Words of the Odyssey 1732 Studios

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Words of the Odyssey · 244 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

τάλαντον

talents; a talent 5 times

τάλαντα, τάλαντον

accusative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun

τάλαντον: a large unit of weighed gold — a lavish bribe underscoring the scale of Aegisthus's plot

τάλας

wretched; wretch twice

τάλαν

τάλαν, vocative of abuse — Melantho's contemptuous address to the disguised Odysseus.

τάπης

coverlets; rug; rugs 6 times

τάπητας, τάπητα, τάπησι

accusative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun

A stacked catalog of bedding infinitives (θέμεναι, ἐμβαλέειν, στορέσαι) piles up domestic epic detail.

Τάφιοι

Taphian; of the Taphians; over the Taphians 6 times

Ταφίων, Ταφίοισι, Τάφιοι, Ταφίοισιν

dative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

τάφος

funeral; astonishment; funeral feast 7 times

τάφος, τάφον, τάφου, τάφῳ

nominative singular neuter noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

τάφος 'amazement, stupor' — vivid word for the shock that grips her heart.

ταλαεργός

sturdy; hardy twice

ταλαεργοὶ, ταλαεργοί

ταλαεργός 'enduring-in-work' — epithet praising mules' toughness, prized more than looks.

ταλαπείριος

sore-tried, much-enduring; much-tried; sore-tried 5 times

ταλαπείριον, ταλαπείριος, ταλαπείριοι

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ταλαπείριος: Odysseus's self-description as a suffering wanderer, echoing πολύτλας.

ταλαπενθής

grief-enduring once

ταλαπενθέα

ταλαπενθής "suffering-enduring" — rare compound adjective built on the same root as τλήσομαι.

ταλασίφρων

steadfast; enduring-hearted; steadfast-hearted 11 times

ταλασίφρονος, ταλασίφρονός

genitive singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

ταλασίφρων, 'enduring-hearted' — an epithet stressing Odysseus's patience and endurance, distinct from πολύφρων's cunning.

ταμία

housekeeper; the housekeeper; housekeeper, steward 18 times

ταμίη, ταμίην

nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

ταμίη, 'dispenser/steward' — a formal epic title for the woman who controls stores, not just 'wife'.

ταναήκης

long-edged once

ταναήκεϊ

ταναήκης, epic compound adjective 'long-edged', a stock epithet for bronze weapons.

τανηλεγής

far-outstretching; outstretching; leveling 6 times

τανηλεγέος

τανηλεγής, a rare epic compound ("long-laid-out") describing death; formulaic pairing with θάνατος.

τανύπεπλος

long-robed; of the trailing robe; trailing-robed 4 times

τανύπεπλος, τανυπέπλῳ

nominative singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

τανύπεπλος, a fixed decorative epithet for Helen: 'long-robed.'

τανύφυλλος

long-leaved; long-leafed 4 times

τανύφυλλος, τανυφύλλου

nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective

Compound epic adjective τανύφυλλος 'long-leaved,' a stock descriptor for the olive.

τανύω

drew up; strung; string it 28 times

ἐτάνυσσε, τανύσσαι, τετάνυστο, τάνυσεν, ἐτάνυσσεν, τάνυσσεν, τανύοντο, τετάνυσται and 7 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

pluperfect passive τετάνυστο, 'lay stretched/laid out' — describes resting position across the basket

ταρβέω

you feel fear; be afraid; in fear 4 times

ταρβεῖς, τάρβει, ταρβήσας

present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

ταρβεῖς completes the sentence begun in the prior line — enjambment across lines.

ταρσός

racks once

ταρσοὶ

ταρσοί, wicker racks for draining/storing cheeses — vivid domestic detail of the Cyclops's cave.

ταρφύς

again and again; thronging twice

ταρφέ, ταρφέες

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

Adverbial ταρφέα/ταρφέ' from ταρφύς 'frequent, thick-set'—describes rapid repetition (thick-and-fast), not speed; matches the published translation's 'again and again.'

