Words of the Odyssey 1732 Studios

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Words of the Odyssey · 211 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

σάκος

shield; shields; the shield 12 times

σάκος, σάκε, σακέεσσι, σάκεσιν, σάκεσσι

accusative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun

dative of means with εἰλυμένοι: 'wrapped by/in their shields' rather than a location.

Σάμη

Same; to Same; in Same 6 times

Σάμῃ, Σάμη, Σάμηνδ

dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; adverb

-δε suffix on a place name marks motion 'to Same', an old directive case

σάρξ

flesh; of flesh 4 times

σάρκας, σάρκες, σαρκὸς

accusative plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

σαίνω

fawn; fawned; fawning 4 times

σαίνωσ, σαῖνον, σαίνοντάς, ἔσηνε

present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, accusative plural masculine

Present participle: the dogs' fawning is simultaneous with what Odysseus perceives (νόησε).

σανίς

door-planks; doors, panels; platform 7 times

σανίδες, σανίδεσσιν, σανίδος, σανίδας

nominative plural feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

σανίς: a raised wooden board/step, here elevating the chests off the floor.

σαοφροσύνη

good sense; in prudence twice

σαοφροσύνης, σαοφροσύνῃσι

genitive singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun

σαοφροσύνης, genitive of the goal after ἐπιβαίνω 'set foot on/upon'

σαρδάνιος

sardonic once

σαρδάνιον

σαρδάνιος, origin of English 'sardonic' — a bitter, mirthless smile

Σειρήν

of the Sirens; the Sirens; of the two Sirens 8 times

Σειρήνων, Σειρήνοιιν, Σειρῆνας, Σειρῆνες

genitive plural feminine noun; genitive dual feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

First mention of the Sirens — the famous enchantresses of Odyssey 12.

σελήνη

of the moon; the moon 4 times

σελήνης, σελήνη, σελήνῃ

genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

σεύω

eager; sped; drove 11 times

ἔσσυτ, ἐσσεύοντο, ἐσσύμενός, σεύατ, σεῦαν, ἔσσυο, ἔσσυται, σεῦεν and 1 more

imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; present middle participle, nominative singular masculine

ἔσσυται: present middle of σεύω, 'is driven/urged,' expressing an eager impulse.

σῆμα

a sign; sign; signs 20 times

σῆμα, σῆμά, σήματ, σήματα, σήμαθ

accusative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun

σῆμα here means the burial mound/marker itself — the concrete monument the Greeks raised over a grave, not an abstract 'sign.'

σηκός

pens; from the pens; sheepfold 5 times

σηκοὶ, σηκῶν, σηκῷ, σηκούς

nominative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

σημάντωρ

a master; masters twice

σημάντορι, σημάντορές

dative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

σημάντωρ, "one who gives signals/orders," master or commander — a functional epithet-noun

σημαίνω

will make clear; to give orders; was directing 3 times

σημανέω, σημαίνειν, σήμαινε

future active indicative, 1st singular verb; present active infinitive; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

σημανέω 'signal, mark out' — Circe promises detailed guidance, not vague advice.

σθένος

strength; of strength 4 times

σθένος, σθένεος, σθένεός

genitive singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun

σίαλος

hogs; fattened 7 times

σιάλους, σιάλοισιν, σιάλων

accusative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun

σίδηρος

iron; the iron; of iron 18 times

σιδήρου, σίδηρος, σίδηρον

genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

triple τε...τε...τε polysyndeton lists the treasures — an epic cataloguing rhythm

σίνομαι

harm; used to plunder; you harm them 4 times

σίνηαι, σινέσκοντο, σίνοιτό

aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb

iterative imperfect σινέσκοντο (-σκ- suffix) marks repeated past action, 'kept raiding'

Σίντιες

the Sintians once

Σίντιας

Σίντιες, the legendary early inhabitants of Lemnos known for piracy/savagery.

