Words of the Odyssey 1732 Studios

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Words of the Odyssey · 139 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

λάβρος

strong once

λάβρον

λάβρος, 'violent/rushing,' describing the wind's force adverbially with the participle.

λάζομαι

took; forgetting; checked, held back 3 times

λάζετο, λελασμένος

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

λάζομαι, epic/poetic verb 'grasp, seize' — a Homeric alternative to λαμβάνω.

λάινος

stone; of stone 6 times

λάϊνον, λάινον, λάϊνοι

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

λάϊνοι modifies the bowls/jars from the prior line, describing the cave's stone vessels

Λάμπος

Lampos once

Λάμπον

Lampos and Phaethon, the named horses of Dawn's chariot — a rare bit of Homeric equine mythology.

λάμπω

blazing twice

λαμπομενάων

λαμπομενάων, genitive plural participle agreeing with δαΐδων, 'shining/blazing.'

λάρος

gull once

λάρῳ

λάρῳ...ὄρνιθι, dative of comparison forming the famous gull simile for Hermes's flight.

λάχεια

wooded; low-lying twice

λάχεια

λάχεια, a rare poetic epithet for a fertile/wooded island, found almost only in this formula.

λάω

gripping; gripped twice

λάων, λάε

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

λάω here means 'seize, grip fast' (of the dog's jaws holding the fawn), a rare epic verb used twice in this scene; unrelated to the separate verb of seeing.

λᾶας

stones; stone; of the stone 10 times

λάεσσι, λᾶαν, λᾶος, λᾶας

dative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

λᾶας 'stone' — dative of material/place, epic vocab for building blocks

λᾶιγξ

pebbles twice

λάιγγες, λάιγγας

nominative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

λᾶιγξ, a rare word for small shore-stones, found almost only here in Homer.

λαγχάνω

having gotten as his share; I would have won; fell by lot 8 times

λαχὼν, ἔλαχον, λάγχανον, λελόγχασιν, ἐλάγχανον

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb

λαγχάνω 'obtain by lot' — the distribution of goats per ship

Λαέρτης

Laertes; of Laertes; for Laertes 31 times

Λαέρτης, Λαέρταο, Λαέρτῃ, Λαέρτην, Λαέρτεω

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

Patronymic identifying Odysseus by his father Laertes.

Λαερτιάδης

son of Laertes; of Laertes' son; son of Laertes' 29 times

Λαερτιάδη, Λαερτιάδεω, Λαερτιάδην, Λαερτιάδης

vocative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

patronymic address to Odysseus

λαῖλαψ

with a storm; storm-blast; in a storm-blast 6 times

λαίλαπι

λαῖλαψ, a sudden squall — divine intervention halting the battle over Achilles' body

Λαιστρυγών

of the Laestrygonian; Laestrygonians; Laestrygonian 3 times

Λαιστρυγόνος, Λαιστρυγόνες

genitive singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

Genitive epithet-noun modifying Antiphates, the cannibal Laestrygonian king from Book 10's earlier episode.

Λακεδαίμων

Lacedaemon; to Lacedaemon; in Lacedaemon 10 times

Λακεδαίμονα, Λακεδαίμονι

accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

Λακεδαίμων, i.e. Sparta, home of Menelaus and Helen, where Telemachus is visiting.

λαμβάνω

seized; taking; took 45 times

λαβὼν, λάβε, ἔλλαβε, λαβοῦσα, ἔλαβεν, λαβόντες, λαβών, λάβῃσιν and 9 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine

ἔλλαβε, aorist of λαμβάνω with the epic geminated λλ (for ἔλαβε) — a metrically useful reduplicated spelling common in Homer.

