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Words of the Odyssey · 139 headwords
Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.
λάβρος
strong once
λάβρον
λάβρος, 'violent/rushing,' describing the wind's force adverbially with the participle.
λάζομαι
took; forgetting; checked, held back 3 times
λάζετο, λελασμένος
imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine
λάζομαι, epic/poetic verb 'grasp, seize' — a Homeric alternative to λαμβάνω.
λάθρῃ
secretly; in secret; by stealth 6 times
λάθρη, λάθρῃ
λάινος
stone; of stone 6 times
λάϊνον, λάινον, λάϊνοι
accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective
λάϊνοι modifies the bowls/jars from the prior line, describing the cave's stone vessels
Λάμπος
Lampos once
Λάμπον
Lampos and Phaethon, the named horses of Dawn's chariot — a rare bit of Homeric equine mythology.
λάμπω
blazing twice
λαμπομενάων
λαμπομενάων, genitive plural participle agreeing with δαΐδων, 'shining/blazing.'
λάρος
gull once
λάρῳ
λάρῳ...ὄρνιθι, dative of comparison forming the famous gull simile for Hermes's flight.
λάχεια
wooded; low-lying twice
λάχεια
λάχεια, a rare poetic epithet for a fertile/wooded island, found almost only in this formula.
λάω
gripping; gripped twice
λάων, λάε
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
λάω here means 'seize, grip fast' (of the dog's jaws holding the fawn), a rare epic verb used twice in this scene; unrelated to the separate verb of seeing.
λᾶας
stones; stone; of the stone 10 times
λάεσσι, λᾶαν, λᾶος, λᾶας
dative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun
λᾶας 'stone' — dative of material/place, epic vocab for building blocks
λᾶιγξ
pebbles twice
λάιγγες, λάιγγας
nominative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun
λᾶιγξ, a rare word for small shore-stones, found almost only here in Homer.
λαγχάνω
having gotten as his share; I would have won; fell by lot 8 times
λαχὼν, ἔλαχον, λάγχανον, λελόγχασιν, ἐλάγχανον
aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb
λαγχάνω 'obtain by lot' — the distribution of goats per ship
Λαέρτης
Laertes; of Laertes; for Laertes 31 times
Λαέρτης, Λαέρταο, Λαέρτῃ, Λαέρτην, Λαέρτεω
nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
Patronymic identifying Odysseus by his father Laertes.
Λαερτιάδης
son of Laertes; of Laertes' son; son of Laertes' 29 times
Λαερτιάδη, Λαερτιάδεω, Λαερτιάδην, Λαερτιάδης
vocative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
patronymic address to Odysseus
λαῖλαψ
with a storm; storm-blast; in a storm-blast 6 times
λαίλαπι
λαῖλαψ, a sudden squall — divine intervention halting the battle over Achilles' body
λαῖτμα
gulf; gulf/deep; gulf (of sea) 8 times
λαῖτμα
λαῖτμα θαλάσσης, 'gulf of the sea', an epic phrase for the vast open deep.
Λαιστρυγών
of the Laestrygonian; Laestrygonians; Laestrygonian 3 times
Λαιστρυγόνος, Λαιστρυγόνες
genitive singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
Genitive epithet-noun modifying Antiphates, the cannibal Laestrygonian king from Book 10's earlier episode.
Λακεδαίμων
Lacedaemon; to Lacedaemon; in Lacedaemon 10 times
Λακεδαίμονα, Λακεδαίμονι
accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun
Λακεδαίμων, i.e. Sparta, home of Menelaus and Helen, where Telemachus is visiting.
λαμβάνω
seized; taking; took 45 times
λαβὼν, λάβε, ἔλλαβε, λαβοῦσα, ἔλαβεν, λαβόντες, λαβών, λάβῃσιν and 9 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine
ἔλλαβε, aorist of λαμβάνω with the epic geminated λλ (for ἔλαβε) — a metrically useful reduplicated spelling common in Homer.
Λαμπετίη
Lampetie twice
Λαμπετίη
the other daughter of Helios, name meaning 'the radiant one.'
