Words of the Odyssey 1732 Studios

δ

Words of the Odyssey · 299 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

δάκρυον

tears; with tears; a tear 60 times

δάκρυ, δάκρυα, δάκρυον, δάκρυσι, δακρυόφιν, δακρυόφι, δάκρυσ, δάκρυά and 1 more

accusative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun

δακρυόφιν, archaic instrumental-genitive ending -φιν, epic dialectal form.

δάμνημι

she subdues; is killing twice

δάμνησι, δάμναται

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

δάμνημι, an athematic -μι verb form ('subdues, tames') describing Athena's spear.

δάω

to learn; skilled, knowing; you shall learn 14 times

δαήσεαι, δέδαεν, δαήμεναι, δεδαηκότες, ἐδάην, δαῆναι, δεδάηκε, δεδάηκας and 3 more

aorist active infinitive; perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine

perfect participle of δάω 'learn' used with present sense: 'having learned' = 'skilled/knowing.' The negation ('untrained') comes from the preceding οὐ, not from δεδαηκότες itself.

δαήμων

skilled 3 times

δαήμονι, δαήμονες, δαήμονε

dative singular adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative dual adjective

δαίδαλος

a marvel once

δαίδαλον

δαίδαλον, from the same root as Daedalus, means 'a cunningly wrought thing.'

δαίζω

torn/rent; cutting up twice

δεδαϊγμένον, δαΐζων

perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular neuter; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

perfect passive participle δεδαϊγμένον, 'having been torn' - vivid image of a lacerated heart

δαίμων

a god; a divine power; a divinity 33 times

δαίμων, δαίμονος

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

δαίμων here is a vague divine agent, not a named god — 'some power' sending further troubles.

δαίνυμι

feasting; feasted; to feast 39 times

δαινύμενοι, δαίνυντ, δαινυμένους, δαίνυσθαι, δαίνυσθε, δαισάμενοι, δαινύῃ, δαίνυσθαί and 13 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine; present medio-passive infinitive

δαίνυντ᾽, imperfect of δαίνυμι 'give a feast'; note the cognate accusative with δαῖτα 'feasted a feast'

δαίς

feast; torches; a feast 49 times

δαῖτα, δαΐδας, δαιτὶ, δαιτὸς, δαῖτας, δαιτί, δαίς, δαΐδων and 3 more

accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

ἐρικυδέα δαῖτα 'glorious feast' closes the sacrificial banquet scene, a common formulaic line-ending.

δαίτη

feast; of the feast; of feasts 14 times

δαῖτ, δαιτός, δαιτῶν, δαίτης, δαίτην, δαῖτες, δαιτὸς, δαῖτα

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; genitive plural feminine noun

δαίτηθεν

from the feast once

δαίτηθεν

δαίτηθεν, an adverb with the ablatival -θεν suffix meaning 'from the feast', a compact Homeric formation.

δαίφρων

wise; wise-hearted; wise, war-minded 21 times

δαΐφρονος, δαΐφρονα, δαΐφρονι, δαΐφρων

genitive singular adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; dative singular adjective

δαΐφρων ('battle-wise, shrewd') is a recurring heroic epithet built on the war-root δαΐ- — pairs with warriors, not just Odysseus.

δαίω

kindled; are divided; is torn 12 times

δαίεται, δαιομένων, δέδαε, δεδαίαται, δαῖε, δαῖον, δαίετο, δαιόμενος and 1 more

perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, genitive plural neuter

δεδαίαται, perfect middle-passive of δαίω 'divide,' describes the Ethiopians as geographically split at the world's edge — a famous Homeric cosmological detail.

δαιδάλεος

finely-wrought; intricately wrought; finely wrought 4 times

δαιδαλέου, δαιδάλεον, δαιδαλέοισι

genitive singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective

δαιδάλεος evokes Daedalus-like craftsmanship; used of ornately worked objects throughout Homer.

δαιδάλλω

inlaying, adorning once

δαιδάλλων

Present participle describing ongoing craft work while Odysseus builds the bed.

δαιμόνιος

strange one; strange man; strange woman 9 times

δαιμονίη, δαιμόνιοι, δαιμόνι, δαιμόνιε, δαιμόνιʼ

vocative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular feminine adjective; vocative plural masculine adjective

δαιμόνιοι — vocative rebuke, half-mocking 'you strange/possessed men'

δαιτρεύω

to carve twice

δαιτρεύσων, δαιτρεῦσαί

future active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active infinitive

Future participle expressing purpose: 'stood up (in order) to carve'.

δαιτροσύνη

in carving meat once

δαιτροσυνάων

δαιτροσυνάων 'skill in carving meat at feasts' — a specialized banquet craft-word.

δαιτυμών

banqueters; for the banqueters; feasters, guests 9 times

δαιτυμόνων, δαιτυμόνες, δαιτυμόνεσσι, δαιτυμόνας

genitive plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun

δαιτυμόνων, 'banqueters' — genitive plural noun modifying ἀνδρῶν, describing the guests just departed.

δακρύω

weeping; wept; I wept 10 times

δακρύσασα, δάκρυσα, δεδάκρυνται, δακρύσας

aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

perfect δεδάκρυνται 'have been made tearful' — a state resulting from weeping, still true now.