λαμπτήρ

braziers; the braziers 3 times

λαμπτῆρας, λαμπτῆρσι, λαμπτήρων

accusative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun

λαμπτήρ, a standing brazier/torch-stand for lighting a hall — concrete epic household detail

λανθάνω

escaped notice; escape notice; escaped notice of 32 times

λήθετ, ἔληθε, ἐλάνθανε, λάθεν, λήσει, λαθοίμην, λήσομαι, λάθοι and 18 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb

πῶς ἂν ... λαθοίμην (optative + ἄν) is a potential optative — 'how could/would I forget,' expressing a strong rhetorical impossibility.

λαός

of the people; the people; people 65 times

λαῶν, λαοὶ, λαὸν, λαοῖσι, λαός, λαοὺς, λαὸς, λαοῖσιν and 1 more

genitive plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ποιμένι λαῶν, 'shepherd of the people(s)', a classic Homeric epithet for a king or leader.

Λαοδάμας

Laodamas 5 times

Λαοδάμαντα, Λαοδάμας, Λαοδάμα

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun

Vocative of address; implied head ("son") is elided, common in vocative epithets.

λαοδάμας

Laodamas 3 times

Λαοδάμα, Λαοδάμαντος, Λαοδάμαντα

vocative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

λαοσσόος

host-rousing; rouser of armies twice

λαοσσόον

accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

λαοσσόος 'rousing the host (to battle)', a heroic epithet built from λαός + σεύω.

λαρός

most delicious; savory; tasty 3 times

λαρὸν, λαρώτατος

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

λαρώτατος, superlative of λαρός 'pleasant to taste' — a rare epic adjective almost exclusive to describing food/drink.

λέβης

basin; cauldron; cauldrons 14 times

λέβητος, λέβητι, λέβητας, λέβης, λέβητα, λεβήτων, λέβηθ

genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

The formulaic hand-washing scene (gold pitcher over a silver basin) is a stock Homeric hospitality motif repeated before meals throughout the epics.

λέγω

lay down; telling; tell 33 times

λέγων, λέκτο, λέγε, λέξομαι, λεγώμεθα, λεξαίμην, εἰπὲ, ἐλέξατο and 11 more

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Hortatory subjunctive λεγώμεθα, 1st person plural: 'let us not speak of these things any longer.'

λέκτρον

bed; the bed; to bed 9 times

λέκτροισι, λέκτρῳ, λέκτροιο, λέκτρονδε, λέκτρονδ

dative plural neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun; adverb

λέκτρονδε, directional -δε suffix 'to/toward the bed', common Homeric motion ending.

λέχος

bed; the bed; bedsteads 23 times

λέχος, λεχέεσσι, λεχέεσσιν, λέχεσσι, λεχέων, λέχει

accusative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun

Epic dative plural in -εσσιν, a formulaic ending common in Homer.

λέχοσδε

to bed once

λέχοσδε

λέχοσδε, directional -δε suffix, 'toward the bed.'

λέων

lion; lions; a lion 11 times

λέων, λέοντες, λέοντος, λέοντας, λέοντα

nominative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

Extended epic simile begins here: a doe unwittingly beds her fawns in a lion's den, thinking them safe — a figure for the suitors' false security before Odysseus (the lion) returns and destroys them.

λείβω

shedding; poured libations; poured 10 times

λείβων, λεῖβον, λεῖβε, λεῖψαι, λείψαντε

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Circumstantial participle explaining how he felt shame: 'shedding tears.'

λείπω

left; leaving; was left 64 times

λίπε, λιπὼν, λίπον, λιπόμην, λίπεν, ἐλείπομεν, λιπέσθαι, ἔλειπε and 29 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

λιπέσθαι, aorist middle infinitive: 'to be left as one's offspring' — Nestor's moral for Telemachus.