λαμπτήρ
braziers; the braziers 3 times
λαμπτῆρας, λαμπτῆρσι, λαμπτήρων
accusative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun
λαμπτήρ, a standing brazier/torch-stand for lighting a hall — concrete epic household detail
λανθάνω
escaped notice; escape notice; escaped notice of 32 times
λήθετ, ἔληθε, ἐλάνθανε, λάθεν, λήσει, λαθοίμην, λήσομαι, λάθοι and 18 more
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb
πῶς ἂν ... λαθοίμην (optative + ἄν) is a potential optative — 'how could/would I forget,' expressing a strong rhetorical impossibility.
λαός
of the people; the people; people 65 times
λαῶν, λαοὶ, λαὸν, λαοῖσι, λαός, λαοὺς, λαὸς, λαοῖσιν and 1 more
genitive plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
ποιμένι λαῶν, 'shepherd of the people(s)', a classic Homeric epithet for a king or leader.
Λαοδάμας
Laodamas 5 times
Λαοδάμαντα, Λαοδάμας, Λαοδάμα
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun
Vocative of address; implied head ("son") is elided, common in vocative epithets.
λαοδάμας
Laodamas 3 times
Λαοδάμα, Λαοδάμαντος, Λαοδάμαντα
vocative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
λαοσσόος
host-rousing; rouser of armies twice
λαοσσόον
accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective
λαοσσόος 'rousing the host (to battle)', a heroic epithet built from λαός + σεύω.
λαρός
most delicious; savory; tasty 3 times
λαρὸν, λαρώτατος
nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
λαρώτατος, superlative of λαρός 'pleasant to taste' — a rare epic adjective almost exclusive to describing food/drink.
λέβης
basin; cauldron; cauldrons 14 times
λέβητος, λέβητι, λέβητας, λέβης, λέβητα, λεβήτων, λέβηθ
genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
The formulaic hand-washing scene (gold pitcher over a silver basin) is a stock Homeric hospitality motif repeated before meals throughout the epics.
λέγω
lay down; telling; tell 33 times
λέγων, λέκτο, λέγε, λέξομαι, λεγώμεθα, λεξαίμην, εἰπὲ, ἐλέξατο and 11 more
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
Hortatory subjunctive λεγώμεθα, 1st person plural: 'let us not speak of these things any longer.'
λέκτρον
bed; the bed; to bed 9 times
λέκτροισι, λέκτρῳ, λέκτροιο, λέκτρονδε, λέκτρονδ
dative plural neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun; adverb
λέκτρονδε, directional -δε suffix 'to/toward the bed', common Homeric motion ending.
Λέσβος
Lesbos 3 times
Λέσβῳ
λέχος
bed; the bed; bedsteads 23 times
λέχος, λεχέεσσι, λεχέεσσιν, λέχεσσι, λεχέων, λέχει
accusative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun
Epic dative plural in -εσσιν, a formulaic ending common in Homer.
λέχοσδε
to bed once
λέχοσδε
λέχοσδε, directional -δε suffix, 'toward the bed.'
λέων
lion; lions; a lion 11 times
λέων, λέοντες, λέοντος, λέοντας, λέοντα
nominative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun
Extended epic simile begins here: a doe unwittingly beds her fawns in a lion's den, thinking them safe — a figure for the suitors' false security before Odysseus (the lion) returns and destroys them.
λείβω
shedding; poured libations; poured 10 times
λείβων, λεῖβον, λεῖβε, λεῖψαι, λείψαντε
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
Circumstantial participle explaining how he felt shame: 'shedding tears.'
λείπω
left; leaving; was left 64 times
λίπε, λιπὼν, λίπον, λιπόμην, λίπεν, ἐλείπομεν, λιπέσθαι, ἔλειπε and 29 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
λιπέσθαι, aorist middle infinitive: 'to be left as one's offspring' — Nestor's moral for Telemachus.
