Words of the Odyssey 1732 Studios

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Words of the Odyssey · 106 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

χάζω

will rob twice

κεκαδήσει

Nearly identical to l153 — a repeated formulaic line-half typical of oral epic composition.

χάλκειος

bronze; of bronze 3 times

χαλκήια, χάλκειον, χαλκείην

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

χαλκείην, material adjective agreeing with κληῗδ' 'key' from the line before

χάλκεος

bronze; of bronze 14 times

χάλκεον, χάλκεοι, χαλκέῳ

accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

χάρις

grace; gratitude; favor 12 times

χάριν, χάρις, χάρισι

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun

Athena bestowing physical 'grace/charm' on a hero is a recurring divine-favor motif in Homer.

Χάρυβδις

Charybdis; of Charybdis 9 times

Χάρυβδιν, Χάρυβδις, Χαρύβδιος

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

χάσκω

gaping once

χανὼν

χανὼν 'gaping/gasping' — vivid image of mouth open swallowing water while drowning.

χαίρω

rejoiced; rejoicing; rejoice 62 times

χαῖρε, χαίρων, κεχάροιτο, χαίρετον, χαῖρ, κεχάροντο, χαίρουσιν, χαῖρέ and 15 more

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

κεχάροιτο is a reduplicated aorist optative of χαίρω (not a perfect form), expressing potential mood with οὔ κεν, 'she would (not) rejoice'.

χαλεπαίνω

turn harsh; should be angry; to be harsh 9 times

χαλεπήνῃ, χαλεπαίνοι, χαλεπαίνειν, χαλεπαίνει

aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; present active optative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive

optative χαλεπαίνοι in a concessive εἰ clause, 'however harsh it might be'

χαλεπός

harsh; hard; cruel 33 times

χαλεπὸν, χαλεποῖσιν, χαλεπός, χαλεπόν, χαλεποί, χαλεπὴ, χαλεπὸς, χαλεποὶ and 9 more

nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

χαλκήρης

bronze-tipped; bronze-fitted 9 times

χαλκήρεας, χαλκήρεϊ, χαλκήρεσιν, χαλκήρεα

dative plural feminine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective

χαλκήρης, compound epithet 'fitted with bronze' — formulaic weapon description.

Χαλκίς

fair-flowing once

Χαλκίδα

καλλιρέεθρος, epithet for rivers/waters with beautiful streams, here of the place Chalcis.

χαλκός

bronze; with bronze; of bronze 49 times

χαλκῷ, χαλκόν, χαλκός, χαλκοῦ, χαλκὸν, χαλκὸς

dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

'pitiless bronze' — χαλκός standing metonymically for the sword/weapon that kills, epic formula.

χαλκοβαρής

bronze-heavy; bronze-weighted 4 times

χαλκοβάρεια, χαλκοβαρές, χαλκοβαρής

nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

compound epithet χαλκοβαρής, 'heavy with bronze,' vivid Homeric weapon description

χαλκοβατής

bronze-floored twice

χαλκοβατὲς

χαλκοβατές, an epic compound epithet for divine dwellings — 'bronze-paved.'

χαλκοπάρῃος

bronze-cheeked once

χαλκοπαρῄου

χαλκοπαρῄου, compound epithet 'bronze-cheeked' describing the helmet's metal cheek-pieces.

χαλκοχίτων

bronze-clad twice

χαλκοχιτώνων

genitive plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine noun

χαλκοχίτων 'bronze-tunicked,' a Homeric compound epithet for Greek warriors, evoking their armor in formula.

χαμαιεύνης

ground-sleeping once

χαμαιευνάδες

χαμαιεύνης, a compound epithet ('bed-on-earth') describing the sows' pen habits.

χανδάνω

holding; could hold; will hold 3 times

κεχανδότα, ἐχάνδανον, χείσεται

perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

κεχανδότα is a perfect participle 'having held/contained' — perfect aspect stresses the house's lasting stock of goods.

χαρίεις

graceful; gracious; pleasing things 8 times

χαρίεντα, χαρίεσσαν, χαριέστερον, χαριεστάτη

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

Comparative of χαρίεις 'graceful, pleasing' — Odysseus praising communal feasting.

χαρίζομαι

giving freely; pleasing; freely giving 20 times

χαριζομένη, χαριζόμενος, κεχαρισμένα, χαρίσασθαι, χαρίζεο, χαρίζετο, κεχαρισμένος, κεχαρισμένε and 1 more

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter

χαριζομένη 'giving graciously/generously' underscores the housekeeper's warm hospitality, echoing the poem's larger theme of guest-welcome (xenia).