λεῖος

smooth 4 times

λεῖος, λείη, λείην

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

λειμών

meadow; meadows; a meadow 10 times

λειμῶνα, λειμών, λειμῶνες, λειμῶνι, λειμῶν

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

the asphodel meadow, Homer's realm of the dead

λεπτός

fine; narrow; delicate 10 times

λεπτὸν, λεπτά, λεπτὴ, λεπτοὶ, λέπτ

accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective

λεύσσω

as they watch; they gaze; he saw 6 times

ἐλεύσσομεν, λευσσόντων, λεύσσουσιν, λεῦσσ, λεῦσσε

imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb; present active participle, genitive plural masculine; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb

λεύσσω imperfect: 'kept looking at/saw' — a friendly face amid rivals

λευγαλέος

wretched; grievous; pitiful 9 times

λευγαλέῳ, λευγαλέοι, λευγαλέοισι, λευγαλέοισιν

dative singular masculine adjective; dative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

epic form λευγαλέῳ stacks with πτωχῷ for pathos before the epithet-like ἠδὲ γέροντι.

Λευκάς

White once

Λευκάδα

Λευκάδα πέτρην 'the White Rock', a landmark on the mythic road to the underworld.

λευκαίνω

whitened once

λεύκαινον

λεύκαινον vividly pictures oar-strokes churning the sea white with foam.

λευκός

white; clear; bright, clear 28 times

λευκὰ, λευκῷ, λεύκ, λευκὸν, λευκὴ, λευκοί, λευκόν, λευκοῖο and 2 more

accusative plural neuter adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

'White bones' is a formulaic Homeric phrase for bones after cremation.

Λευκοθέα

Leucothea once

Λευκοθέη

Ino's divine name after her transformation into a sea-goddess.

λευκώλενος

white-armed 11 times

λευκώλενος, λευκώλενοι, λευκώλενον, λευκωλένῳ

nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective; vocative plural feminine adjective

λευκώλενος, a formulaic epithet for noble women in Homer, marking Nausicaa's high status and beauty.

λήγω

left off; to cease; I would cease 3 times

λήξειεν, λήξειν, λήξαιμι

aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb; future active infinitive; aorist active optative, 1st singular verb

Optative of repeated past action ('whenever he would stop') — the iterative optative.

λῃστήρ

pirates; raiders; pirates, raiders 4 times

ληιστῆρες, ληϊστῆρσιν, ληϊστῆρσι

nominative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun

ληιστῆρες 'pirates/raiders' — Nestor's blunt hospitality-question echoes a common epic type-scene

ληίζομαι

won; will plunder back twice

ληίσσατο, ληΐσσομαι

aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb

ληίσσατο, from ληίζομαι 'to take as spoil/plunder,' underscores Odysseus winning these slaves as war-booty.

ληίστωρ

pirate once

ληΐστορες

ληίστωρ 'plunderer/pirate,' underscoring the Taphians' reputation for raiding.

ληιβοτήρ

corn-raiding once

ληϊβοτείρης

Rare epic compound (grain+ravaging) coined for pig-imagery; not everyday vocabulary.

λίαν

exceedingly; too much; too 29 times

λίην, λίην—

καὶ λίην 'and very much so' — emphatic idiom affirming a strong yes at the start of Athena's reply.

λίγδην

grazing, glancingly once

λίγδην

λίγδην, rare adverb 'with a graze/scratch', vivid precision about the wound's shallowness

λίθος

stone; stones; a stone 11 times

λίθον, λίθος, λίθοισι, λίθοισιν, λίθοιο

accusative singular masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

λίθον: the stone Athena sets against the cave-mouth, sealing the treasure — a concrete detail signaling divine care.

λίμνη

the mere/lake; from the swell; a pool 3 times

λίμνην, λίμνης, λίμνῃ

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

λίμνη here is Ocean's pool, imagined as the sea's edge where dawn rises.

λίς

smooth; linen cloth; linen cloths 4 times

λῖτα, λῖθ, λὶς, λίς

accusative singular masculine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine adjective

λίς, 'smooth, sheer'—rare adjective describing the rock's unclimbable polish.