δακρυόεις

tearful; in tears 4 times

δακρυόεντος, δακρυόεντες

genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

δακρυόεις, 'tearful', picks up the simile's emotional peak as the men swarm around Odysseus weeping.

δακρυπλώω

drift in tears once

δακρυπλώειν

vivid compound δακρυπλώειν 'to swim/float in tears' — striking metaphor for weeping

δαμάζω

overcame; overcome; overpowered 44 times

δαμάσῃ, ἐδάμασσε, δάμη, δαμῆναι, ἐδάμασσεν, δεδμημένον, δέδμητο, δαμεὶς and 18 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

δάμη is aorist passive of δαμάζω ('subdue, kill'), a common Homeric euphemism for dying in battle.

Δαμαστορίδης

son of Damastor 4 times

Δαμαστορίδης, Δαμαστορίδην

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

patronymic epithet formed with -ίδης, standard epic way to identify a hero by his father.

Δαναοί

of the Danaans; the Danaans; Danaans 12 times

Δαναῶν, Δαναοῖσιν, Δαναοὶ, Δαναοῖσι

genitive plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

τρὶς μάκαρες...καὶ τετράκις 'thrice and four times blessed' — famous Homeric formula of envy for the honored dead.

δαρδάπτω

devour twice

δαρδάπτουσιν

δαρδάπτουσιν, a vivid onomatopoeic-feeling verb for tearing/devouring, used of animals ravaging prey.

δαρθάνω

he lay down once

ἔδραθ

δαρθάνω root aorist ἔδραθ(ε), syncopated form common in Homer

δασύμαλλος

thick-fleeced once

δασύμαλλοι

δασύμαλλος 'thick-woolled' — a descriptive compound epithet, key detail for the escape-under-rams plan

δασυπλῆτις

dread once

δασπλῆτις

δασπλῆτις 'dread, terrible' is a fixed epithet almost exclusively attached to the Erinys.

δατέομαι

having divided; we divided; to devour 17 times

δασσάμενοι, δασσάμεθ, δάσασθαι, δατεῦντο, δασαίμεθα, δάσονται, ἐδάσσατ, δέδασται and 3 more

aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist middle infinitive; aorist participle, nominative plural masculine

optative + κεν, potential — the suitors' greedy fantasy of splitting the estate

δέ

and; but; then 4499 times

δ, δὲ, δέ, δʼ

particle; conjunction

αἱ...δ᾽ answers αἱ μὲν in the prior line—classic μέν...δέ 'some...others' correlation dividing the household tasks.

δέατο

seemed once

δέατ

δέατ᾽ from δέατο, a rare epic-only verb meaning 'seemed/appeared,' related to δοκέω.

δέκατος

tenth; in the tenth; on the tenth (day) 9 times

δεκάτῳ, δεκάτῃ, δεκάτην, δεκάτη

dative singular feminine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

δέμω

had been built; built; was built 6 times

δέδμητο, ἐδείματο, δείμαθ, δέμον

pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb

δέδμητο is pluperfect passive, describing a state resulting from an earlier action: 'had (already) been built high.'

δένδρεον

trees; tree; of the trees 9 times

δένδρεα, δένδρεον, δενδρέων, δένδρε

nominative plural neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun

δένδρεα is the older, uncontracted epic -εα neuter plural (from the byform δένδρεον), where later Greek uses δένδρα.

δέος

fear 10 times

δέος

nominative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun

χλωρὸν δέος, 'pale/green fear' — Homeric color-fear formula describing the physical pallor of terror

δέπας

cup; cups; with cups 28 times

δέπας, δεπάεσσιν, δέπαϊ, δέπα, δεπάεσσι, δέπαι

accusative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun

δέρκομαι

gazed; I saw; looking out, seeing 5 times

δερκέσκετο, ἔδρακον, δερκομένοιο, δεδορκώς

imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; present middle participle, genitive singular masculine

Root δέρκ- 'to see' with a flash/gleam in the eye; vivid epic verb for seeing.

δέρω

flayed; having flayed 5 times

δέρον, δείραντας, ἔδειραν

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active participle, accusative plural masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

δέρω 'flay/skin' — root of English 'tear'; concrete butchering verb.

δέσποινα

the mistress; mistress; lady 10 times

δεσποίνης, δέσποινα, δέσποιναν, δεσποίνῃ

genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

δέσποινα 'mistress of the house' honors the wife's domestic authority, not servitude.

δέχομαι

took; received; I expected 25 times

ἐδέξατο, δέξατο, ἐδέγμην, δεξαμένη, δεξάμενος, δειδέχαται, ἔδεκτο, δεξάμενοι and 5 more

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb

perfect δειδέχαται used with present force, 'greet/welcome' — formulaic Homeric usage

δέψω

kneading soft once

δεψήσας

δεψήσας, 'having kneaded/softened' — describes preparing beeswax earplugs.

δέω

bound on; they made fast; bound 34 times

ἐδήσατο, ἔδησαν, δησάμενοι, ἔδησε, δεύεται, δέδεντο, δέον, δέδετο and 9 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb

Middle voice: she bound the sandals onto her own feet.

δεδίσκομαι

pledging, toasting once

δεδισκόμενος

δεδισκόμενος describes the gesture of raising a cup in greeting/farewell.