σῖτος

bread; food; of food 53 times

σῖτον, σίτου, σίτῳ, σίτοιό, σῖτος, σῖτόν, σῖτός, σίτοιο

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

Genitive with a verb of tasting/partaking (ἐπασσάμεθ᾽) — partitive genitive, 'a share of.'

σιγάω

be silent; be quiet; hush 5 times

σίγα, σιγῇ

present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; present medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb

σίγα, present imperative of σιγάω, a blunt one-word command opening direct speech.

σιγαλόεις

shining; glossy; polished 15 times

σιγαλόεντα, σιγαλόεντι

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

σιγαλόεις 'gleaming, splendid' — a formulaic Homeric epithet for fine furniture.

σιδήρεος

iron; of iron 7 times

σιδήρεον, σιδήρεα, σιδηρέη, σιδήρεος

nominative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

σιδήρεος 'made of iron' — metaphor for hard-heartedness, denied here ('not iron, but full of pity').

Σιδόνιος

Sidonians; Sidonia; of the Sidonians 3 times

Σιδονίους, Σιδονίην, Σιδονίων

accusative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective

Adjective used as place name, 'Sidonian (land)', referring to Phoenicia.

Σικελός

Sicilian; the Sicels 4 times

Σικελὴ, Σικελοὺς, Σικελή

nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective

Σικελοί, a real people of Sicily — a rare Homeric geographic reference beyond the Aegean world.

σιτοφάγος

bread-eating once

σιτοφάγῳ

σιτοφάγος 'grain/bread-eating' — normal humans; the negated comparison marks Polyphemus as inhuman.

σκαιός

western once

σκαιὸν

σκαιός literally 'left-hand', used directionally for 'west' in Homeric geography.

σκέδασις

a scattering twice

σκέδασιν

abstract noun σκέδασις 'scattering, dispersal' is rare, from σκεδάννυμι

σκέπτομαι

looking once

σκεψάμενος

aorist participle σκεψάμενος, 'having glanced back'

σκεδάννυμι

scatter!; scattered twice

σκέδασον, σκέδασ

aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

σκέδασον, aorist imperative 'scatter,' vivid image of cares dispersed like a crowd or mist.

σκήπτω

leaning on a staff; leaning on staff 3 times

σκηπτόμενον, σκηπτόμενος

present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

σκηπτόμενον, middle participle: he props himself on it.

σκῆπτρον

staff; staff, scepter; scepter 9 times

σκῆπτρον

accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun

σκῆπτρον, the herald's staff placed in a speaker's hand — a formal sign granting the right to speak.

σκηπτοῦχος

scepter-bearing; scepter-bearers 5 times

σκηπτοῦχος, σκηπτοῦχοι, σκηπτούχων

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective

σκηπτοῦχος 'holding the scepter' — formulaic epithet marking kings/nobles as legitimate rulers.

σκηρίπτομαι

bracing himself; to lean on twice

σκηριπτόμενος, σκηρίπτεσθ

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive infinitive

σκηρίπτεσθαι, a rare middle infinitive 'to prop/lean oneself' — Odysseus asks for a walking staff to complete his beggar disguise.

σκίδνημι

to scatter; scatter!; scattered 4 times

σκίδνασθαι, σκίδνασθ, ἐσκίδναντο, σκίδναται

present medio-passive infinitive; present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

σκίδνημι imperfect: vivid picture of the crowd dispersing, matches the aspect of an ongoing action.

σκιά

as shadows; a shadow twice

σκιαὶ, σκιῇ

nominative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

Simile likening the ghost to a shadow/dream, a key underworld image.

σκιόεις

shadowy 11 times

σκιόεντα

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective

σκιόεντα 'shadowy' is a stock epithet for μέγαρα, evoking the dim interior of the great hall.