λίσσομαι

I beg; beg; beseeching 28 times

λίσσομαι, λισσόμενος, λίσσεσθαι, λίσσεαι, λίσσοιτο, ἐλλισάμην, λίσσομ, λίσσοιτ and 8 more

present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive infinitive

Optative of deliberation: Odysseus weighing hypothetical options in his mind.

λίστρον

with shovels once

λίστροισιν

instrumental dative: tools for scraping the blood-soaked floor

λιάζομαι

slipped away; drawing back twice

λιάσθη, λιασθεὶς

aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

λιάζομαι, 'glide/slip away' — the ghostly ease of the phantom's exit through the door-bolt

λιγύς

clear-toned; shrilly; shrill 17 times

λίγειαν, λιγέως, λιγὺς, λιγέων, λιγὺ, λιγύν, λίγεια

accusative singular feminine adjective; adverb; nominative singular masculine adjective

λιγύς 'clear/shrill-sounding', regularly describes winds' whistling sound.

λιγυρός

clear-toned twice

λιγυρῇ, λιγυρὴν

dative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

λιγυρῇ ἀοιδῇ, 'clear-sounding song' — the seductive beauty of the Sirens' voice.

λιλαίομαι

longing; you long; longs 15 times

λιλαιομένη, λιλαίεαι, λιλαίεο, λιλαιόμενοι, λιλαίεται, λιλαιόμενόν, λιλαίομαι

present middle participle, nominative singular feminine; present middle indicative, 2nd singular verb; present middle imperative, 2nd singular verb

λιλαιομένη + infinitive εἶναι: 'longing that he be,' a desiderative participle taking a complementary infinitive.

λιμήν

harbor; of the harbor; harbors 30 times

λιμένος, λιμένα, λιμὴν, λιμένες, λιμένας, λιμένι, λιμήν, λιμέν and 1 more

genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

λιμός

hunger; with hunger; by hunger 5 times

λιμός, λιμῷ, λιμὸν

nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

λιμός, 'hunger,' personified as the subject wearing down the men—vivid agent metaphor.

λιπαρός

shining; sleek; shining, gleaming 15 times

λιπαρὰ, λιπαροῖσιν, λιπαρῷ, λιπαρῶς, λιπαροῖσι, λιπαροὶ, λιπαροὺς, λιπαρὸν

accusative plural neuter adjective; dative plural masculine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective

λιπαρῶς, literally "sleekly, richly" — an epic idiom for a comfortable, well-fed old age.

λιτανεύω

pleaded, entreated; I implored twice

λιτάνευεν, ἐλλιτάνευσα

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb

λιτανεύω 'make supplication' — the formal verb for a suppliant's plea, fitting Odysseus's posture at the hearth.

λόχος

ambush; the ambush; companies 9 times

λόχον, λόχος, λόχου, λόχοι

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

λόχον: 'he set an ambush' — concrete term for a hidden band of armed men, key to the plot

λοπός

skin once

λοπὸν

λοπός 'peel, husk' gives the famous onion-skin simile for the tunic's sheen and smoothness.

λούω

bathed; having bathed; they washed 28 times

λοῦσαν, λοῦσεν, λοῦσέν, λούσαντο, λοεσσάμενός, λόεον, λούσασα, λοεσσάμεναι and 10 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb

λούσαντο middle voice, 'washed themselves', vs. active λοῦσαν (others washed them) next line

λουτροχόος

bath-heating; to bath-woman twice

λοετροχόον, λοετροχόῳ

accusative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective

λοετροχόος, 'bath-pourer', the servant who tended guests' baths

λοφιά

his mane once

λοφιήν

λοφιά is the ridge of bristles along a boar's back/neck — vivid physical detail of the beast's rage.