ταῦρος

bulls; of bulls; bull 9 times

ταύρους, ταύρων, ταῦρόν, ταῦρος

accusative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ταχύς

most quickly; swift; more quickly 44 times

τάχιστα, θᾶσσον, ταχὺς, ταχέες, τάχιστά, ταχέας, ταχὺν, τάχισθ and 2 more

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter comparative adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

τάχιστα, superlative adverb use of the neuter plural, 'as fast as possible'.

τε

and; indeed; both 1764 times

τε, τ, θ, τέ, τʼ

particle; conjunction; enclitic connective particle

τε here is generalizing, marking a timeless relative clause typical of Homeric gnomic statements.

τέθηπα

amazed; I marveled; am amazed 5 times

ἐτεθήπεα, τέθηπά, ταφὼν, τέθηπεν, τεθηπότες

pluperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb; perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

Pluperfect ἐτεθήπεα, from the perfect τέθηπα ('I am amazed,' present in force), itself carries imperfect force here: 'I was struck with wonder.'

τέκμαρ

way out; way out/end twice

τέκμωρ

τέκμωρ 'end, means, solution' — enjambed, its verb εὑρέμεναι comes in the next line

τέκνον

child; children; young 34 times

τέκνον, τέκνα

vocative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; vocative plural neuter noun

Vocative address to Telemachus; governed by an implied verb of speaking rather than ἀγορεύσω.

τέκος

child; children; his children 15 times

τέκος, τέκεσσιν, τεκέεσσιν, τέκεϊ

vocative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun

Vocative φίλον τέκος, 'dear child' — affectionate address, elided head noun structure like l594.

τέκτων

carpenter; builders; a craftsman 5 times

τέκτων, τέκτονες, τέκτονα

nominative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

τέκτονες νηῶν, 'shipwrights,' echoing formulaic craft-vocabulary of epic.

τέλλω

was entrusted; is being fulfilled; I will bring about 4 times

τέταλτο, τελεῖται, τελέω, ἔτελλεν

pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; future indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb

pluperfect passive τέταλτο from τέλλω, 'had been laid upon/charged to' — the task fell to Odysseus

τέμενος

sacred plot; precinct; the estates 4 times

τέμενος, τεμένεα

nominative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun

τέμνω

cutting; cut; having cut 17 times

ταμὼν, τάμνον, ταμόντες, τέμνειν, τάμνετε, τάμνετο, ἔταμνεν, τάμνων and 5 more

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine

τάμνον is imperfect (unaugmented epic form of ἔτεμνον), stressing the ongoing ritual action.

τέρας

a sign; sign; portents 7 times

τέρας, τέραα

accusative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun

τέρας 'sign/portent' — the divine omens warning the crew

τέρπω

delighting; take pleasure; delighted 67 times

τέρποντο, τάρπησαν, τέρπειν, τερπώμεθα, τερπόμενοι, τέρπομαι, τέρπεο, τάρφθη and 35 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb

πίνοντά...τερπόμενόν τε, paired participles giving a vivid snapshot memory of Odysseus as guest — contrasts sharply with his current plight.

τέρσομαι

were dry; to dry; is dried 3 times

τέρσοντο, τερσήμεναι, τέρσεται

imperfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist passive infinitive; present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

τέρσομαι, aorist passive infinitive 'to be dried' — εἵματα ('the clothes') is the explicit stated subject of this infinitive, waiting to be dried by the sun.

τέσσαρες

four 11 times

τέσσαρες, τέσσαρα, πίσυρες, πίσυρές, πίσυρας, τέσσαρας

nominative plural masculine noun; accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural feminine noun

πίσυρες is the Aeolic/epic form of τέσσαρες 'four'

τέταρτος

fourth; fourth time 4 times

τέταρτον, τετάρτη

nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

τέτμον

found; overtook; had found 5 times

ἔτετμεν, ἔτετμε, τέτμεν, τέτμῃς

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb

τέτμον is an old aorist root-verb 'find, come upon,' surviving only in poetic/epic diction.

τέχνη

craft; of his craft; craft/skill 8 times

τέχνην, τέχνης, τέχνας, τέχνῃσι, τέχνῃ

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

τείνω

was stretched; were stretched; is stretched 4 times

τέτατο, τέταθ, τέταται, ταθεὶς

pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine

τέτατο, pluperfect passive of τείνω used with present force ("lay stretched") — Homeric pluperfect-as-state.