σκόπελος

crags; the crag; crag 8 times

σκόπελον, σκοπέλῳ, σκόπελοι, σκοπέλου, σκοπέλοισιν

accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

σκοπιά

lookout; lookout point; watch 7 times

σκοπιὴν, σκοπιὰς, σκοπιῆς

accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

σκοπός

watchman; the mark; scouts 7 times

σκοπός, σκοποῦ, σκοποὶ, σκοπὸν, σκοπὸς

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

ἀπὸ σκοποῦ 'off the mark' — idiom for speaking wide of the point; here negated, so 'not off target'.

σκοτομήνιος

moonless once

σκοτομήνιος

σκοτομήνιος, 'dark of moon,' a rare compound adjective vivid for weather description.

σκύζομαι

be angry once

σκύζευ

Present imperative μή + σκύζευ: a direct plea, 'don't be angry with me.'

σκύλαξ

puppies; of a puppy; pups 3 times

σκύλακας, σκύλακος, σκυλάκεσσι

accusative plural masculine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun

Σκύλλα

Scylla; Scylla's; of Scylla 12 times

Σκύλλην, Σκύλλη, Σκύλλης

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

Monster's name in the nominative, subject of the whole tableau that follows for 20+ lines.

σμερδαλέος

terribly; terrifying; fearfully 9 times

σμερδαλέον, σμερδαλέος, σμερδαλέη, σμερδαλέα

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

σμερδαλέος, a strong epic adjective for fearsome appearance

σός

your; your own; your own things 122 times

σὴν, σὸν, σῷ, σῇ, σῇσι, σῇσιν, σῆς, σοῖσιν and 13 more

accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective

σοῖσι is the epic/Ionic dat. pl. ending -οισι instead of Attic -οις.

Σούνιον

Sounion once

Σούνιον

Cape Sounion, the real headland SE of Athens — a bit of concrete Greek geography in the epic.

Σπάρτηνδε

to Sparta once

Σπάρτηνδε

Σπάρτηνδε: the directional suffix -δε ('to/toward') attached straight to the place name, a compact Homeric way of saying 'to Sparta.'

σπάω

drawing; snatched; plucked 5 times

σπασσάμενος, σπάσατ, σπασάμην, σπάσσασθε

aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb

σπασσάμενος: middle participle, 'drawing (his own) sword' — reflexive middle sense.

σπένδω

pouring libations; having poured libations; had poured libation 25 times

σπεῖσάν, σπείσαντες, σπείσομεν, σπείσας, σπείσῃς, σπεῖσαι, σπένδῃσθα, σπένδοντας and 6 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb

σπένδω = pour a libation, ritual wine offering before drinking

σπέος

cave; caves; the cave 35 times

σπέος, σπέσσι, σπείους, σπήεσσι, σπῆι, σπεῖος

accusative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun

σπέσσι is the epic dative plural of σπέος, built on a stem not seen in Attic Greek

σπέρχω

hurrying; rushed on; strained hard 5 times

σπέρχοιεν, σπερχομένους, σπερχοίατ, σπερχομένη, σπερχόμενός

present active optative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine; present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb

Optative in a general temporal clause (indefinite/iterative 'whenever').

σπεῖρον

a shroud; rags, cloak; the sail 7 times

σπείρου, σπεῖρα, σπεῖρον, σπείρων

genitive singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun

σπεύδω

he hastened; hastened, hurried; had hurried 5 times

σπεῦσε, σπεύδουσιν, σπευδέμεν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active infinitive

σπλάγχνον

of entrails; inner parts; entrails 6 times

σπλάγχνα, σπλάγχνων

accusative plural neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

σπλάγχνα, ritually the innards roasted and shared first among the sacrificers

σπουδή

with effort; with effort, haste; in haste 5 times

σπουδῇ, σπουδῆς

dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

σπουδῇ 'with haste/effort', dative of manner modifying the narrow escape.

