once
χολωτός
angry twice
χορδή
string once
χράομαι
in want of; craving twice
χρόνιος
after long time once
χρυσοχόος
goldsmith once
χυτός
heaped up once
The particulars
- The words
- Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
- Translation
- Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Data
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