λοχάω

lying in ambush; lying in wait; lie in wait for 10 times

λοχησάμενος, λοχόωντες, λοχήσομαι, λοχόωσι, λοχῶσιν, λοχόωσιν, λοχήσας

aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative plural masculine

λοχάω 'lie in wait' — the very trick Menelaus used, disguised in sealskins

λύγος

withies twice

λύγοισιν, λύγους

dative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

λύγος = pliant willow twigs used as rope, a real Homeric detail of shepherd craft

λύω

loosed; to loose; gave way 57 times

λύτο, ἔλυσαν, λῦσαι, ἔλυσε, λῦσαί, λύθεν, λῦσε, λύει and 17 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

imperative λῦ(ε) 'loose!' — Menelaus's command breaking off his rebuke

λυγρός

wretched; grievous; grim 31 times

λυγρὸν, λυγρὰ, λυγρά, λυγρῷ, λυγρῆς, λύγρ, λυγρόν, λυγροῖς and 2 more

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective

λύγρα 'baleful/harmful' modifying φάρμακα, the drugs hidden in the feast.

λυκάβας

year twice

λυκάβαντος

λυκάβας, a rare poetic word for 'year/cycle of seasons' — used only here and once elsewhere in Homer, disputed etymology

λυσιμελής

limb-loosening twice

λυσιμελής, λυσιμελὴς

Epithet for sleep (ὕπνος), elided from prior line; 'limb-loosener' formula for deep sleep.

λώβη

disgrace; from outrage; insolence 7 times

λώβην, λώβη, λώβης

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

λώβη 'outrage, disgrace' as predicate noun, strong moral judgment opening the sentence for emphasis.

λωίων

better; more profitable; more generously 5 times

λωίτερον, λώϊον, λώιόν

nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter comparative adjective; nominative singular neuter comparative adjective

λωίτερον, an old comparative form of ἀγαθός ('better'), paired with ἄμεινον for emphasis — two near-synonym comparatives stacked together.

λωτός

of lotus; clover; lotus 5 times

λωτοῖο, λωτὸς, λωτὸν

genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

Partitive genitive again with a verb of tasting (πάσασθαι) — 'some lotus,' not the whole plant.

Λωτοφάγοι

Lotus-eaters; of the Lotus-eaters; Lotus-eating 5 times

Λωτοφάγων, Λωτοφάγοισιν, Λωτοφάγοι, Λωτοφάγοισι

genitive plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

Λωτοφάγοι, a 'speaking name' compound (λωτός + φαγ-) built right into the ethnonym.

Seen once or twice

Λάμος

of Lamos once

λάξ

with the heel; with his heel, kicking twice

λάσιος

shaggy once

λάσκω

yelping once

λάχνη

beard-down once

λάχνος

fleece once

λαγῶς

hares once

Λαέρκης

Laerces once

λαῖφος

rag; rags twice

λαιμός

the throat once

Λαιστρυγονία

of the Laestrygonians once

Λαιστρυγονίη

Laestrygonian once

λακτίζω

kicking twice

λαμπετάω

blazing once

λαμπρός

bright once

Λαπίθαι

the Lapiths once

λαύρα

a passage; of the passage twice

λέσχη

lounging-place once

λεαίνω

smoothed once

Λειώδης

Leiodes twice

λειώδης

Leiodes once

Λειώκριτος

Leiocritus twice

λεύκη

white once

λευρός

level once

Λήδη

Leda once

λήιον

crop once

λήκυθος

flask twice

λίθαξ

stony once

λίθεος

of stone once

λίνον

with thread; linen sheet twice

λίνος

linen sheet once

Λιβύη

Libya twice

λιγύφθογγος

clear-voiced once

λιθάς

stones twice

λικριφίς

sideways once

λιστρεύω

hoeing once

λιτή

and entreaties once

λόγος

words once

λόχμη

a thicket once

λόχονδε

for ambush once

λοιβή

libation once

λύθρον

gore once

λύσις

release once

λύχνον

lamp once

λυπρός

poor once

λώπη

cloak once

λωβεύω

do you mock; I mock twice

λωφάω

would find relief once

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.