τείρω

worn down; wears down; to waste away 10 times

ἔτειρε, τειρόμενον, τείρει, τείρεσθ, τεῖρε, τειρόμενός, τειρόμενος, τείρετο

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine

present infinitive of τείρω 'wear down,' object of ἐάσατε: 'let me waste away.'

Τειρεσίης

Teiresias; of Teiresias; Tiresias 15 times

Τειρεσίαο, Τειρεσίῃ

genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

epic genitive -αο (Ionic/Homeric for -ου)

τειρεσίης

Teiresias once

Τειρεσίη

vocative direct address opening Odysseus's reply to the seer.

τεκμαίρομαι

I foretell; appoint; marked out 4 times

τεκμαίρομ, τεκμαίρομαι, τεκμήρατο

present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

Middle voice τεκμαίρομαι, 'fix/appoint' — Alkinoos speaking of his own decree.

Τελαμωνιάδης

son of Telamon once

Τελαμωνιάδαο

patronymic epithet identifying Ajax the Greater

τελέθω

grow, become; fares/turns out; prove to be 5 times

τελέθουσι, τελέθει, τελέθοντες, τελέθουσιν

present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative plural masculine

τελέθουσιν, a poetic synonym for 'to be' (εἰμί), common in gnomic Homeric statements.

τελέω

accomplish; fulfilled; bring to pass 75 times

τετελεσμένον, τελέεσθαι, τελέσειεν, τελέσαι, τελεῖται, ἐτέλεσσε, ἐτελέσθη, τελέσειε and 24 more

perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive

aorist optative of wish (with εἴθε above): 'may Zeus fulfill.'

τελευτάω

completed; will accomplish; having finished 22 times

τελεύτησάν, τελευτῆσαι, τελεύτησέν, τελεύτα, τελευτήσας, τελευτήσεσθαι, τελευτήσῃς, τελευτηθῆναι and 7 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active infinitive

aorist passive infinitive in indirect statement after φημί, with ἅπαντα as its subject accusative.

τελευτή

the completion, end; completion twice

τελευτὴν

τελευτή here means bringing the marriage to its conclusion (i.e. actually marrying); paired with ποιῆσαι in the next line, 'is able to make an end.'

τελήεις

perfect; full; complete, full 5 times

τεληέσσας

τελήεις 'perfect/complete'—describes a fully proper, ritually correct hecatomb sacrifice.

τεός

your; your own 24 times

τεὸν, τεὸς, τεοῖσι, τεοῖσιν, τεός, τεῆς, τεὴν, τεῇ

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective

τεός, an epic/Ionic possessive form of 'your' rare in later Attic prose

Τερπιάδης

son of Terpes once

Τερπιάδης

Patronymic in -άδης names Phemius by his father Terpes before his own name appears next line — Homeric delayed-apposition technique.

τερπικέραυνος

who delights in thunder; thunder-delighting; delighting in thunder 7 times

τερπικεραύνῳ, τερπικέραυνος, τερπικέραυνον

dative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

τερπικέραυνος 'thunder-delighting' — a fixed epithet of Zeus, formulaic in libation contexts.

τερψίμβροτος

gladdening mortals twice

τερψιμβρότου

τερψίμβροτος, compound epithet of the Sun, ironic given coming disaster

τετευχῆσθαι

to be armed once

τετευχῆσθαι

perfect passive infinitive, 'to be equipped/armed' — impersonal construction with ἄμεινον, 'it is better'.

τετίημαι

grieved; grieving; grieving (heart) 6 times

τετιημένος, τετιημένη

perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine

perfect participle of τετίημαι 'be troubled/grieved', with acc. of respect ἦτορ

τετράγυος

four acres; of four acres twice

τετράγυος, τετράγυον

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

τετράγυος 'of four γύαι (plow-lands)'—a concrete measurement grounding the orchard's marvel in real agricultural scale.

τετράορος

four-horse once

τετράοροι

τετράοροι, 'yoked four abreast' — an epic simile comparing the ship's speed to a chariot team.

τετραίνω

bored through; I bored through twice

τέτρηνεν, τέτρηνα

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb

τετραίνω, 'to drill/pierce' — technical carpentry vocabulary rare outside this shipbuilding scene.

