ζ

Ζάκυνθος

Zacynthus 4 times

Ζακύνθῳ, Ζάκυνθος, Ζακύνθου

dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

• Δουλιχίῳ τε Σάμῃ τε καὶ ὑλήεντι Ζακύνθῳ,
• Δουλίχιόν τε Σάμη τε καὶ ὑλήεσσα Ζάκυνθος.
• ἐκ δὲ Ζακύνθου ἔασιν ἐείκοσι κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν,

ζατρεφής

well-fed 3 times

ζατρεφέων, ζατρεφέας

genitive plural masculine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective

ζατρεφέων, epic intensive prefix ζα- + τρέφω 'nourish', 'very well-fed goats'.

• ζατρεφέας, πάσας δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπῴχετο, λέκτο δʼ ἀριθμόν·
• αἰεὶ ζατρεφέων σιάλων τὸν ἄριστον ἁπάντων·
• ζατρεφέων αἰγῶν ὅς τις φαίνηται ἄριστος.

Ζέφυρος

West Wind; of the West Wind; the West Wind 10 times

Ζεφύροιο, Ζέφυρος, Ζέφυρον, Ζέφυρός, Ζεφύρῳ, Ζεφύρου

genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

Ζέφυρος personified, the west wind, often favorable in Homer.

• ἀκραῆ Ζέφυρον, κελάδοντʼ ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον.
• πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο μελαίνῃ φρικὶ καλυφθείς,
• ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ Ζεφύροιο λιγὺ πνείοντος ἀήτας

ζείδωρος

grain-giving 9 times

ζείδωρον, ζείδωρος

accusative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

ζείδωρος, 'grain-giving' (ζειά, spelt-grain + δῶρον, gift), a stock Homeric epithet for the earth.

• καὶ θνητοῖσι βροτοῖσιν ἐπὶ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν·
• Αἰγυπτίη, τῇ πλεῖστα φέρει ζείδωρος ἄρουρα
• σχοίνῳ ὑπεκλίνθη, κύσε δὲ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν.

ζεύγνυμι

yoked; yoke; they yoked 10 times

ζεύγνυντ, ζεύξαθ, ἔζευξαν, ζεῦξάν, ζεύξασ, ζεῦξεν, ζεῦξον, ζεύγνυσθ

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb

Middle voice ζεύγνυντ᾽ suggests yoking for their own use/departure.

• ζεύξαθʼ ὑφʼ ἅρματʼ ἄγοντες, ἵνα πρήσσῃσιν ὁδοῖο.
• καρπαλίμως δʼ ἔζευξαν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους.
• ἵππους τε ζεύγνυντʼ ἀνά θʼ ἅρματα ποικίλʼ ἔβαινον·

Ζεύς

Zeus; of Zeus; to Zeus 220 times

Ζεὺς, Διὸς, Ζεῦ, Ζεύς, Διός, Διὶ, Ζηνὸς, Ζηνὶ and 5 more

genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

Subject held back to enjambment at line-start — Odysseus names the god only after the emotional exclamation.

• τῶν ἁμόθεν γε, θεά, θύγατερ Διός, εἰπὲ καὶ ἡμῖν.
• Ζηνὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν Ὀλυμπίου ἁθρόοι ἦσαν.
• Τροίῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ; τί νύ οἱ τόσον ὠδύσαο, Ζεῦ;

Ζεφυρίη

West Wind once

Ζεφυρίη

Ζεφυρίη, the personified West Wind, subject of both φύει and πέσσει — nature as active agent.

• Ζεφυρίη πνείουσα τὰ μὲν φύει, ἄλλα δὲ πέσσει.