δείδω

fearing; I fear; fear 39 times

δείσαντες, δείσας, δείδω, δείδια, δεισάντων, δείδοικα, δειδίμεν, ἔδεισαν and 9 more

aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb

δείδιμεν, perfect form with present sense ('we fear/dread'), like ἔοικα above — a recurring epic verb pattern.

δείκνυμι

showed; I will show; gesturing 15 times

δείξω, ἔδειξεν, δεῖξε, δεικνύμενος, δεῖξ, δείξειε, δεῖξον, δεξάμενοι and 1 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

aorist imperative δείκνυμι 'show!' — a direct request to Nausicaa.

δείλομαι

was sinking once

δείλετό

δείλομαι, rare verb for the sun setting; middle voice.

δείπνηστος

dinnertime once

δείπνηστος

δείπνηστος, a rare noun 'time for the meal', found almost only here in Homer.

δεῖπνον

meal; a meal; the meal 21 times

δεῖπνον, δείπνου, δείπνῳ, δεῖπνόν, δείπνοιο

accusative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun

δειδίσκομαι

greeting warmly; pledged him; greeted 3 times

δειδίσκετο, δειδισκόμενος

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

δειδίσκετο, ritual gesture of toasting/greeting with a cup

δειελιάω

after dining once

δειελιήσας

δειελιήσας, aorist participle from δειελιάω, 'having taken the evening meal'

δειλός

wretched; wretched men; of wretched 16 times

δειλοῖσι, δειλῶν, δειλοί, δείλ, δειλὲ, δειλός, δειλαί, δειλῷ and 2 more

vocative singular masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective

proverbial-sounding line: figura etymologica δειλῶν...ἐγγύαι ἐγγυάασθαι, 'wretched pledges for wretches'

δεινός

dread; terribly; terrible 38 times

δεινὸν, δεινὴ, δεινόν, δεινοῖο, δεινήν, δεινός, δεινοὺς, δεινότατός and 3 more

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

Neuter accusative δεινόν used adverbially ('dreadfully'), a common Homeric adverbial-accusative trick.

δειπνέω

might dine; having dined; he had dined 10 times

δειπνήσειαν, δείπνησε, δειπνήσας, δειπνήσαντας, δεδειπνήκειν, ἐδείπνεε

aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

Optative δειπνήσειαν continues the curse-wish begun in the prior line: 'would that they dined here for the last time.'

δειρή

necks; around the neck; neck 5 times

δειρὰς, δειραὶ, δειρῇσι, δειρῇ, δειρῆς

accusative plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun

δειρῇ βάλλ᾽: 'threw (her arms) around his neck' — object χεῖρας split off in previous line, a common Homeric enjambment.

δειροτομέω

to cut the throat of once

δειροτομῆσαι

δειροτομῆσαι, a grim, concrete compound (δειρή 'neck/throat' + τέμνω 'cut') for slaughter.

δεκάς

a ten once

δεκὰς

δεκὰς 'a group of ten' — Telemachus is counting them out in tens.

δεκάτη

tenth (day); on the tenth twice

δεκάτῃ

Dative of time-when, no preposition needed: 'on the tenth'.

δεξιός

on the right; right; to the right 10 times

δεξιὸς, δεξιὸν, δεξιὼ, δεξιοί

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative dual masculine adjective

δεξιώ dual, an omen-word: flying right was a favorable sign in Greek augury

δεξιτερός

right; right (hand); with his right hand 7 times

δεξιτερὴν, δεξιτερῆφι, δεξιτερῇ, δεξιτερήν

accusative singular feminine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

δεξιτερῆφι uses the old instrumental -φι ending, common in Homeric formulas.

δεσμός

bonds; chains; chain 23 times

δεσμὸν, δεσμῷ, δεσμοῖσι, δεσμοὶ, δεσμοῖο, δεσμοὺς, δεσμὸς, δεσμοῖς and 2 more

accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

δεσμῷ ... δήσατ᾽ (next line) is split across lines, a striking enjambment building suspense before the mast-binding scene.

δεύτατος

last twice

δεύτατος, δεύτατον

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

δεύτατος, superlative 'latest/last,' explaining why Menelaus is the last stop — he was the last Achaean home.

δεύω

you shall lack; it fell short; lacking 11 times

δεύεται, δευήσεαι, ἐδεύησεν, δευόμενον, δεύεσκον, ἔδευεν, δεῦε, δευήσεσθαι

present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

δευόμενον 'lacking' governs a genitive of the thing lacked (τευ), describing πόσιν 'a husband'.

δεῦτε

come; come here 4 times

δεῦτε, δεῦτ, δεῦθ

δεῦτε, an old imperative-like adverb of motion, 'come here', paired with ἄγε for emphasis.

δήλημα

ruin once

δηλήματα

δηλήματα νηῶν 'banes of ships' is a fixed Homeric phrase describing storm winds as ship-wreckers.

δήμιος

public; public officials; common 6 times

δήμιον, δήμιος, δήμιοι, δήμιός

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

δήμιοι 'of the people/public', describing their civic role at contests

δήω

you will find; we shall find; shall find 6 times

δήεις, δήομεν

present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active indicative, 1st plural verb

δήω, epic verb 'find' appearing only in future/present forms

δῆμος

land; the land; the people 82 times

δῆμον, δήμῳ, δῆμος, δῆμόν, δήμου, δήμοιό, δῆμός

accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

δῆνος

schemes; designs twice

δήνεα

δήνεα, 'plans, counsels' — a rare poetic word almost exclusively for divine or deeply cunning schemes.