σταθμόνδε

to the fold once

σταθμόνδε

-δε directional suffix on σταθμόν, 'toward the fold' — again Homer's motion-toward ending

σταθμός

doorpost; doorposts; the steading 30 times

σταθμὸν, σταθμοῖο, σταθμῷ, σταθμοῖσι, σταθμοῖσιν, σταθμοὺς, σταθμῶν, σταθμοῖιν and 2 more

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

dual number σταθμοῖιν, marking the pair of posts flanking the door — a form largely lost after Homer

σταφυλή

grape cluster; with clusters of grapes; grape clusters 4 times

σταφυλῇσι, σταφυλῇ, σταφυλή, σταφυλαὶ

dative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

σταφυλή repeated with ἐπί + dative continues the 'X upon X' formula from l120.

στέλλω

will fit out; they furled; fitting out 5 times

στελέω, στεῖλαν, στείλαντα, στεῖλα, στέλλοντας

future active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine

στείνω

were crowded; weighed down; would prove too narrow 3 times

στείνοντο, στεινόμενος, στείνοιτο

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb

στείνοιτο, 'would be cramped/too narrow'—vivid image of the doorway squeezing him in his desperate flight.

στείχω

walks; going; walked 6 times

στείχῃσ, στείχοντα, ἔστειχε, στείχῃσι, στείχοντες, στείχων

present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, accusative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

στείχῃσι: present subjunctive with ἂν, 'whenever he climbs' — generalizing/habitual clause describing the sun's daily path.

στεῖρα

barren; prow 4 times

στεῖραν, στείρῃ

accusative singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

στεῖρα is the stem/bow-timber of the ship (not the keel, which is τρόπις); dative object of ἀμφὶ in the previous line, matching the published translation's 'around the prow'

στειλειή

socket once

στειλειῆς

στειλειή is the axe-head's haft-hole; the arrow flies through the row of twelve, starting from the first.

στενάχω

groaning; they mourned; were groaning 14 times

στενάχοντα, στενάχοντες, στενάχων, στενάχοντος, στενάχοντο

present active participle, accusative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative plural masculine; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

Middle-passive στενάχοντο still takes an accusative object here (τοὺς, the lost companions): 'they grieved over them.'

στεναχίζω

I may groan; groaning; I groan 7 times

στεναχίζω, στεναχίζων, στεναχίζετο

present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 1st singular verb

στεναχίζω 'groan, resound' — vivid onomatopoeic verb for the hall's echo.

στερεός

securely; solid; harder 3 times

στερεῶς, στερεὴ, στερεωτέρη

adverb; nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine comparative adjective

στερεωτέρη + genitive λίθοιο: comparative 'harder' takes a genitive of comparison, 'harder than stone.'

στεῦμαι

he strained; he vows twice

στεῦτο, στεῦται

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

στεῦμαι, rare epic verb 'strove/made as if to'

στεφανόω

is crowned once

ἐστεφάνωται

Perfect passive of στεφανόω, vivid metaphor of sea 'crowning' the island.

στῆθος

breast; chest; breasts 53 times

στήθεσσι, στήθεσσιν, στῆθος, στήθεά, στήθεσφιν, στῆθός

dative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

στήθεσσι, epic dative plural of στῆθος used for a single chest — the plural-for-singular is a common Homeric formula.

στίβη

frost twice

στίβη

στίβη, rare Homeric word for hoarfrost/rime, paired with ὑπηοίη "of the morning"

στίλβω

gleaming once

στίλβων

στίλβων frames Odysseus as radiant, completing the gold-gilding simile's imagery.

στιβαρός

sturdy; strong; stout 12 times

στιβαρῇσι, στιβαροῖς, στιβαρόν, στιβαρῇσιν, στιβαράς, στιβαρὸν, στιβαρώτερον, στιβαρῆς and 1 more

dative plural feminine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

στιβαρός is a stock epithet for hands/limbs, 'sturdy,' recurring across Homeric formulas.

