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Words of the Odyssey · 60 headwords
Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.
ῥᾴδιος
easily; easy; most easily 17 times
ῥηϊδίως, ῥηιδίως, ῥηΐτατ, ῥηίστη, ῥηΐδιόν, ῥηΐδιον
adverb; accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective
ῥηιδίως stresses the Cyclops's monstrous strength — moving the huge door-stone with ease
ῥάβδος
wand; with her wand; rod 10 times
ῥάβδῳ, ῥάβδον
dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
Hermes's magic ῥάβδος, tool for inducing/lifting sleep — the caduceus of myth.
ῥάκος
rags; rag; a rag, cloth 11 times
ῥάκος, ῥάκεα, ῥάκεσιν, ῥακέων, ῥακέεσσι
accusative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun
ῥάπτω
we wove; we stitched together; stitch 4 times
ῥάπτομεν, ἐράπτομεν, ῥάπτεις, ῥάπτειν
imperfect active indicative, 1st plural verb; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active infinitive
ῥάπτω lit. 'stitch/weave', a vivid metaphor for plotting harm—cf. English 'weaving a scheme'
Ῥαδάμανθυς
Rhadamanthus; Rhadamanthys twice
Ῥαδάμανθυς, Ῥαδάμανθυν
nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
mythic judge of the dead, brother of Minos, ruler of Elysium
ῥαίνω
sprinkle; are spattered twice
ῥάσσατέ, ἐρράδαται
aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb; perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb
ἐρράδαται, perfect passive of ῥαίνω 'sprinkle', vivid omen of blood on the walls.
ῥαίω
should wreck; being wrecked; wrecked 8 times
ῥαισέμεναι, ῥαίῃσι, ῥαιομένου, ἔρραιε, ῥαίοιτο, ῥαῖσαι, ῥαίσῃ
future active infinitive; present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine
ῥαίῃσι, subjunctive of ῥαίω "shatter/wreck" — Odysseus voices the future shipwreck he'll actually suffer soon.
ῥέζω
did; to offer; does 48 times
ῥέζοι, ῥέξας, ῥέξειν, ῥέξαι, ἔρεξε, ἔρεξα, ἔρεξεν, ῥέζετε and 17 more
present active optative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine
ῥέζων ἱερά ('doing sacred things') is the standard Homeric idiom for performing sacrifice — 'ῥέζω' here means 'to perform (a rite),' not just generic 'do.'
ῥέω
flowed; had flowed; flows 11 times
ῥέε, ῥύη, ῥέον, ῥέει, ἔρρεον, ῥέουσιν, ἔρρεεν, ῥέεν and 1 more
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb
imperfect ἔρρεον pictures the hair streaming off gradually as the spell reverses.
ῥεῖα
easily; easily, at ease 13 times
ῥεῖα, ῥεῖ, ῥεῖά
ῥεῖθρον
streams 4 times
ῥέεθρα
accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun
ῥήτρα
a compact once
ῥήτρην
ῥήτρα 'agreement/pact' — Odysseus proposes a wager to prove his claim
ῥῆγος
blankets; coverlets; rug 13 times
ῥήγεα, ῥῆγός, ῥήγεϊ, ῥήγεσσι
accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun
ῥήγεα, thick woven coverlets — a mark of household wealth in Homeric hospitality scenes
ῥηγμίν
breaking surf; surf; the breaking surf 10 times
ῥηγμῖνι
ῥηγμίν = the line where waves break on shore; vivid image of sleeping right at the tideline.
ῥηξήνωρ
breaker of men once
ῥηξήνορος
ῥηξήνωρ, 'breaker of men's ranks,' is a recurring Homeric epithet of Achilles (also Od. 11.467, 24.15), not unique to this line.
ῥηξηνορία
power to break ranks once
ῥηξηνορίην
ῥηξηνορίη, 'man-breaking' compound noun, a striking Homeric abstract coined from ῥήγνυμι + ἀνήρ.
ῥίγιον
colder, harsher once
ῥίγιον
ῥίγιον, comparative 'more chilling' — predicate after ἔσται 'it will be'.
ῥίζα
roots; at the root; the roots 4 times
ῥίζαι, ῥίζῃ, ῥίζης
nominative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
ῥίζαι 'roots' of the eye — anatomical-poetic image, roots of the eyeball crackling.
ῥίμφα
swiftly 5 times
ῥίμφα
ῥίπτω
threw; would fling; flung 6 times
ἔρριψε, ῥίπτασκε, ἔρριψεν
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
Iterative -σκε suffix (ῥίπτασκε) marks repeated, habitual action—'kept flinging'.