λεῖος
smooth 4 times
λεῖος, λείη, λείην
nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective
λειμών
meadow; meadows; a meadow 10 times
λειμῶνα, λειμών, λειμῶνες, λειμῶνι, λειμῶν
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
the asphodel meadow, Homer's realm of the dead
λεπτός
fine; narrow; delicate 10 times
λεπτὸν, λεπτά, λεπτὴ, λεπτοὶ, λέπτ
accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective
λεύσσω
as they watch; they gaze; he saw 6 times
ἐλεύσσομεν, λευσσόντων, λεύσσουσιν, λεῦσσ, λεῦσσε
imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb; present active participle, genitive plural masculine; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb
λεύσσω imperfect: 'kept looking at/saw' — a friendly face amid rivals
λευγαλέος
wretched; grievous; pitiful 9 times
λευγαλέῳ, λευγαλέοι, λευγαλέοισι, λευγαλέοισιν
dative singular masculine adjective; dative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective
epic form λευγαλέῳ stacks with πτωχῷ for pathos before the epithet-like ἠδὲ γέροντι.
Λευκάς
White once
Λευκάδα
Λευκάδα πέτρην 'the White Rock', a landmark on the mythic road to the underworld.
λευκαίνω
whitened once
λεύκαινον
λεύκαινον vividly pictures oar-strokes churning the sea white with foam.
λευκός
white; clear; bright, clear 28 times
λευκὰ, λευκῷ, λεύκ, λευκὸν, λευκὴ, λευκοί, λευκόν, λευκοῖο and 2 more
accusative plural neuter adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
'White bones' is a formulaic Homeric phrase for bones after cremation.
Λευκοθέα
Leucothea once
Λευκοθέη
Ino's divine name after her transformation into a sea-goddess.
λευκώλενος
white-armed 11 times
λευκώλενος, λευκώλενοι, λευκώλενον, λευκωλένῳ
nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective; vocative plural feminine adjective
λευκώλενος, a formulaic epithet for noble women in Homer, marking Nausicaa's high status and beauty.
λήγω
left off; to cease; I would cease 3 times
λήξειεν, λήξειν, λήξαιμι
aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb; future active infinitive; aorist active optative, 1st singular verb
Optative of repeated past action ('whenever he would stop') — the iterative optative.
Λῆμνος
Lemnos; of Lemnos 3 times
Λῆμνον, Λήμνου
accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
λῃστήρ
pirates; raiders; pirates, raiders 4 times
ληιστῆρες, ληϊστῆρσιν, ληϊστῆρσι
nominative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun
ληιστῆρες 'pirates/raiders' — Nestor's blunt hospitality-question echoes a common epic type-scene
ληίζομαι
won; will plunder back twice
ληίσσατο, ληΐσσομαι
aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb
ληίσσατο, from ληίζομαι 'to take as spoil/plunder,' underscores Odysseus winning these slaves as war-booty.
ληίς
plunder; spoil; of the spoil 7 times
ληίδος, ληΐδος, ληΐδα, ληίδ
genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
ληίστωρ
pirate once
ληΐστορες
ληίστωρ 'plunderer/pirate,' underscoring the Taphians' reputation for raiding.
ληιβοτήρ
corn-raiding once
ληϊβοτείρης
Rare epic compound (grain+ravaging) coined for pig-imagery; not everyday vocabulary.
Λητώ
Leto 3 times
Λητώ, Λητὼ
nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
λίαν
exceedingly; too much; too 29 times
λίην, λίην—
καὶ λίην 'and very much so' — emphatic idiom affirming a strong yes at the start of Athena's reply.
λίγα
shrilly; clearly, loudly 3 times
λίγ, λίγα
λίγδην
grazing, glancingly once
λίγδην
λίγδην, rare adverb 'with a graze/scratch', vivid precision about the wound's shallowness
λίθος
stone; stones; a stone 11 times
λίθον, λίθος, λίθοισι, λίθοισιν, λίθοιο
accusative singular masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
λίθον: the stone Athena sets against the cave-mouth, sealing the treasure — a concrete detail signaling divine care.
λίμνη
the mere/lake; from the swell; a pool 3 times
λίμνην, λίμνης, λίμνῃ
accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun
λίμνη here is Ocean's pool, imagined as the sea's edge where dawn rises.
λίπα
richly 6 times
λίπ
λίπα 'richly/abundantly', an adverb formed from the noun for fat/oil.
λίς
smooth; linen cloth; linen cloths 4 times
λῖτα, λῖθ, λὶς, λίς
accusative singular masculine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine adjective
λίς, 'smooth, sheer'—rare adjective describing the rock's unclimbable polish.