στόμα

mouth; from his mouth; the mouth 8 times

στόμα, στόματος, στόματι, στόμ, στομάτων

accusative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun

στόρνυμι

smoothed; spread out; laid on it 3 times

ἐστόρεσεν, στόρεσαν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

στόρνυμι 'spread/level' — a god flattens the sea for the crossing

στοναχή

groans; groaning; with groans 8 times

στοναχῆς, στοναχῇσι, στοναχῇ, στοναχάς

genitive singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

στονόεις

grievous; groaning; grief-laden 7 times

στονόεντα, στονόεσσα, στονόεντες, στονόεσσαν

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

στονόεις 'full of groaning/grievous' — an evocative compound describing the war-cry's sorrowful din.

στορέννυμι

spread; to spread; made up 9 times

στόρεσαν, στορέσαι, στόρεσον, στορέσας, στόρεσ

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb

Aorist infinitive of στορέννυμι, 'to spread out' (coverlets).

στρατός

of an army; army; the army 5 times

στρατοῦ, στρατὸν, στρατῷ, στρατὸς

genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

στρέφω

turned; turns; twisted around 6 times

στρεφθεὶς, στρέψαν, στρέφεται, στρέψας, στρέψ

aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

aorist passive participle - 'having turned round', describing Amphinomus's motion as he spots the ship

στρεύγομαι

to waste away once

στρεύγεσθαι

στρεύγεσθαι, a rare verb (hapax-like) meaning slow wasting death, contrasted with quick drowning.

στρωφάω

spinning; twirl 4 times

στρωφῶσ, στρωφῶσιν, στρωφῶσα

present active participle, nominative singular feminine; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb

στρωφάω 'turn/twist' — vivid domestic detail, distaff work

Στύξ

of Styx twice

Στυγὸς

The Styx-oath is the gods' own most binding oath in Greek myth — Calypso invokes the strongest possible guarantee.

στυγέω

they loathed; I would make hateful; would loathe 3 times

ἔστυγον, στύξαιμι, στυγέῃσιν

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active optative, 1st singular verb; present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb

στύξαιμι, causative aorist optative of στυγέω 'hate' — 'I would make (my strength) hated.'

στυγερός

hateful; grievous; wretchedly 25 times

στυγερὸν, στυγερὴν, στυγερὸς, στυγερῇ, στυγεροῖσιν, στυγερὴ, στυγερῶς, στυγερὰς and 6 more

accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

στυγερός marks Eriphyle's moral condemnation before her crime is even named — foreshadowing.

στυφελίζω

being beaten; he knocked, shoved; abuse 5 times

στυφελιζομένους, στυφελίζετε, ἐστυφέλιξεν

present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine; present active imperative, 2nd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

present imperative, plural command to the suitors — a direct prohibition-in-progress ('stop abusing').

σύ

you; to you; for you 924 times

τοι, σε, σὺ, σ, σοὶ, σύ, σέ, ὑμῖν and 27 more

dative singular pronoun; accusative singular pronoun; nominative singular pronoun

genitive of comparison with ἀμείνων: 'better than you,' no need for ἤ 'than.'

σύμπας

all together; to all together 4 times

ξύμπαντα, σύμπασιν, σύμπαντες

accusative plural neuter adjective; dative plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ξύμπαντα is the epic/Ionic form of σύμπας (ξ for σ), an archaic variant retained in Homer, not an 'Attic' feature — it reinforces ὅσσα with 'absolutely all.'

συβόσιον

droves once

συβόσια

συβόσια, a rare compound noun (σῦς+βόσκω) meaning specifically 'droves of swine', fitting Eumaeus's pig-herding world.

συβώτης

swineherd; the swineherd; with the swineherd 70 times

συβώτης, συβῶτα, συβώτην, συβώτῃ, συβώτεω, συβώτῃς

nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

this vocative accompanies the poem's unique second-person apostrophe to Eumaeus (προσέφης, 'you spoke'), a narrative device Homer uses only for this character

συγχέω

at breaking once

συγχεῦαι

συγχεῦαι, epexegetic aorist infinitive explaining in what respect the sea is "worse" — "worse ... for wrecking a man."