δηθύνω

linger twice

δηθύνῃσθα, δηθύνειν

aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb; present active infinitive

subjunctive in a vivid future condition — δηθύνῃσθα 'you delay,' warning against wasting time near Scylla's rock.

δηιόω

should slay; cut down twice

δηιόῳεν, δῃωθέντες

present active optative, 3rd plural verb; aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine

present optative in the same hypothetical protasis, matching the published translation's "should cut down with bronze" — not a completed past action.

δηιοτής

war; carnage, battle; struggle 4 times

δηιοτῆτι, δηιοτῆτα, δηϊοτῆτι

dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

δηιοτής properly means 'battle-strife', here grimly applied to being devoured

δηλέομαι

harmed; may harm; did harm 8 times

ἐδηλήσαντ, δηλήσεται, δηλήσαιτο, δηλήσατο

aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb

μή...δηλήσεται is a fear-clause (subjunctive of apprehension), 'lest someone harm you.'

δημιουργός

public workers twice

δημιοεργοὶ

δημιοεργοί, "workers for the people" — the recognized professions (seer, healer, carpenter, bard) worth inviting.

Δημόδοκος

Demodokos; Demodocus; for Demodokos 9 times

Δημοδόκῳ, Δημόδοκον, Δημόδοκος, Δημοδόκου

dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

the Phaeacian court bard, blind singer who earlier performed the tale of the wooden horse in Book 8, before Odysseus told his own story.

δι~ος

bright once

δῖαν

δῖος/δῖαν 'shining, bright' is a generic Homeric epithet applied to places as well as people.

δίδημι

let them bind once

διδέντων

διδέντων, 3rd-plural imperative of δίδημι, 'let them bind (further)' — reinforcing Circe's precaution.

δίδωμι

gave; give; I will give 230 times

δῶκε, δώσω, ἔδωκε, ἔδωκεν, δόμεναι, δοίη, δώσει, δὸς and 59 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb

Gnomic present δίδωσιν stating a timeless truth about Zeus's power over poets — theology of inspiration in a single verb.

δίεμαι

to drive out once

δίεσθαι

δίεσθαι, present middle infinitive of δίεμαι 'to chase away, drive out'.

δίζημαι

seeking; you seek; we shall seek 8 times

διζήμενος, δίζηαι, διζησόμεθ

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb; future middle indicative, 1st plural verb

διζήμενος, middle participle of δίζημαι 'seek out'

δίκαιος

just; justly; just, fair 13 times

δίκαιοι, δικαίῳ, δίκαιον, δικαίως

nominative plural masculine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

οὐδὲ δίκαιοι 'nor just', negated predicate adjective completing the string of qualities

δίκη

custom; justice; judgments 11 times

δίκη, δίκας, δίκην

nominative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

δίκη here means the customary 'way' of things, not legal justice.

δίπλαξ

double cloak once

δίπλακα

δίπλαξ names the same folded cloak Penelope described earlier, confirming her identification of Odysseus.

δίπτυχος

double fold; doubled 3 times

δίπτυχα, δίπτυχον

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

δίπτυχα: the caul fat folded twice over the thigh-bones, standard Homeric sacrifice detail.

δίσκος

with discuses; at the discus; a discus 4 times

δίσκοισιν, δίσκῳ, δίσκον

dative plural masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

δίφρος

chariot; stool; chair 20 times

δίφρον, δίφρῳ, δίφρου, δίφρος, δίφροιο

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

δίφρου, a stool/chair; ἐϋξέστου ἐπὶ δίφρου is a formulaic phrase for fine seating

δίω

he chased; I drive; feared 3 times

δίοιτο, δίωμαι, δίε

present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

optative in general/iterative relative clause: 'whatever he might chase'

δῖος

noble; bright; godlike 182 times

δῖος, δῖα, δῖαν, δῖον, δῖ, δῖοι, δίου, δίῳ and 2 more

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

δῖα is a standard Homeric epithet marking a goddess's radiance/divinity, formulaic with female divine names.

διά

through; among; apart, asunder 65 times

διὰ, δι, διά, δὶα

διά used adverbially with τινάξῃ, 'shakes apart' — intensifies the verb rather than governing a case.

διάημι

blew through; pierces through twice

διάη, διάει

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb

rare verb διάημι 'blow through'; found almost only here, epic hapax-like

διάκτορος

the guide; guide 10 times

διάκτορος, διακτόρου, διάκτορον, διάκτορε

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

διάκτορος, 'the Guide/Escort,' a fixed cult-epithet of Hermes as conductor of souls/messages.

διαγλάφω

having hollowed out once

διαγλάψασ

διαγλάφω 'scoop/hollow out' — rare verb, vivid concrete image of digging beds in sand.

διαθειόω

fumigated once

διεθείωσεν

διεθείωσεν: δια- prefix intensifies θειόω 'sulfur-fume', 'fumigated thoroughly'

διακρίνω

parted; could distinguish; kept separate 6 times

διακρινέεσθαι, διέκρινεν, διακρίνειε, διακεκριμέναι, διακρινθῆτε

future middle infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

διακεκριμέναι, perfect participle 'having been sorted apart' — the perfect stresses the resulting orderly state.