τετραχθά

into four once

τετραχθὰ

τριχθά...τετραχθά, rare numeral adverbs 'threefold/fourfold,' vividly picturing shredded sails.

τεύχω

well-built; had made; prepared 83 times

τέτυκται, τέτυκτο, ἐτύχθη, ἐτέτυκτο, τετυγμένον, τετυγμένα, τεύξουσι, τετεύχαται and 29 more

pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

τεύχω 'fashion, make' used metaphorically of gods 'making' troubles — a common epic idiom for divinely caused suffering.

τεῦχος

armor; gear; weapons 31 times

τεύχεα, τεύχε, τεύχεσιν, τευχέων, τεύχεσι, τεύχεσσι

accusative plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

τεῦχος 'gear/armor' — same root as τεύχω 'craft' in l197/206, the poem's recurring theme of things well-made.

τεχνάομαι

he fashioned; having crafted; might craft 3 times

τεχνήσατο, τεχνησάμενος, τεχνήσαιτο

aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb

τεχνάομαι: 'worked skillfully', root of τέχνη, craft language

τεχνήεις

skillfully; skilled; cunningly wrought 3 times

τεχνηέντως, τεχνῆσσαι, τεχνήεντες

adverb; nominative plural feminine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

τήκω

was melting; wasting away; melting 6 times

τήκετο, τηκόμενος, τηκομένης, τῆκε

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine

Middle/passive τηκόμενος: the father 'melts' himself, i.e. wastes away from illness.

Τηλέμαχος

Telemachus; of Telemachus; to Telemachus 242 times

Τηλέμαχος, Τηλέμαχον, Τηλέμαχ, Τηλεμάχῳ, Τηλεμάχοιο, Τηλεμάχου, Τηλέμαχός, Τηλέμαχε and 1 more

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun

Vocative Τηλέμαχ᾽ elided before a vowel, addressing him directly as the speech opens.

τηλέμαχος

Telemachus; of Telemachus 4 times

Τηλέμαχον, Τηλέμαχ, Τηλέμαχος, Τηλεμάχου

accusative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

Τηλέπυλος

Telepylus; Telepylos twice

Τηλέπυλον

Telepylus, 'far-gate,' the Laestrygonian city — name hints at its remote, deadly setting.

τηλεδαπός

from far-off lands; from a far land; from far off 6 times

τηλεδαπῶν, τηλεδαπῷ, τηλεδαπός

genitive plural masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

τηλεδαπός, 'from a land far away', stressing Odysseus's foreignness as gossip fodder.

τηλεθάω

flourishing; luxuriant 5 times

τηλεθόωντα, τηλεθόωσαι, τηλεθόωσα

present active participle, nominative plural neuter; present active participle, nominative plural feminine; present active participle, nominative singular feminine

τηλεθόωσαι, uncontracted epic form of τηλεθάω (feminine), matching l114's neuter τηλεθόωντα.

τηλεφανής

visible from afar once

τηλεφανὴς

τηλεφανής, compound adjective 'far-shining/visible' — the tomb built to be seen by sailors

Τηλεφίδης

son of Telephus once

Τηλεφίδην

patronymic-style formation Τηλεφίδης, 'son of Telephus,' referring to Eurypylus

τηλίκος

of that age; of an age; of such an age 4 times

τηλίκος

τηλίκος, "so old/of such an age," pairs with implied comparison — Odysseus (as beggar) claims to be past service age

τηλοτάτω

farthest once

τηλοτάτω

Superlative adverb, 'most distant'.

τηλύγετος

late-born, cherished; late-born twice

τηλύγετος, τηλύγετον

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

τηλύγετος describes a child born late to a parent, often an only or especially cherished son.

τηύσιος

useless; fruitless, in vain twice

τηϋσίην

τηϋσίην ὁδόν, 'a fruitless journey,' is a Homeric formula for a wasted trip.

τίθημι

set; made; put 183 times

θῆκε, θῆκεν, τίθει, ἔθηκεν, ἔθηκε, θέτο, ἐτίθει, θέσαν and 47 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

Optative θείη continues Telemachus's imagined wish, part of the εἴ...θείη conditional chain.