συμβάλλω

meeting; she met; meets 8 times

ξυμβλήμενος, ξύμβλητο, ξύμβληται, ξύμβληντο, συμβλήμενος, ξυμβλήτην

aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ξύμβλητο is passive in form (aorist passive) but active/reciprocal in sense, 'met with'

συμφράζομαι

devised/plotted; pondered twice

συμφράσσατο

middle voice συμφράζομαι 'plotted together with' — Proteus asks who conspired with Menelaus

συνάντομαι

meeting; met; met with 5 times

συναντόμενος, συνήντετο

present participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present middle participle, nominative singular masculine

Middle-voice συνάντομαι, "came together with" — reciprocal encounter.

συναγείρω

had gathered; gathering 3 times

ξυναγείρατ, συναγείρων

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

present participle 'gathering' frames the whole clause as background to the main verb ἠλώμην in the next line.

συναντάω

met once

συναντήτην

dual verb form matching the two subjects, herald and swineherd

συνέργω

I bound together; I lashed together; bound up 3 times

συνέεργον, συνέεργε

imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

συνήορος

companion once

συνήορός

συνήορος 'yoke-fellow, companion' — the lyre is poetically paired with feasting.

συνθέω

will run its course once

συνθεύσεται

συνθεύσεται 'will run along/succeed', vivid metaphor of a plan racing to completion

συνίημι

listen, understand; took note; mark/heed 7 times

ξυνίει, ξύνετο, ξυνέηχ

present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Genitive of the person heard/perceived, governed by ξύνετο.

συντίθημι

take to heart; caught, perceived; mark it 9 times

σύνθεο, σύνθετο

aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb

σύνθεο θυμῷ, 'lay it up in your heart' — formulaic command to remember counsel carefully.

Συρία

Syria once

Συρίη

the legendary island of Eumaeus's birth, not historical Syria

συρράσσω

has been broken once

συνέρρηκται

συνέρρηκται, rare perfect passive of συρράσσω ("shatter/dash together") — vivid metaphor for being worn down.

συφεός

pigsties; to the pigsty; of the pigsty 5 times

συφεοῖσιν, συφεόνδε, συφειοῦ, συφεοὺς, συφεούς

accusative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; adverb

συφεόνδε: directional -δε suffix meaning 'to/toward', attached to συφεός 'pigsty'.

συφορβός

the swineherd; swineherd; of swineherds 7 times

συφορβός, συφορβῶν, συφορβόν, συφορβὸς, συφορβέ

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

σφάζω

slaughtered; slaughter; cut its throat 10 times

σφάζουσι, ἔσφαζον, ἐσφαγμένα, σφάξεν, ἔσφαξαν, ἔσφαξάν, σφαζομένων

present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter

σφάζω, the ritual slaughtering verb, ties directly to sacrifice procedure.

σφαραγέομαι

crackled; were bursting twice

σφαραγεῦντο

vivid physical detail of Polyphemus's neglected flock, underscoring his distraction and grief

σφέλας

stools; footstool twice

σφέλα, σφέλας

accusative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun

σφέλας: the stool Eurymachus grabs and hurls at Odysseus after his taunts; it misses him (he ducks at Amphinomus's knees) and strikes the wine-pourer instead — not Ctesippus, who throws an ox-hoof later in Book 20.