διαμπερές

continually; right through; through and through 15 times

διαμπερὲς, διαμπερές

διαμπερές, adverb 'right through', epic formula for thoroughness

διαπέρθω

we sacked; sacked; was sacked 6 times

διεπέρσαμεν, διέπραθον, διέπερσε, διεπράθετο

aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

διαπέρθω, 'utterly sack' — δια- intensifies πέρθω, total destruction of Troy

διαπράσσω

may accomplish; cutting through; I would finish 3 times

διαπρήσσωσι, διαπρήσσουσα, διαπρήξαιμι

present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist active optative, 1st singular verb

Optative διαπρήξαιμι in a potential statement: 'I would not get through telling...' — even a year wouldn't suffice.

διαπρό

clean through; straight through twice

διαπρὸ

adverb; preposition

διαπρό 'right through' emphasizes the spear passing completely through the body.

διαρραίω

will tear apart; will shatter; shatter 4 times

διαρραίσουσι, διαρραίσει, διαρραίουσι

future active indicative, 3rd plural verb; future active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb

διαρραίσει, future of διαρραίω, 'shatter/wreck utterly' — vivid, rare verb underscoring the scale of ruin threatened.

διασεύομαι

rushed through once

διέσσυτο

διασεύομαι, vivid compound verb 'darted/rushed through' the hall

διασκεδάννυμι

scattered; he would scatter 4 times

διεσκέδασ, διασκεδάσειεν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

διατμήγω

splitting apart; cutting through; I cut through 5 times

διατμήξας, διέτμαγον, διέτμαγεν

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

διατμήγω 'cut/split in two' — the fleet is divided by the storm.

διατρίβω

delays; hinder; delay 4 times

διατρίβῃσιν, διατρίβουσιν, διατρίβωμεν, διατρίβω

present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb

διατρίβῃσιν, subjunctive with κεν after ὄφρα expressing an indefinite future condition ('as long as she keeps delaying').

διατρύγιος

ripening in turn once

διατρύγιος

διατρύγιος 'bearing fruit at different times,' a rare epithet for staggered vine harvests.

διαφράζω

had instructed; had told twice

διεπέφραδε

διαφράζω 'explain thoroughly'; pluperfect-like sense marks the instructing as complete before she left

διδάσκω

taught; are teaching; we taught 4 times

ἐδίδαξε, διδάσκουσιν, διδάξαμεν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb

Aorist 1st plural: 'we (the household) taught' them their work.

διέρχομαι

pass through; went through twice

διελθέμεν, διῆλθε

aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

epic aorist infinitive διελθέμεν, alternate ending -έμεν for -εῖν

διεῖπον

to speak through; attended to twice

διαειπέμεν, διείπομεν

aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb

διεῖπον/διαειπέμεν, "to talk fully through, discuss" — an epic infinitive of purpose.

διερός

living; nimble, swift twice

διερὸς, διερῷ

nominative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective

epic word διερός "lively/vigorous," a rare formulaic epithet for the living

διηνεκής

at length; from end to end; continuously 6 times

διηνεκέως, διηνεκέες, διηνεκέεσσι, διηνεκέα

adverb; nominative plural feminine adjective; dative plural neuter adjective

διηνεκέως, 'straight through' — 'in full detail,' the phantom refuses a complete account

διιπετής

heaven-fed; Zeus-fed, rain-fed twice

διιπετέος

διιπετής 'fallen from Zeus', epithet for the Nile — reflects belief its floodwaters came from the sky

Διιπετής

heaven-fed once

διιπετέος

Διιπετής 'fallen from Zeus/sky', a formulaic epithet for great rivers.

δικάζω

judging; judged; litigating 3 times

δικαζόμενος, δίκασαν, δικαζομένων

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine

middle voice: 'pleading one's own case' in the contest for Achilles' arms

δικασπόλος

justice-dealing once

δικασπόλον

δικασπόλος 'judgment-tending', epithet for a man who renders verdicts — Telemachus inherits Odysseus's judicial role.

δικλίς

folding doors; double-doored twice

δικλίδες

δικλίδες, 'double-folding' doors — a concrete architectural detail signaling the house's strength.

δινεύω

whirled, spun; we wandered about; twisted 6 times

ἐδίνευον, ἐδινεόμεσθα, δίνεον, δινέομεν, δινηθῆναι, δινεύων

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb

δινεύω 'whirl about, roam' — imperfect for ongoing wandering

δινωτός

inlaid, turned once

δινωτὴν

δινωτός 'well-turned/carved', describing craftsmanship on a lathe-like technique

διόλλυμι

has been ruined once

διόλωλε

perfect of διόλλυμι, emphasizing the house's ruin is now complete.

Διόνυσος

of Dionysus; of Dionysos twice

Διονύσου, Διωνύσοιο

an obscure mythic variant: Artemis kills Ariadne 'on the testimony of Dionysus', hinting at a lost tradition.

διογενής

Zeus-born; sprung from Zeus 22 times

διογενὲς, διογενὴς, διογενές, διογενῆς

vocative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective

διογενής, a stock heroic epithet ('sprung from Zeus') applied formulaically to Odysseus and other heroes.