τίκτω

bore; fathered; begot 42 times

τέκε, τέκεν, ἔτεκεν, ἔτικτε, τεκέσθαι, τεκόμεσθα, ἔτεχ, τέκοιεν and 12 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle infinitive

τέκον, aorist of τίκτω 'bear/beget' — used of both parents jointly producing the king, unusual scope for the verb.

τίλλω

tore; was plucking twice

τίλλοντό, τίλλε

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

vivid mid. voice: tearing their own hair

τίνω

will pay; avenged; paying 26 times

ἐτίσατο, τίσασθαι, τίσω, τισόμεθ, τίσαιτο, τίσεται, τίνων, ἔτισ and 9 more

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb

present participle 'paying (it)' governed by the fine θωήν, completing the threat begun in the previous line.

τίπτε

why; what; why? 16 times

τίπτε, τίπτ, τίφθ

pronoun; adverb

τίπτε (τί ποτε, 'why ever') is a colloquial-feeling contracted interrogative common in Homeric dialogue.

τίς

why; who; of what 15 times

τί, τίς, τέων, τίνες, τεῦ

irregular; accusative singular neuter pronoun; genitive plural masculine pronoun

Epic genitive τεῦ = τίνος, interrogative 'whose?'; it is accented and NOT enclitic — the enclitic form (unaccented τευ) is reserved for the indefinite 'someone's,' which is not the sense here.

τίω

honored; honor; honors 19 times

τίει, τίεν, τιέμεν, τίεσκον, τίεται, τετιμένον, ἐτίομεν, τετιμένος and 6 more

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

τίω 'honor, pay heed to' — root of the noun τίσις two words later, a pointed echo

τιθαιβώσσω

store honey once

τιθαιβώσσουσι

τιθαιβώσσουσι, rare verb specific to bees storing honey in combs

Τιθωνός

Tithonus once

Τιθωνοῖο

mortal husband of Dawn, granted immortality but not eternal youth

τιμάω

honored; will honor; is honored 8 times

ἐτίμα, τιμήσαντο, τιμήσουσιν, τετίμηταί, ἐτιμήσασθ

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb

contract verb τιμάω: ἐτίμα < ἐτίμαε, α+ε→α

τιμήεις

precious; more honored; most precious 8 times

τιμηέστατόν, τιμῆεν, τιμηέστερος, τιμήεντος, τιμήεντα, τιμήεις, τιμήεσσα

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

τιμήεις 'held in honor, prized' — predicate adjective with ἔσομαι.

τινάσσω

shakes; shook; is shaken 6 times

τινάξῃ, τιναξάσθην, τινάσσεται, ἐτίνασσε, τινάσσοντας

aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

dual verb τιναξάσθην, 'the two shook'

τις

anyone; someone; at all 750 times

τις, τι, τίς, τί, τιν, τινα, τευ, τινά and 17 more

nominative singular masculine pronoun; accusative singular neuter pronoun; nominative singular feminine pronoun

οὔ τι reinforces the negation — 'nothing at all,' emphatic double negative typical of Homeric style.

τιταίνω

spread wide; drew up; straining 4 times

τιταινομένω, ἐτίταινε, τιταινόμενος, τιταίνοιτ

present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

Potential optative τιταίνοιτ᾽ with κε — rhetorical question implying 'no one would/should.'

τιτρώσκω

you wound; wound; is wounding 3 times

τρώσητε, τρώει

aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb

aorist subjunctive after μή πως — fear-clause construction: 'lest you wound.'

τιτύσκομαι

aiming; taking aim 6 times

τιτυσκόμενος, τιτυσκόμεναι, τιτυσκομένη, τιτυσκόμενοι

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine

τιτύσκομαι 'aim, direct oneself', here of ships steering by mental purpose alone — sets up the marvel described next.

τλάω

enduring; dared; to endure 42 times

ἔτλη, τετληότι, τλαίης, ἔτλης, τλαίην, τετλάμεν, τλήσομαι, ἔτλην and 8 more

perfect active participle, dative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb

Aorist optative τλαίης with ἄν = potential 'you could bear' — a textbook Homeric potential optative construction.