ζόφος

darkness; gloom; the gloom 8 times

ζόφον, ζόφος

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

• ἤδη γὰρ φάος οἴχεθʼ ὑπὸ ζόφον, οὐδὲ ἔοικεν·
• πρὸς ζόφον, αἱ δέ τʼ ἄνευθε πρὸς ἠῶ τʼ ἠέλιόν τε,
• ὦ φίλοι, οὐ γάρ τʼ ἴδμεν, ὅπῃ ζόφος οὐδʼ ὅπῃ ἠώς,

ζυγόν

the yoke; benches; the benches 5 times

ζυγὸν, ζυγοῦ, ζυγὰ, ζυγά

accusative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun

ζυγά = the rowers' cross-benches/thwarts, not 'yokes' in this nautical sense.

• οἱ δὲ πανημέριοι σεῖον ζυγὸν ἀμφὶς ἔχοντες.
• οἱ δʼ ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ ἱδρώοντας,
• νηυσὶ δʼ ἐνὶ γλαφυρῇσιν ὑπὸ ζυγὰ δῆσα ἐρύσσας.

ζώνη

belt; a girdle; girdle 3 times

ζώνην

'loosing the girdle' is a standard Homeric euphemism for taking a woman's virginity.

• λεπτὸν καὶ χαρίεν, περὶ δὲ ζώνην βάλετʼ ἰξυῖ
• λεπτὸν καὶ χαρίεν, περὶ δὲ ζώνην βάλετʼ ἰξυῖ
• λῦσε δὲ παρθενίην ζώνην, κατὰ δʼ ὕπνον ἔχευεν.

ζώννυμι

gird yourself; girded himself; girding 4 times

ζῶσαι, ζώσατο, ζώσαντες, ζώννυνταί

aorist imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine

Middle-sense aorist imperative: 'belt yourself for the fight,' not 'girdle someone else.'

• ζῶσαι νῦν, ἵνα πάντες ἐπιγνώωσι καὶ οἵδε
• ζώσατο μὲν ῥάκεσιν περὶ μήδεα, φαῖνε δὲ μηροὺς
• ἀλλὰ καὶ ὣς δρηστῆρες ἄγον ζώσαντες ἀνάγκῃ

ζώω

to live; living; he lives 33 times

ζώει, ζώειν, ζώοντες, ζωόντων, ζώοντος, ζώουσι, ζώω, ζωέμεναι and 7 more

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ῥεῖα ζώοντες, 'living at ease,' a formulaic Homeric description of the gods' untroubled life.

• ζώει ὅ γʼ ἦ τέθνηκε· κακὸν δέ με πόλλʼ ἀποτίνειν
• ζώω, ἔπειτα δὲ παῖδες ἐνὶ μεγάροισι λίπωνται,
• ζώει ὅ γʼ ἦ τέθνηκεν. ὀδύρονταί νύ που αὐτὸν

ζωάγρια

life-price once

ζωάγρι

ζωάγρια, 'ransom/reward for a life saved' — a rare compound noun tied to this specific rescue scene.

• μνήσῃ ἐμεῦ, ὅτι μοι πρώτῃ ζωάγριʼ ὀφέλλεις.

ζωή

alive; living; livelihood 4 times

ζωὴν, ζωή

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

ζωήν used adverbially, 'alive', with κατέλειπον — accusative of state, not a direct object noun.

• τὴν ζωὴν κατέλειπον ἰὼν εἰς Ἴλιον ἱρήν.
• ἦ γάρ οἱ ζωή γʼ ἦν ἄσπετος· οὔ τινι τόσση
• εἰς Ἀΐδαο δόμους· τοὶ δὲ ζωὴν ἐδάσαντο

ζωός

alive; among the living; for the living 24 times

ζωὸς, ζωόν, ζωοῦ, ζωοῖσι, ζωούς, ζωοῖσιν, ζωοὺς, ζωὸν and 1 more

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective

ζωός 'living', contrasted poignantly with his current status as a ghost.

• ἀλλʼ ἔτι που ζωὸς κατερύκεται εὐρέι πόντῳ
• εἰ ζωόν γʼ Αἴγισθον ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἔτετμεν
• εἷς δʼ ἔτι που ζωὸς κατερύκεται εὐρέι πόντῳ.