διοιστεύω

shoots through; to shoot through; could shoot across 6 times

διοϊστεύσῃ, διοϊστεύσειν, διοϊστεύσειας, διοϊστεῦσαί

aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; future active infinitive; aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb

διοϊστεύσειας, optative + κεν 'you could shoot an arrow across' — vivid measure of how close the crags are.

Διοτρεφής

Zeus-nurtured; nurtured by Zeus 5 times

διοτρεφές, διοτρεφέες, διοτρεφέεσσι, διοτρεφέας

vocative singular neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective

διοτρεφής 'fostered by Zeus', a standard honorific epithet for kings, marking their divine-sanctioned rank.

διοτρεφής

Zeus-nurtured; nurtured by Zeus; cherished by Zeus 15 times

διοτρεφές, διοτρεφὲς, διοτρεφέος, διοτρεφέων

vocative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular neuter adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

διοτρεφής, 'fostered by Zeus', a formulaic honorific for kings, here addressed to Menelaus.

διπλόος

doubled once

διπλῆν

Predicate adjective agreeing with χλαῖναν from the previous line, describing how it was folded.

δισθανής

twice-dying once

δισθανέες

δισθανής, a striking coinage: they will 'die twice,' once now and again at their true death.

διώκω

to chase, pursue; driving on; being driven on 6 times

διώκειν, διώκοντες, διωκομένη, διωκέμεναι, διώκετο, διώκω

present active infinitive; present active participle, nominative plural masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine

conative imperfect: the attempted, not completed, action.

δμώς

slaves; servants; of the slaves 28 times

δμῶες, δμώων, δμώεσσιν, δμῶάς, δμώεσσι, δμῶε, δμῶές, δμῶ and 3 more

nominative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun

δμώς: war-captive household servant, distinct from θής, a free hired laborer — a real social distinction in Homer.

δμωή

serving-women; handmaids; serving women 46 times

δμῳαὶ, δμῳῇσιν, δμῳὰς, δμῳῇσι, δμῳάων, δμῳαί, δμῳάς, δμωαὶ and 2 more

nominative plural feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

δμῳάς modifies γυναῖκας (not a separate group) — it marks these as bound/captive household servants, i.e. 'slave-women'.

δνοπαλίζω

you'll shake out once

δνοπαλίξεις

δνοπαλίζω, rare/vivid epic verb: 'toss about, shake out'.

δνοφερός

dark; murky twice

δνοφερὴ, δνοφερὴν

nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

δνοφερός, a rare poetic word for gloom, reinforcing the concealment of the ambush.

δόλιος

cunning; treacherous; crafty 4 times

δολίης, δολίην, δόλιον, δολίοις

genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

δόλιος 'tricky' modifying craft — sets up Proteus's shape-shifting escape attempt

Δόλιος

of Dolius; of Dolios; Dolios 3 times

Δολίοιο, Δολίον

genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

Dolios is the old family servant/gardener, expected here but absent — sets up the coming scene with Laertes alone.

δόλος

trick; by guile; a trap 32 times

δόλον, δόλῳ, δόλοισι, δόλους, δόλος, δόλοισιν, δόλων

accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun

δόλῳ 'by guile/treachery' stresses the deceit central to Agamemnon's death, a recurring Odyssey theme.

δόμονδε

homeward; home 9 times

δόμονδε

δόμονδε, an adverb with the directional suffix -δε ('to/toward home'), a hallmark Homeric motion-formation not found in later Attic Greek.

δόμος

house; of the house; halls 101 times

δόμον, δόμων, δόμους, δόμου, δόμοισιν, δόμοιο, δόμοις, δόμος and 2 more

accusative singular masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

δόμοισι Ἀΐδαο, 'house of Hades', standard epic euphemism for the underworld/death

δόξα

opinion, judgment once

δόξης

ἀπὸ δόξης parallels ἀπὸ σκοποῦ: 'against (our) opinion/judgment' — paired idiom for 'off base'.

δόρπον

supper; of supper; supper, meal 22 times

δόρπον, δόρπου, δόρποιο, δόρπῳ

accusative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun; accusative singular masculine noun

Grim understatement: 'made his last supper' means the Cyclops ate the son as his final meal.

δόρυ

spears; timbers; spear 39 times

δοῦρα, δόρυ, δοῦρε, δουρὶ, δούρατα, δούρατ, δούρατι, δούρεσσι and 2 more

accusative plural neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun; accusative neuter noun

δοῦρε is a dual form, 'two spears' as one grammatical pair — dual number still productive in Homeric Greek.

δοιοί

two; twofold; double 7 times

δοιοὺς, δοιὰ, δοιά, δοιαὶ

accusative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective

δοιοί, poetic dual-sense numeral 'two', distinct from δύο

δοιώ

two twice

δοιὼ

δοιὼ, dual numeral 'two', matching the dual noun θεράποντε it modifies.

δοκέω

seems; you seem; it seems 17 times

δοκέεις, δοκέει, δοκεῖ, δόκησε, δοκέουσι

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

δοκεύω

watches once

δοκεύει

δοκεύει: 'keeps watch on/stalks', vivid verb for the constellation's vigilance

Δολίος

Dolius; of Dolios; of Dolius 9 times

Δολίος, Δολίον, Δολίου, Δολίοιο

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

Dolius: old servant, father of Melanthius/Melantho, loyal to the household

δολίχαυλος

long-socketed once

δολιχαύλους

δολίχαυλος, rare compound describing the spear's long shaft-socket

δολιχήρετμος

long-oared 6 times

δολιχήρετμοι, δολιχηρέτμοιο, δολιχηρέτμοισι

nominative plural masculine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective

Compound epithet, δολιχός 'long' + ἐρετμόν 'oar,' describing the ships.

