ξ

ξανθός

fair-haired; blond; golden 19 times

ξανθὸς, ξανθὸν, ξανθὰς

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective

ξανθός, the fixed epithet of Menelaus throughout the poem, marking him instantly by hair color.

• κεῖθεν δὲ Σπάρτηνδε παρὰ ξανθὸν Μενέλαον·
• ὀψὲ δὲ δὴ μετὰ νῶι κίε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος,
• Ἀτρεΐδης Τροίηθεν ἰών, ξανθὸς Μενέλαος·

ξένιος

guest-gifts; of hospitality; guest-gift 18 times

ξείνια, ξείνιον, ξενίη, ξενίων, ξείνιος, ξεινίου, ξένιον

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

ξένια 'gifts of hospitality' — the guest-friendship (xenia) custom central to the Odyssey.

• ἔνθα δὲ νύκτʼ ἄεσαν, ὁ δὲ τοῖς πὰρ ξείνια θῆκεν.
• ἀλλʼ ἕπεο προτέρω, ἵνα τοι πὰρ ξείνια θείω.
• ὄφρʼ αὐτόν τε ἴδοιμι, καὶ εἴ μοι ξείνια δοίη.

ξένος

stranger; strangers; the stranger 201 times

ξεῖνε, ξεῖνος, ξεῖνον, ξεῖν, ξείνους, ξείνῳ, ξείνων, ξεῖνοι and 9 more

vocative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ξένος names the reciprocal Greek institution of guest-friendship (xenia) — hosts and guests bound by inherited obligation, key to Odyssey's plot.

• εἰδομένη ξείνῳ, Ταφίων ἡγήτορι Μέντῃ.
• ξεῖνον δηθὰ θύρῃσιν ἐφεστάμεν· ἐγγύθι δὲ στὰς
• χαῖρε, ξεῖνε, παρʼ ἄμμι φιλήσεαι· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα

ξέω

planed; had planed; I planed 4 times

ξέσσεν, ξέσσε, ἔξεον

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb

ξέσσεν is a simple narrative aorist describing one specific carpenter's past action, not a gnomic aorist.

• ξέσσε δʼ ἐπισταμένως καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν.
• ξέσσεν ἐπισταμένως καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν.
• ξέσσεν ἐπισταμένως καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν,

ξεινήιον

guest-gift; hospitality 5 times

ξεινήιον, ξεινήια, ξεινήϊον

accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun

• ἦ μὲν δὴ νῶι ξεινήια πολλὰ φαγόντε
• ἀλλʼ ἄγε οἱ δῶμεν ξεινήιον, ὡς ἐπιεικές.
• ἱκόμεθʼ, εἴ τι πόροις ξεινήιον ἠὲ καὶ ἄλλως

ξεινοδόκος

to his host; hosts; host 3 times

ξεινοδόκῳ, ξεινοδόκοι

dative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

ξεινοδόκος 'host' names the reciprocal guest-friendship (cf. ξένος above) being violated

• ὅς τις ξεινοδόκῳ ἔριδα προφέρηται ἀέθλων
• ξεινοδόκοι καὶ ξεῖνος, ἐπεὶ πολὺ κάλλιον οὕτως·
• ἀνδρὶ ξεινοδόκῳ, ὅς κʼ ἔξοχα μὲν φιλέῃσιν,

ξενίζω

I entertained; to entertain; we will entertain 8 times

ἐξείνισσα, ξεινίζειν, ξεινίσσομεν, ξεινίσαι, ξείνισας, ξείνισσας

aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active infinitive

ξενίζειν, the duty of xenia (guest-friendship), a core Homeric social code

• ξείνους ξεινίζειν, ὅς τίς κʼ ἐμὰ δώμαθʼ ἵκηται.
• ξεῖνον ἐνὶ μεγάροις ξεινίσσομεν ἠδὲ θεοῖσιν
• ξεινίσαι ἠδὲ φιλῆσαι ἰόντʼ ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν,

ξενοδόκος

host twice

ξεινοδόκου, ξεινοδόκος

genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

ξεινοδόκος 'host, receiver of guests' — key term in xenia (guest-friendship) theme

• ἀνδρὸς ξεινοδόκου, ὅς κεν φιλότητα παράσχῃ.
• ξεινοδόκος μὲν ἐγών, ἐπὶ δʼ αἰνεῖτον βασιλῆες,

ξενοσύνη

guest-friendship once

ξεινοσύνης

ξεινοσύνη, "guest-friendship" (xenia) — the sacred bond of host and guest.

• ἀρχὴν ξεινοσύνης προσκηδέος· οὐδὲ τραπέζῃ

ξεστός

polished; smooth; carved/polished 17 times

ξεστὴν, ξεστοῖσι, ξεστοῖσιν, ξεστοῦ, ξεστῷ, ξεστῇς, ξεστὸν, ξεστῶν

accusative singular feminine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

ξεστός 'scraped smooth/polished' — common epic epithet for wooden furniture.

• νίψασθαι· παρὰ δὲ ξεστὴν ἐτάνυσσε τράπεζαν.
• ἐκ δʼ ἐλθὼν κατʼ ἄρʼ ἕζετʼ ἐπὶ ξεστοῖσι λίθοισιν,
• νίψασθαι· παρὰ δὲ ξεστὴν ἐτάνυσσε τράπεζαν.

ξίφος

sword; with swords; of the sword 23 times

ξίφος, ξίφεός, ξίφεος, ξίφεσιν, ξίφεσίν

accusative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun

• εἵματα ἑσσάμενος, περὶ δὲ ξίφος ὀξὺ θέτʼ ὤμῳ,
• εἵματα ἑσσάμενος, περὶ δὲ ξίφος ὀξὺ θέτʼ ὤμῳ,
• ὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χερσὶ τίθει ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον

ξύλον

wood; firewood 7 times

ξύλα

• ἕδρας τε ξύλα τʼ ἀμφὶ καὶ ἀγλαὸν οἰσέμεν ὕδωρ.
• ἔν δʼ ἄρʼ ὕδωρ ἔχεαν, ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα δαῖον ἑλοῦσαι.
• ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας κέασε ξύλα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ,

ξύλοχος

thicket; the thicket 3 times

ξυλόχῳ, ξυλόχοιο

dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

• ὡς δʼ ὁπότʼ ἐν ξυλόχῳ ἔλαφος κρατεροῖο λέοντος
• ὡς δʼ ὁπότʼ ἐν ξυλόχῳ ἔλαφος κρατεροῖο λέοντος
• ὡς ἐπάγοντες ἐπῇσαν· ὁ δʼ ἀντίος ἐκ ξυλόχοιο

ξυνεείκοσι

twenty together once

ξυνεείκοσι

Rare compound adverb, 'twenty [men] combined,' from σύν + εἴκοσι.

• οὔτʼ αὐτῆς Ἰθάκης· οὐδὲ ξυνεείκοσι φωτῶν