χατέω

longing; have need; needing, craving 4 times

χατέουσιν, χατέουσα, χατέουσ

present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative singular feminine; present active participle, dative plural masculine

χέρνιψ

water for washing; washing-water; water 8 times

χέρνιβα, χέρνιβά

χέρνιψ, ritual hand-washing water before a meal—stock hospitality-scene item.

χέω

poured; shedding; pouring 72 times

χεῦεν, ἔχευεν, ἔχευαν, χέοντες, χέων, χεῦε, χεῦ, χεούσῃ and 30 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative plural masculine

χέω 'pour' used metaphorically for sleep/mist descending, a common Homeric image.

χείρ

hands; hand; with hands 250 times

χεῖρας, χερσὶν, χερσὶ, χειρὶ, χερσίν, χειρῶν, χεῖράς, χειρί and 15 more

dative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

Genitive of separation with ἐκβάλλω: 'threw out from the hands'.

χείρων

meaner; worse; worse things 6 times

χείρονι, χεῖρον, χέρεια, χείρονος, χείρονα, χείρονες

dative singular comparative adjective; nominative singular neuter comparative adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

Comparative χεῖρον serves as predicate: 'it would be worse.'

χελιδών

swallow; to a swallow twice

χελιδόνι

famous simile: the plucked bowstring's twang compared to a swallow's song, praising Odysseus's mastery.

χερείων

worse; worse things; inferior 8 times

χερείων, χέρηα, χέρηες, χερείονα, χερείονι, χέρειον

nominative singular feminine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

χερείων, irregular comparative "worse" (no positive-degree adjective) — Calypso's rivalry claim vs. Penelope.

χήν

geese; goose 6 times

χῆνας, χῆνα, χῆν, χῆνές, χῆνες

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

χήν treated as feminine noun here though masc./fem. common gender

χηλός

chest; chests 6 times

χηλὸν, χηλοῖσιν, χηλῷ, χηλοὶ

accusative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

χηλός, a storage chest for valuables - concrete domestic detail grounding the gift-giving scene.

χθαμαλός

low-lying; low; lower 4 times

χθαμαλὴ, χθαμαλαὶ, χθαμαλώτερον

nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine comparative adjective

χθαμαλή 'low' famously contrasted by ancient scholars with 'highest' — a crux of Ithaca's identification.

χθιζός

yesterday; yesterday's 5 times

χθιζὸς, χθιζὸν

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

χθιζός 'of yesterday' recalls Athena's earlier visit disguised as Mentes in Book 1.

χθών

earth; the earth; ground 24 times

χθονὶ, χθονὸς, χθόνα, χθών

dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

χθόνα, accusative of χθών ‘earth, ground’ — object of ἐπί, ‘over the earth.’

χιτών

tunic; tunics; a tunic 44 times

χιτῶνα, χιτῶνά, χιτῶνας, χιτῶνες, χιτῶν

accusative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

line nearly repeats l131's command verbatim, now fulfilled in narrated action

χλαῖνα

cloak; cloaks; a cloak 50 times

χλαῖναν, χλαῖνάν, χλαίνας, χλαῖναι

accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun

χλωρός

pale; green; pale, sickly 10 times

χλωρὸν, χλωρός, χλωρὰς

nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

χλωρός περ ἐών = concessive 'though (still) green' — περ marking concession.

χόλος

anger 8 times

χόλον, χόλος, χόλου, χόλοιο

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

genitive object of μέθιεν, 'let go of anger'

χοῖνιξ

grain-ration once

χοίνικος

χοῖνιξ was a standard daily grain measure; touching it means eating another's food without earning it.

χολόω

angered; enraged; grew angry 25 times

κεχολωμένος, κεχολῶσθαι, χολωσάμενος, χολώσατο, κεχολώατο, κεχολώσεται, ἐχολώσατο, κεχόλωται and 7 more

perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect medio-passive infinitive

Perfect κεχόλωται expresses a present, ongoing state of anger resulting from a past act — 'stands enraged.'

χορός

dance; the dance floor; dances 8 times

χορὸν, χοροί, χορόν, χοροὶ

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

τε...τε...τε: triple correlative listing beloved Phaeacian pastimes, a rhetorical catalog

χράω

to consult; assailed; in need of 18 times

κέχρητ, κεχρημένον, ἔχραε, χρησόμενος, χρησομένους, κεχρημένος, χρείων, χρησόμενον and 3 more

perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine; pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

κεχρημένον + genitive (νόστου, γυναικὸς): perfect participle of χράω/χράομαι, 'yearning,' governs the genitive of the thing longed for.

χρέος

debt; need; need, matter 7 times

χρεῖος, χρέος, χρεῖός

accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun

χρεῖος, 'a need/business (of one's own)' — Telemachus contrasts private trouble with public affairs.