δολιχός

long 7 times

δολιχὴν, δολιχὸν, δολιχὴ

accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

δολιχόσκιος

long-shadowing; long-shadowed 5 times

δολιχόσκιον

δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος 'long-shadowing spear' is a standard Homeric epithet-noun formula for a spear.

δολόεις

guileful; full of cunning; guileful, crafty 3 times

δολόεσσα, δολόεντα

nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective

δολόεσσα, 'full of tricks,' the recurring epithet marking Calypso as a schemer who detains Odysseus.

δολομήτης

crafty; cunning; treacherous 6 times

δολόμητιν, δολόμητις

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

δολομήτης 'crafty-minded,' a scornful epithet built on δόλος 'guile,' branding Aegisthus as a schemer rather than a warrior.

δολοφρονέων

scheming treachery; scheming; scheming, with cunning intent 3 times

δολοφρονέων, δολοφρονέουσα

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative singular feminine

δολοφρονέων 'plotting deceit' — a vivid compound participle painting Circe's intent.

δορός

leather bags twice

δοροῖσιν, δοροῖσι

δορός here for 'skin bag/sack', not the usual 'spear' sense of δόρυ — context-driven meaning.

δορπέω

to dine; we dined; were taking supper 4 times

δορπῆσαι, δορπέομέν, δορπείτην, ἐδόρπεον

aorist active infinitive; present active indicative, 1st plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb

Dual verb δορπείτην agrees with the pair τώ from the previous line.

δούλη

a slave woman once

δούλης

Megapenthes was born ἐκ δούλης, 'from a slave woman' — not by Helen, explaining her childlessness next.

Δουλίχιόδε

to Dulichium once

Δουλίχιόνδ

directional -δε suffix on a place name: 'to Dulichium', a common epic movement marker.

Δουλίχιον

Dulichium; of Dulichium 4 times

Δουλίχιον, Δουλίχιόν, Δουλιχιεύς

accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; nominative singular masculine adjective

One of the islands in Odysseus's realm, part of the Ithacan geography catalog.

δουλικίον

Dulichium once

Δουλιχίοιο

an island under Odysseus's rule; part of the suitor-tally catalogue.

δουλοσύνη

servitude once

δουλοσύνην

δουλοσύνη, abstract noun for the condition of being a slave.

δουπέω

fell with a thud; he thudded down twice

δούπησεν

onomatopoeic verb δουπέω, mimicking the heavy sound of a body hitting the ground — common in Homeric death scenes.

δουρικλειτός

spear-famed; famed for the spear; famed for his spear 5 times

δουρικλειτὸς, δουρικλυτὸς, δουρικλειτὸν

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

epithet δουρικλειτός 'famed for the spear' fixed to Menelaus

δράκων

a serpent once

δράκων

second shape in the transformation sequence, no verb repeated — implied γένετ᾽ carries through

δράω

I would do once

δρώοιμι

epic optative δρώοιμι, dialect variant of δρῴην from δράω

δρηστήρ

servants; attendants; maidservants 5 times

δρηστῆρες, δρήστειραι

nominative plural masculine noun; nominative plural feminine noun

δρηστῆρες 'servants/retainers' who accompany the suitors from Dulichium.

δρύοχοι

ship's props once

δρυόχους

δρυόχους, the wooden blocks that hold a ship's keel upright — a striking simile for how the axes stood in a line.

δρύπτω

tearing at; was stripped twice

δρυψαμένω, δρύφθη

aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

dual participle δρυψαμένω, 'the two tearing'

δρῦς

oak; of oak; oaks 7 times

δρυὸς, δρυός, δρυσὶν

genitive singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun

Proverbial phrase 'not sprung from oak or rock'—folk idiom for having real, known parentage.

δύη

by hardship; misery; of misery 4 times

δύῃ, δύη, δύης

dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

δύη, a rare poetic noun for 'distress/misery,' appears almost only in this Odyssey formula.

δύναμαι

is able; I am able; could 51 times

δύναται, δύναμαι, δυνήσεται, δύνατο, δύνανται, δύνασαι, δυνάμεσθα, ἐδύναντο and 11 more

present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

δυναμένοιο, 'being powerful' — participle used adjectivally, stressing Icarius's wealth/status as her father.

δύσζηλος

quick to take offense once

δύσζηλοι

δύσζηλος 'ill-jealous', a compound adjective generalizing about mortal touchiness.

δύσμορος

ill-fated; doomed, luckless 6 times

δυσμόρῳ, δύσμορος, δύσμορον

dative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

dative of the sufferer, agreeing with the speaker (Odysseus) - bitter irony after joy

δύστηνος

wretched; luckless; unlucky 17 times

δύστηνον, δύστηνος, δύστηνε, δυστήνοιο

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective

Vocative adjective in direct address with an implied but unstated noun (a common Homeric ellipsis); conveys Hermes' pity.