ῥίς
nostrils; nose; nostril 7 times
ῥῖνάς, ῥῖνα, ῥῖνας
accusative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
ῥῖγος
chill; more chilling twice
ῥῖγος, ῥίγιον
nominative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter comparative adjective
ῥίγιον, comparative of ῥῖγος 'cold/shudder' — used figuratively for 'more dreadful, harder to bear.'
ῥιγέω
shuddered; was shuddering 3 times
ῥίγησεν, ἐρρίγει
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
ῥιγέω 'to shudder/dread' vividly conveys Penelope's persistent fear of being deceived.
ῥιγόω
would be cold once
ῥιγωσέμεν
future infinitive ῥιγωσέμεν (epic -μεν ending) after a verb of thinking, giving indirect statement.
ῥιζόω
is rooted; rooted fast twice
ἐρρίζωται, ἐρρίζωσεν
perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb
Perfect ἐρρίζωται: the vine 'has been rooted' and stands firmly established, not merely 'was planted.'
ῥινόν
skin; a shield 3 times
ῥινὸν
accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun
ῥινόν lit. 'hide', here a leather shield—simile for the land seen far off
ῥινός
skin; hides; skins 6 times
ῥινοὶ, ῥινοῖσι, ῥινοὺς, ῥινοί, ῥινοῖο
nominative plural feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun
ῥιπή
the rush once
ῥιπῆς
ῥιπή 'swift rush/force', describing the discus's whoosh
ῥόος
stream; the current; current 11 times
ῥόον, ῥόος, ῥόοιο
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun
ῥόπαλον
club; staff, cudgel; with his club 4 times
ῥόπαλον, ῥοπάλῳ
nominative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun
ῥοδοδάκτυλος
rosy-fingered 22 times
ῥοδοδάκτυλος
Classic Homeric formula 'rosy-fingered Dawn,' repeated verbatim throughout the epic.
ῥοή
streams; in the streams 5 times
ῥοὰς, ῥοάων, ῥοῇσιν
accusative plural feminine noun; genitive plural feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun
ῥοῖζος
whistle once
ῥοίζῳ
instrumental dative: 'with a whistle' — no preposition needed in Greek
ῥύομαι
he saved / rescued; might screen; could save 8 times
ἐρρύσατο, ῥύσαιτο, ῥύσαιτό, ῥύομαί, ῥύεταί, ῥύατ, ῥύσατ, ἔρυτο
aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, third singular; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb
aorist middle optative expressing purpose, 'so that it might shield'
ῥύπος
dirt once
ῥύπα
ῥύπος, cognate with ῥυπόωντα in l87 — the poet frames the whole washing scene with the same root.
ῥυδόν
flowingly once
ῥυδὸν
ῥυδόν 'flowing, streaming' intensifies ἀφνειοῖο — wealth flowing abundantly.
ῥυπάω
filthy; I am filthy; dirty (clothes) 5 times
ῥυπόωντα, ῥυπόω
present active participle, accusative plural neuter; present active indicative, 1st singular verb; present active participle, accusative singular masculine
ῥυπόωντα, uncontracted epic form of ῥυπάω 'be squalid' — marks Laertes' degraded state.
ῥυστάζω
dragged about twice
ῥυστάζοντας
ῥυστάζοντας: vivid verb of manhandling/dragging, intensifying the outrage of the suitors' abuse.
ῥυτήρ
guardian, keeper; keeper; drawers of the bow 4 times
ῥυτῆρα, ῥυτῆρας
accusative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun
ῥυτῆρα σταθμῶν 'guardian of the steading' — a predicate role Eumaeus imagines for Odysseus, i.e. staying to mind the farm.
ῥώομαι
moved fast; rushed about twice
ἐρρώσαντο
ῥώομαι 'stir quickly' — vivid physical image of excited hurrying
ῥώψ
brushwood; twigs 3 times
ῥῶπας, ῥῶπάς
ῥωγαλέος
tattered; torn 5 times
ῥωγαλέην, ῥωγαλέα
accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective
ῥωγαλέην 'full of rents/holes' vividly describes the beggar's pouch.
Seen once or twice
ῥαπτός
patched; stitched twice
ῥαφή
stitching once
Ῥεῖθρον
Rheithron once
ῥήγνυμι
snapped once
ῥῆσις
speech once
ῥηγμίς
surf once
Ῥηξήνωρ
Rhexenor; of Rhexenor twice
ῥίον
headland; a peak twice
ῥίψ
with wickerwork once
ῥόθιος
crashing once
ῥοιά
pomegranate trees twice
ῥοιβδέω
she sucks once
ῥοχθέω
roared; roars twice
ῥυπόομαι
soiled once
ῥυστακτύς
rough handling once
ῥυτός
quarried twice
ῥώξ
vents, crannies once
ῥωπήιον
thickets once
The particulars
- The words
- Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
- Translation
- Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Data
- JSON · A guide for agents