λίσσομαι
I beg; beg; beseeching 28 times
λίσσομαι, λισσόμενος, λίσσεσθαι, λίσσεαι, λίσσοιτο, ἐλλισάμην, λίσσομ, λίσσοιτ and 8 more
present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive infinitive
Optative of deliberation: Odysseus weighing hypothetical options in his mind.
λίστρον
with shovels once
λίστροισιν
instrumental dative: tools for scraping the blood-soaked floor
λιάζομαι
slipped away; drawing back twice
λιάσθη, λιασθεὶς
aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine
λιάζομαι, 'glide/slip away' — the ghostly ease of the phantom's exit through the door-bolt
λιαρός
warm 3 times
λιαρόν, λιαρῷ
accusative singular masculine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective
λιγύς
clear-toned; shrilly; shrill 17 times
λίγειαν, λιγέως, λιγὺς, λιγέων, λιγὺ, λιγύν, λίγεια
accusative singular feminine adjective; adverb; nominative singular masculine adjective
λιγύς 'clear/shrill-sounding', regularly describes winds' whistling sound.
λιγυρός
clear-toned twice
λιγυρῇ, λιγυρὴν
dative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective
λιγυρῇ ἀοιδῇ, 'clear-sounding song' — the seductive beauty of the Sirens' voice.
λιλαίομαι
longing; you long; longs 15 times
λιλαιομένη, λιλαίεαι, λιλαίεο, λιλαιόμενοι, λιλαίεται, λιλαιόμενόν, λιλαίομαι
present middle participle, nominative singular feminine; present middle indicative, 2nd singular verb; present middle imperative, 2nd singular verb
λιλαιομένη + infinitive εἶναι: 'longing that he be,' a desiderative participle taking a complementary infinitive.
λιμήν
harbor; of the harbor; harbors 30 times
λιμένος, λιμένα, λιμὴν, λιμένες, λιμένας, λιμένι, λιμήν, λιμέν and 1 more
genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
λιμός
hunger; with hunger; by hunger 5 times
λιμός, λιμῷ, λιμὸν
nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
λιμός, 'hunger,' personified as the subject wearing down the men—vivid agent metaphor.
λιπαρός
shining; sleek; shining, gleaming 15 times
λιπαρὰ, λιπαροῖσιν, λιπαρῷ, λιπαρῶς, λιπαροῖσι, λιπαροὶ, λιπαροὺς, λιπαρὸν
accusative plural neuter adjective; dative plural masculine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective
λιπαρῶς, literally "sleekly, richly" — an epic idiom for a comfortable, well-fed old age.
λισσός
smooth; sheer 3 times
λισσὴ
λιτανεύω
pleaded, entreated; I implored twice
λιτάνευεν, ἐλλιτάνευσα
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb
λιτανεύω 'make supplication' — the formal verb for a suppliant's plea, fitting Odysseus's posture at the hearth.
λόφος
crest; hill; plume 3 times
λόφος, λόφον
nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
λόχος
ambush; the ambush; companies 9 times
λόχον, λόχος, λόχου, λόχοι
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun
λόχον: 'he set an ambush' — concrete term for a hidden band of armed men, key to the plot
λοπός
skin once
λοπὸν
λοπός 'peel, husk' gives the famous onion-skin simile for the tunic's sheen and smoothness.
λούω
bathed; having bathed; they washed 28 times
λοῦσαν, λοῦσεν, λοῦσέν, λούσαντο, λοεσσάμενός, λόεον, λούσασα, λοεσσάμεναι and 10 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb
λούσαντο middle voice, 'washed themselves', vs. active λοῦσαν (others washed them) next line
λουτρόν
baths; of baths 3 times
λοετρῶν, λοετρά, λοέτρ
genitive plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun
λουτροχόος
bath-heating; to bath-woman twice
λοετροχόον, λοετροχόῳ
accusative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective
λοετροχόος, 'bath-pourer', the servant who tended guests' baths
λοφιά
his mane once
λοφιήν
λοφιά is the ridge of bristles along a boar's back/neck — vivid physical detail of the beast's rage.