τόξον

bow; the bow; bows 62 times

τόξον, τόξα, τόξου, τόξῳ, τόξων

accusative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun

Genitive modifies τανυστύος in the next line, 'the bow's stringing'; ἀποτρωπᾶσθε there governs the whole phrase.

τόσος

so much; as many; so great 55 times

τόσσον, τόσα, τόσον, τόσσα, τόσσοι, τόσσην, τόσους, τόσ and 6 more

accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

τόσσοι answers τρίς, 'three times as many'

τόφρα

meanwhile; so long; until then 29 times

τόφρα, τόφρ

τόφρα answers ὄφρα: 'as long as ... for that long', a paired correlative construction spanning two lines.

τοι

indeed; surely; truly 160 times

τοι, τοί, τοὶ

ἦ τοι (=ἤτοι) is a fixed Homeric particle pair opening a clause with emphasis ('verily, now') — not the confiding 'you know' sense τοι has in later Attic dialogue.

τοῖος

such; such a; such a one 50 times

τοῖος, τοῖον, τοίην, τοῖοι, τοίου, τοίῳ, τοῖα, τοίη and 1 more

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

predicate adj. τοῖοι agrees with ἡμεῖς: 'we are not such [men].'

τοῖχος

wall; walls; the walls 13 times

τοίχῳ, τοῖχον, τοῖχοι, τοίχους, τοίχου

dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

τοιόσδε

such; such as this; such a 17 times

τοιόσδε, τοιόσδ, τοιοῦδ, τοιόνδε, τοιούσδε, τοιήδε, τοιοίδε, τοιαίδε and 3 more

nominative singular masculine pronoun; genitive singular masculine pronoun; nominative plural masculine pronoun

τοιοῦδ' agrees with ἀοιδοῦ, resuming the bard from the prior line across the enjambment.

τοιοῦτος

such things; such; such a one 34 times

τοιαῦτα, τοιοῦτον, τοιαῦτά, τοιοῦτος, τοιούτου, τοιοῦτοι, τοιαύτη, τοιούτῳ

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

τοκεύς

parents; of fathers; for parents 18 times

τοκῆες, τοκήων, τοκεῦσιν, τοκῆε, τοκῆας

nominative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun

τοκῆε is dual — Homer marks 'two parents' with the dual noun ending, reinforced by δύω.

τολμάω

having dared; would dare; held out 5 times

τολμήσαντα, τολμήσειεν, ἐτόλμας, ἐτόλμα, τόλμησεν

aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb

ἐτόλμας 'you dared/endured' — the same steadfastness he now demands again.

τολμήεις

bold once

τολμήεις

τολμήεις 'enduring/bold' is a rare epic adjective, formulaic praise of a hardened heart.

τολυπεύω

had wound up; wound up; spin out 5 times

τολύπευσεν, τολύπευσε, τολυπεύω, τολύπευσα

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb

τολύπευσεν ('wind up, finish off') is a vivid metaphor from spinning wool, used uniquely of finishing a war.

τοξάζομαι

shot; we were shooting; to shoot bow 7 times

τοξάσσαιτο, τοξαζοίατο, τοξαζοίμεθ, τοξάζεσθαι, τοξάζεαι, τοξάσσεται

aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive optative, 1st plural verb

1st plural optative in a past general/iterative sense, 'whenever we used to shoot'

τορνόομαι

marks out once

τορνώσεται

Simile comparing Odysseus's raft-building to a professional shipwright laying a merchant vessel's keel.

τοσόσδε

so great; so many of us; so much 4 times

τοσσόνδε, τοσσήνδε, τοσσῶνδ

accusative singular neuter pronoun; accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive plural masculine pronoun

τοσοῦτος

so much; so far; as much again 4 times

τοσσοῦτον, τοσαῦτα

accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

τράπεζα

table; tables; the table 31 times

τράπεζαν, τραπέζας, τράπεζα, τραπέζῃ, τράπεζαι, τραπέζης

accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

the guest-table and hearth (l156) are invoked as sacred witnesses — a formal oath sworn on the bonds of hospitality (xenia).

τραπέω

they tread once

τραπέουσι

τραπέουσι, epic present of τραπέω 'tread (grapes)' — treading the harvest into wine.