δύω

set; entered; put on 40 times

δύσετό, ἐδύσετο, ἔδυ, δῦνε, δυσομένου, δύοντα, δύσετ, δύσεσθαι and 14 more

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb

δυσομένου Ὑπερίονος, genitive absolute: 'as Hyperion (the sun) sets.'

δυάω

sank in; bring low twice

δύη, δυόωσι

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb

δύη, epic imperfect active indicative of δύω 'sink into' — grief pictured entering the heart like a weapon.

δυσαής

ill-blowing 3 times

δυσαὴς, δυσαέος, δυσαήων

nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective

δυσαής 'blowing badly' marks the West Wind as especially harmful here, unlike its usual gentle epithet elsewhere.

δυσμενέων

being hostile; in enmity 3 times

δυσμενέοντες, δυσμενέων

present active participle, nominative plural masculine; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

participle 'being hostile,' explaining the manner of Odysseus's supposed wrongdoing.

δυσμενής

hostile; enemies; hostile, enemy 15 times

δυσμενέων, δυσμενέες, δυσμενέεσσι, δυσμενέεσσιν

dative plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

δυσ- 'ill' + μένος 'intent' — men whose will is hostile

δυσμήτηρ

cruel mother once

δύσμητερ

δύσμητερ is a nonce coinage (δυσ- 'bad' + μήτηρ) found only here — Telemachus inventing a bitter epithet.

δυσώνυμος

ill-named once

δυσώνυμος

δυσώνυμος 'of evil name' — Penelope calls the coming dawn cursed, since it brings the contest that will end her waiting.

δῶμα

house; the house; halls 211 times

δῶμα, δώματα, δώματ, δώμαθ, δῶ, δώμασι, δώματος, δώμασιν and 2 more

accusative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun

δῶ is a shortened, poetic form of δῶμα used for meter.

δῶρον

gifts; a gift; gift 58 times

δῶρα, δῶρον, δώρων, δῶρ, δώρῳ, δώροισι, δῶρόν, δώροισιν

accusative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

partitive genitive picked up loosely by δώσω in the very next line—Homeric anacoluthon.

Δωδώνη

Dodona twice

Δωδώνην

famed oracle site of Zeus in Epirus, sacred oak grove where priests interpreted the god's will

δωτίνη

a gift; gift twice

δωτίνην

δωτίνη, guest-gift vocabulary distinct from ξεινήιον — reinforces the xenia theme of this scene

Seen once or twice

δάσκιος

shadowy once

δάφνη

with laurels once

δαίτης

of the feast once

δαί᾽ς

feast once

δαῖς

feasts once

δαλός

firebrand; with a firebrand twice

δαμνάω

overcomes once

Δαναός

Danaans once

δανός

dry once

δασύς

thick twice

δέκτης

a beggar once

δένδρον

trees once

δέρτρον

belly, entrails once

δέσμα

bonds; the bonds twice

δείελος

evening once

δεικανάω

greeted twice

δειπνίζω

having feasted (him); having feasted twice

δελφίς

dolphins once

δενδρήεις

wooded twice

δερμάτινος

leather twice

Δευκαλίων

Deukalion twice

Δῆλος

on Delos once

δῆλος

clear, plain once

δῆρις

a contest once

Δημήτηρ

Demeter once

δημόδοκος

Demodocus; Demodokos twice

δημόθεν

from the people once

Δημοπτόλεμος

Demoptolemus twice

δηριάομαι

contended; were quarreling twice

δηρόν

any longer, for a long time once

δίδυμος

twin once

Δίη

Dia once

δίκτυον

with net once

δίνη

eddy once

δίς

twice once

διάγω

had ferried across once

διαβαίνω

to cross once

διαδηλέομαι

tore apart once

διακοσμέω

had put in order once

διαμοιράω

divided once

διανύω

finished telling once

διαπέταμαι

flew away once

διαπλήσσω

to split once

διαπτοέω

terrified once

διαρρίπτω

used to shoot through once

διασχίζω

tore apart once

διατρέχω

they ran across; would cross twice

διαφαίνω

glowed once

διαφύσσω

drawn off; tore away twice

διερέσσω

I rowed; rowed myself along twice

διίημι

to be driven once

δινήεις

eddying twice

διοϊστεύω

shoot through once

Διοκλής

of Diocles once

Διοκλῆς

of Diocles once

Διομήδης

of Diomedes once

δισκέω

used to throw once

διχθά

in two, split apart once

διψάω

parched with thirst once

Δμήτωρ

Dmetor once

δόναξ

reeds once

δονέω

drove wild once

δούλειος

servile once

δούλιος

of slavery twice

δουλίχιος

Dulichium once

Δουλιχίης

of Dulichium twice

δουλιχίον

Dulichium once

Δουλιχιόν

Dulichium once

δουράτεος

wooden twice

δουροδόκη

spear-rack once

δρέπανον

a scythe once

δρέπω

having plucked once

δρηστοσύνη

in service once

δρίος

thicket once

δριμύς

sharp once

δρόμος

courses (for horses); the course twice

δρύινος

oaken once

Δύμας

of Dymas once

δυσηλεγής

grievous once

δυσκηδής

wretched once

δυσπονής

grievous once

δώτωρ

giver once

Δωριεύς

Dorians once

δωτήρ

givers once

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.