λοχάω
lying in ambush; lying in wait; lie in wait for 10 times
λοχησάμενος, λοχόωντες, λοχήσομαι, λοχόωσι, λοχῶσιν, λοχόωσιν, λοχήσας
aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative plural masculine
λοχάω 'lie in wait' — the very trick Menelaus used, disguised in sealskins
λύγος
withies twice
λύγοισιν, λύγους
dative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun
λύγος = pliant willow twigs used as rope, a real Homeric detail of shepherd craft
λύκος
wolves 3 times
λύκοι, λύκους
nominative plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun
λύω
loosed; to loose; gave way 57 times
λύτο, ἔλυσαν, λῦσαι, ἔλυσε, λῦσαί, λύθεν, λῦσε, λύει and 17 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb
imperative λῦ(ε) 'loose!' — Menelaus's command breaking off his rebuke
λυγρός
wretched; grievous; grim 31 times
λυγρὸν, λυγρὰ, λυγρά, λυγρῷ, λυγρῆς, λύγρ, λυγρόν, λυγροῖς and 2 more
accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective
λύγρα 'baleful/harmful' modifying φάρμακα, the drugs hidden in the feast.
λυκάβας
year twice
λυκάβαντος
λυκάβας, a rare poetic word for 'year/cycle of seasons' — used only here and once elsewhere in Homer, disputed etymology
λυσιμελής
limb-loosening twice
λυσιμελής, λυσιμελὴς
Epithet for sleep (ὕπνος), elided from prior line; 'limb-loosener' formula for deep sleep.
λώβη
disgrace; from outrage; insolence 7 times
λώβην, λώβη, λώβης
accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
λώβη 'outrage, disgrace' as predicate noun, strong moral judgment opening the sentence for emphasis.
λωίων
better; more profitable; more generously 5 times
λωίτερον, λώϊον, λώιόν
nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter comparative adjective; nominative singular neuter comparative adjective
λωίτερον, an old comparative form of ἀγαθός ('better'), paired with ἄμεινον for emphasis — two near-synonym comparatives stacked together.
λωτός
of lotus; clover; lotus 5 times
λωτοῖο, λωτὸς, λωτὸν
genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
Partitive genitive again with a verb of tasting (πάσασθαι) — 'some lotus,' not the whole plant.
Λωτοφάγοι
Lotus-eaters; of the Lotus-eaters; Lotus-eating 5 times
Λωτοφάγων, Λωτοφάγοισιν, Λωτοφάγοι, Λωτοφάγοισι
genitive plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
Λωτοφάγοι, a 'speaking name' compound (λωτός + φαγ-) built right into the ethnonym.
Seen once or twice
Λάμος
of Lamos once
λάξ
with the heel; with his heel, kicking twice
λάσιος
shaggy once
λάσκω
yelping once
λάχνη
beard-down once
λάχνος
fleece once
λαγῶς
hares once
Λαέρκης
Laerces once
λαῖφος
rag; rags twice
λαιμός
the throat once
Λαιστρυγονία
of the Laestrygonians once
Λαιστρυγονίη
Laestrygonian once
λακτίζω
kicking twice
λαμπετάω
blazing once
λαμπρός
bright once
Λαπίθαι
the Lapiths once
λαύρα
a passage; of the passage twice
λέσχη
lounging-place once
λεαίνω
smoothed once
Λειώδης
Leiodes twice
λειώδης
Leiodes once
Λειώκριτος
Leiocritus twice
λεύκη
white once
λευρός
level once
Λήδη
Leda once
λήιον
crop once
λήκυθος
flask twice
λίθαξ
stony once
λίθεος
of stone once
λίνον
with thread; linen sheet twice
λίνος
linen sheet once
Λιβύη
Libya twice
λιγύφθογγος
clear-voiced once
λιθάς
stones twice
λικριφίς
sideways once
λιστρεύω
hoeing once
λιτή
and entreaties once
λόγος
words once
λόχμη
a thicket once
λόχονδε
for ambush once
λοιβή
libation once
λύθρον
gore once
λύσις
release once
λύχνον
lamp once
λυπρός
poor once
λώπη
cloak once
λωβεύω
do you mock; I mock twice
λωφάω
would find relief once
The particulars
- The words
- Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
- Translation
- Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Data
- JSON · A guide for agents