τραχύς

rugged; rough 6 times

τρηχεῖαν, τρηχείης, τρηχεῖ, τρηχεῖα

accusative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective

τρηχείης, feminine of τραχύς 'rough' — standard epithet for rocky Ithaca.

τρέπω

turned; turn; turning themselves 18 times

τρεψάμενοι, τραπέσθαι, ἐτράπετ, τρέπε, τρέπεται, τέτραπτο, τράπεθ, τετραμμέναι and 6 more

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle infinitive; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

pluperfect passive of τρέπω: 'had been turned', vivid Homeric image of the heart physically turning toward home.

τρέφω

reared; were reared; nourished 32 times

τρέφει, ἔτρεφε, ἔθρεψε, τράφεν, ἔτρεφον, τρέφε, ἔτρεφεν, θρέψε and 12 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb

τρέφει 'nourishes/breeds' generalizing present, describing what the sea typically produces

τρήρων

timid; trembling twice

τρήρωνες, τρήρωνα

nominative plural feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

τρήρωνες, a fixed Homeric epithet for doves, 'tremblers.'

τρητός

corded; corded, pierced; bored 5 times

τρητοῖσι, τρητοῖς, τρητοῖο

dative plural neuter adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

τρητός 'pierced/perforated', describing bed-frame strung with leather thongs

τρίβω

to grind once

τρῖψαι

aorist infinitive τρῖψαι continues the purpose clause begun by τολμήσειεν

τρίγληνος

three-drop once

τρίγληνα

τρίγληνος 'with three eyes/drops' describing earring pendants — a vivid concrete epic adjective

τρίζω

squeaking 3 times

τρίζουσαι, τετριγυῖαι

present active participle, nominative plural feminine; perfect active participle, nominative plural feminine

Onomatopoeic τρίζω 'squeak, gibber' - used of ghost-cries and (below) of bats.

τρίπολος

thrice-plowed once

τριπόλῳ

τρίπολος, 'thrice-plowed,' a concrete agricultural epithet grounding the myth in real farming ritual.

τρίπους

tripod; tripods; of tripod 9 times

τρίποδας, τρίποδα, τρίποδος, τρίποδ, τρίποδι, τριπόδων

accusative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

τρίτος

third 10 times

τρίτον, τρίτος, τρίτη

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

τρίτον 'a third time' — the libation sequence is honey-milk, wine, water, a fixed ritual triad.

τριακόσιοι

three hundred 3 times

τριηκοσίοισιν, τριηκόσιοί, τριηκόσι

dative plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

τρισκαιδέκατος

thirteenth twice

τρισκαιδέκατος, τρισκαιδεκάτῃ

nominative singular masculine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

Alcinous counts himself as the 13th ruler, humbly listing himself last among the Phaeacian nobility.

Τριτογένεια

Tritogeneia once

Τριτογένεια

cult-title of Athena, meaning uncertain (perhaps 'born near Lake Tritonis' or 'true-born').

τριχάικες

three-tribed once

τριχάϊκες

τριχάικες, 'divided into three tribes' — describes the Dorian social organization.

Τροία

Troy; in Troy; from Troy 24 times

Τροίῃ, Τροίης, Τροίην

dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

τροίανδε

to Troy once

Τροίηνδε

Directional suffix -δε on Τροίηνδε means 'to/toward Troy' without a preposition.

τρομέω

to fear; tremble at; they dread 3 times

τρομέεσθαι, τρομέεις, τρομέουσι

present medio-passive infinitive; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb

τρομέεσθαι 'tremble at' — governs accusative θάνατον directly, 'to fear death.'

τροπός

thole-straps; loops twice

τροποῖς

τροπός, leather loop the oar pivoted in — realia of Homeric shipbuilding

τροφός

nurse 17 times

τροφὸς, τροφὸν, τροφοῦ

nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

τρύφος

broken piece once

τρύφος

τὸ μέν... τὸ δέ pairs off the split rock into 'one part... the other part,' a classic correlative construction.

τρύχω

worn down; are wearing down; let us waste away 7 times

τρύχουσι, τρυχόμενός, τρυχώμεθα, τρύξοντα

present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb

τρυγάω

they harvest once

τρυγόωσιν

τρυγόωσιν, uncontracted epic present of τρυγάω, 'gather/pick ripe grapes' — a technical vintage verb.