χρεώ

need; there is need 10 times

χρειὼ, χρεὼ, χρεώ, χρειώ

nominative singular feminine noun; nominative singular neuter noun

χρεώ: personified abstract noun 'need' as grammatical subject of γίγνεται — idiomatic 'need comes upon me.'

χρῄζω

being in need; needing, wanting; you need 3 times

χρηίζοντι, χρηΐζων, χρηΐζεις

present active participle, dative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb

χρῄζεις governs a genitive of the thing needed (τῶν = 'of which')

χρῆμα

goods; with goods; wealth 14 times

χρήματ, χρήματα, χρήμασι, χρήματά

accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun

χρίμπτω

drawing near once

χριμφθεὶς

Aorist passive participle χριμφθείς 'having approached' describes Odysseus nearing the spot before digging.

χρίω

anointed; to smear; was anointing 15 times

χρῖσαν, ἔχρισεν, χρῖσεν, χρίεσθαι, χρῖον, χρισάμεναι, χρίσομαι, χρίεται and 1 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive infinitive

Middle voice: to anoint for one's own use.

χρύσεος

golden 50 times

χρυσείῃ, χρύσεον, χρύσεια, χρυσέῃ, χρυσέῳ, χρύσειον, χρυσείην, χρύσειαι and 9 more

dative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

Hermes's magic winged sandals, ἀμβρόσια χρύσεια, described with divine epithets.

χρυσήνιος

golden-reined once

χρυσήνιος

epithet χρυσήνιος 'with golden reins', a formulaic epithet for Ares as a charioteer god.

χρυσηλάκατος

golden-distaffed once

χρυσηλακάτῳ

epithet χρυσηλάκατος, 'of the golden distaff', describing Artemis (not Helen) — part of the simile likening Helen to the goddess

χρυσόθρονος

golden-throned; gold-throned 11 times

χρυσόθρονος, χρυσόθρονον

nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

Compound epithet χρυσόθρονος marks Artemis' divine splendor, epic formulaic style.

χρυσόραπις

of the golden wand once

χρυσόρραπις

χρυσόρραπις, a fixed epithet for Hermes — the god's identifying formula in epic

χρυσόρραπις

golden-wanded twice

χρυσόρραπι, χρυσόρραπις

vocative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine adjective

χρυσόρραπις 'of the golden wand' — a standing epithet unique to Hermes.

χρυσός

gold; of gold; with gold 37 times

χρυσόν, χρυσὸν, χρυσοῦ, χρυσῷ, χρυσοῖο, χρυσὸς, χρυσός, χρυσοῖό

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

χρυσοπέδιλος

golden-sandaled once

χρυσοπεδίλου

χρυσοπέδιλος, a fixed epithet for Hera marking divine splendor, formulaic in epic diction

χρώς

skin; body; on my body 41 times

χροῒ, χρόα, χροΐ, χρώς, χρὼς, χρῶτ, χροός

dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

χρόα, epic accusative of χρώς 'skin/flesh' — 'mar the skin' idiom for weeping till the face is marked.

χυτλόω

might anoint herself once

χυτλώσαιτο

aorist optative after ἧος 'until', purpose/expectation clause

χώομαι

be angry; in anger; grew angry 8 times

χωόμενος, χώεο, ἐχώσατο

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

χώεο, present imperative of χώομαι "be angry" — negative command μή + imperative, softened diplomacy.

χῶρος

place; a place; spot, place 17 times

χώρῳ, χῶρον, χῶρος, χώρου

dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

χωλός

lame twice

χωλὸν, χωλὸς

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

χωλὸς, Hephaestus's defining trait, set in pointed contrast with Ares's swiftness in the surrounding lines.

Seen once or twice

χάρμα

joys once

χάρμη

joy; battle twice

χαλέπτω

troubles once

χαλίφρων

slack-minded; light of mind twice

χαλιφρονέω

one thinking foolishly once

χαλιφροσύνη

foolishness once

χαλκέων

the forge once

χαλκεύς

the smith; smith twice

χαλκήιος

smith's once

χανδόν

greedily once

χαρίες

graceful twice

χαροπός

gleaming-eyed once

χειμέριος

wintry once

χειμών

storm twice

χειρίς

gloves once

χερμάδιον

boulders; with stones twice

χῆτος

for want once

χηρεύω

lies empty once

Χίος

of Chios; Chios twice

Χλῶρις

Chloris once

χλωρηίς

pale-green once

χνόος

scum once

χοή

drink-offering twice

χοίρειος

young pig once

χοῖρος

of piglets once

χολωτός

angry twice

χορδή

string once

χράομαι

in want of; craving twice

χρόνιος

after long time once

χρυσοχόος

goldsmith once

χυτός

heaped up once

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.