σφέτερος

their own; their own homes; their own (homes) 3 times

σφετέρῃσιν, σφέτερα, σφέτερ

accusative plural neuter adjective; dative plural feminine possessive adjective

σφεῖς

them; to them; for them 125 times

σφιν, σφ, σφι, σφέας, σφισιν, σφεας, σφισι, σφίσιν and 7 more

dative plural masculine pronoun; accusative plural masculine pronoun; dative plural feminine pronoun

σφι, epic dative plural of the 3rd-person pronoun, used for both σφεῖς and σφε

σφός

their own 6 times

σφῷ, σφῇσιν, σφὰς, σφόν

dative singular neuter adjective; dative plural feminine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective

possessive σφός, 'their own', referring back to the sons

σχέτλιος

reckless one; cruel one; cruel 18 times

σχέτλιε, σχέτλιος, σχέτλια, σχέτλιαι, σχέτλιοί, σχέτλι, σχέτλιοι, σχέτλιός and 1 more

vocative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

σχέτλιος, harsh exclamation aimed at Zeus for renewing the strife

σχεδία

raft; the raft; on a raft 14 times

σχεδίης, σχεδίην, σχεδίῃ

genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

σχεδίη, 'raft' — the noun that τήν γε in line 248 already referred to in advance.

σχεδόθεν

near at hand; nearby; from nearby 5 times

σχεδόθεν

adverb; preposition

σχεδόθεν, adverb of place used almost as a preposition governing οἱ (dative).

Σχερία

Scheria; in Scheria 4 times

Σχερίην, Σχερίῃ

accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

Scheria is the Phaeacians' island home, later identified with Corfu

σώζω

saved; save; could save 19 times

σάω, σαώσαι, σάωσε, ἐσάωσε, ἐσάωσεν, ἐσάωθεν, σάωσον, ἐσάωσα and 5 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present middle imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

σαώσαι, aorist optative of σώζω with κέν 'could save' — potential optative expressing hope/possibility.

σῶς

safe; certain; certain, sure 7 times

σῶς, σόοι, σόα, σόος

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective

σόοι 'safe/sound' is the Homeric form behind classical σῶς/σῶος.

Seen once or twice

σάμη

Same once

Σαλμωνεύς

of Salmoneus once

σβέννυμι

died down once

σέλας

gleam; gleam, light twice

σέλινον

of parsley once

σείω

kept shaking; shook twice

σειρά

rope twice

σηκοκόρος

pen-sweeper once

σίζω

hissed once

Σίσυφος

Sisyphus once

σιάλος

fatted once

Σιδών

of the Sidonians; Sidon twice

Σικανία

Sicania once

σιτέομαι

used to eat once

σιωπάω

would fall silent once

σκαίρω

frisk, bound once

σκαφίς

bowls once

σκέπαρνον

adze twice

σκεπάω

shelter from once

σκιερός

shady once

σκόλοψ

with palisades once

σκότος

the dark once

σκοπιάζω

was watching, kept watch once

σκύφος

cup once

Σκῦρος

Scyros once

σκῦτος

hide once

σκώψ

owls once

σμήχω

scrubbed once

Σόλυμοι

the Solymi once

σπέρμα

seed, spark once

σπεῖος

cave; the cave twice

σποδιά

in ashes once

σποδός

ashes once

στάζω

standing once

σταθμόν

farmstead once

σταμίνες

ribs once

σταυρός

stakes once

στένω

groaned once

στέφω

crowns once

στείβω

trod once

στεῖνος

narrow space once

στειλειόν

handle once

στενωπός

narrow strait once

στερέω

to rob once

στήλη

pillar once

στηρίζω

to plant firmly once

στίξ

ranks once

Στρατίος

Stratios twice

στροφάλιγξ

whirl once

στροφαλίζω

turn once

σύνειμι

to meet with once

σύνεσις

meeting once

σύντρεις

three by three once

σῦκον

fig twice

συκέα

fig tree; fig trees twice

συκῆ

fig trees twice

συλλέγω

I will gather once

συνάγνυμι

shattered once

συνάγω

gathered once

συναιρέω

gathering up once

συνδέω

I bound together once

συνέριθος

fellow worker once

συνελαύνω

let us match them once

συνεχής

continuously once

σφάλλω

did not stagger once

σφοδρός

vigorously once

σφῦρα

a hammer once

σχίζα

split wood; with a billet twice

σχίζω

split once

σχοῖνος

in rushes once

σώφρων

modest once

σώω

keeping safe once

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.