τρώκτης

a cheat, swindler; greedy rogues twice

τρώκτης, τρῶκται

nominative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

τρώκτης, 'gnawer/cheat', a pejorative term for shrewd merchant-sailors

Τρώς

of the Trojans; Trojans; the Trojans 34 times

Τρώων, Τρώεσσι, Τρώεσσιν, Τρῶες, Τρῶές, Τρωσὶν, Τρώεσσ, Τρωσί and 1 more

genitive plural noun; dative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

dative plural object with πολέμιζον: 'war against' takes dative, not accusative

τρωπάω

shifting; turned twice

τρωπῶσα, τρωπῶντο

present active participle, nominative singular feminine; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

τρωπῶσα 'turning/varying' describes the nightingale's changing song notes

τρωχάω

trotted once

τρώχων

τρώχων/πλίσσοντο with repeated ἐὺ...ἐὺ mirrors the mules' rhythmic gait in the line's sound.

τύπτω

struck; being struck; they struck 14 times

τύπτον, τυπτομένων, τύπτετε, τύπτε, τύψας

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive participle, genitive plural neuter; present active imperative, 2nd plural verb

τύπτω of oars 'striking' the sea—the standard epic image for rowing.

τυγχάνω

you may win; stands, rises; be caught 11 times

τύχησε, τυχὼν, τύχῃς, τετύχηκε, τύχοις, τετευχώς, τύγχανε, τυχήσας and 1 more

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb

τυγχάνω + genitive, 'obtain/happen upon'

τυρός

of cheeses; cheese; of cheese 6 times

τυρῶν, τυροῦ, τυρόν, τυρῷ

genitive plural masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

τυτθός

small; small, little; barely, by a little 10 times

τυτθὸν, τυτθόν, τυτθὰ, τυτθὸς

accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

τυτθόν as predicate adjective with ἐόντα: 'when you were little', describing you as a child.

Seen once or twice

Τάνταλος

Tantalus once

Τάφος

Taphos once

τάφρος

a trench once

ταμίας

steward once

ταναύπους

long-legged once

τανύγλωσσος

long-tongued once

τανυσίπτερος

long-winged twice

τανυστύς

stringing once

ταράσσω

stirred up twice

ταρβοσύνη

in fright once

Ταύγετον

Taygetus once

ταχυτής

his speed once

Τένεδος

Tenedos once

τένων

the tendons once

τέρετρον

augers; with an auger twice

τέρμα

the mark once

τειχίον

the wall; wall twice

Τεκτονίδης

son of Tekton once

τεκτοσύνη

in carpentry once

Τελαμών

of Telamon once

τελαμών

strap; baldric twice

Τεμέση

Temesa once

τερμιόεις

ankle-length once

τερπωλή

sport once

τεσσαράκοντα

forty once

τετράκις

four times once

τετράκυκλος

four-wheeled once

τετραθέλυμνος

of four hides once

τεύκω

well-wrought; built twice

Τήλεμος

Telemus once

τηκεδών

wasting sickness once

τηλεκλειτός

far-famed twice

τηλεκλυτός

far-famed once

τηλόσε

far off once

τίμιος

honored once

τίνυμαι

punishes; avenging twice

Τιτυός

Tityos; Tityus twice

τόθι

there once

τόκος

offspring once

τοῖον

so, thus; such twice

τοιοῦτον

such once

τοκάς

breeding sows once

τοσάκις

so often once

τράγος

he-goats once

τραφερός

dry land once

τρέμω

trembled once

τρέχω

runs; she ran twice

τρέω

fled in fear once

τρεισκαίδεκα

thirteen once

τρίαινα

trident twice

τρίστοιχος

in three rows once

τριχθά

into three once

τρόμος

trembling twice

Τροίη

of Troy once

τροπή

turnings once

τροχάζω

toddling once

τρύπανον

with a drill once

τρυπάω

bores once

τρυφάλεια

helmet once

τρώγω

to graze once

Τρωιός

Trojan women once

Τυδείδης

of Tydeus' son once

Τυδεύς

of Tydeus once

Τυρώ

Tyro twice

τώς

thus; so twice

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.