Words of the Odyssey 1732 Studios

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Words of the Odyssey · 88 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

γάλα

milk; of milk 5 times

γάλακτος, γάλα, γάλακτι

genitive singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun

γάλα, neut. noun in -α, gives us 'galaxy' (milky way) via γαλαξίας.

γάμος

marriage; the marriage; a wedding 30 times

γάμον, γάμοιο, γάμος, γάμου, γάμῳ, γάμοιο—

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

γάρ

for; indeed; since 635 times

γὰρ, γάρ

particle; postpositive explanatory particle

γάρ is the causal connective ('for'), explaining why sleeplessness is impossible; 'indeed' wrongly duplicates the sense already carried by τοι

γαῖα

land; earth; of the land 172 times

γαῖαν, γαίης, γαίῃ, γαῖα, γαιάων, γαῖάν, γαῖ

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

γαίης is postponed to open the next line, split from its adjective ποίης — an enjambment typical of Homeric verse.

Γαιήιος

earth-born once

Γαιήιον

Patronymic-style adjective, 'earth-born', modifying Tityos.

γαιήοχος

earth-holder; holder of the earth; earth-holding 6 times

γαιήοχος, γαιήοχε

nominative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective

γαιήοχος, 'earth-holding', a fixed cult epithet of Poseidon as god of earthquakes and the sea.

γαλήνη

calm; windless calm; the calm sea 5 times

γαλήνη, γαλήνην

nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

γαλήνη...νηνεμίη, two near-synonyms for stillness stacked for emphasis at a turning point in the storm.

γαμβρός

son-in-law; sons-in-law 5 times

γαμβρὸς, γαμβροῖσιν

nominative singular masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun

Predicate noun explaining why Menelaus alone escapes death: marriage ties him to Zeus's family.

γαμέω

to marry; has married; married 24 times

γήμασθ, γήμασθαι, γαμέεσθαι, ἔγημεν, γῆμεν, ἔγημε, γήμαιθ, γῆμαι and 4 more

aorist middle infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive infinitive

Aorist middle infinitive γήμασθαι of γαμέω used of the bride: 'get married,' contrast active for the groom.

γαστήρ

belly; paunch; the belly 17 times

γαστέρα, γαστέρ, γαστὴρ, γαστέρι, γαστρὸς, γαστέρος, γαστέρες

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

γαστήρ 'belly' as subject personified, driving the lion's hunger-instinct in the simile

γέγωνα

called out; carries; carries/reaches 6 times

γέγωνε, γέγωνέ, ἐγεγώνει

perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

γέγωνα is a perfect with present force, 'has made himself heard' = 'can be heard/carry' — a shout's range as a distance measure.

γέλως

laughter; with laughter 7 times

γέλως, γέλω, γέλῳ

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine adjective

γένειον

his chin; chin 3 times

γενείῳ, γένειον, γενείου

dative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun

Touching the chin (γένειον) is a traditional gesture of supplication/intimate address in Homer.

γένος

lineage; generations; the stock 20 times

γένος, γένε

accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun

γένος accusative of respect with εἰμί, 'I am, as to birth,' = 'by birth'

γέρας

honor/prerogative; portion of honor; honor 11 times

γέρας, γέρα

accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun

γέρας, the special cut of meat marking a guest's status at a feast

γέρων

old man; the old man; old 84 times

γέρων, γέρον, γέροντα, γέροντος, γέροντι, γέροντες, γερόντων, γέροντ and 1 more

nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

vocative γέρον, direct address — 'ὦ γέρον' is a standard formula opening a speech to an elder.

γεγωνέω

called out, shouted; cried out; I called out 3 times

γεγώνευν, ἐγεγώνευν

imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

γεγωνέω, 'shout so as to be heard,' a vivid verb for calling across distance.

γείνομαι

bore; begot; bore, begot 12 times

ἐγείνατο, γείνατο, γεινομένῳ, γείνασθαι, γείνατ, γείνεαι

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, dative singular masculine

Middle aorist ἐγείνατο of γείνομαι ('bear/beget'), the standard epic verb for a mother giving birth.

γελάω

laughing; laughed; laugh 14 times

γελόωντες, γέλασσαν, γελάσας, ἐγέλασσε, γελάσαι, γέλασσε, γελώοντες, ἐγέλασσεν and 4 more

present active participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

γελόω is subjunctive in form though translated as indicative — a Homeric deliberative/generalizing nuance.

γενέθλη

race, stock; lineage twice

γενέθλης

γενέθλη 'birth, stock' — Poseidon claims kinship with the Phaeacians.

γενεά

lineage; generation; by birthright 11 times

γενεῇ, γενεὴν, γενεήν, γενεὴ, γενεή

accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

Accusative of respect: γενεήν specifies IN WHAT WAY he was a descendant, not a direct object.

γενειάς

beard once

γενειάδες

γενειάς is a rare plural for a single beard, epic idiom (cf. English 'whiskers').

γενειάω

grown bearded; grown a beard twice

γενειήσαντα

γενειήσαντα, denominative aorist participle from γένειον 'chin/beard' — 'having grown a beard.'

γεραιός

old man; an older (man); elder 6 times

γεραιέ, γεραίτερον, γεραίτερος, γεραιός

vocative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

γεραιέ, vocative addressing the seer Halitherses directly — the head noun it modifies is elided (a common Homeric ellipsis).

Γερήνιος

Gerenian 10 times

Γερήνιος

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine noun

Γερήνιος, a recurring cult-title/epithet of Nestor linked to the town Gerenia, part of his fixed epic formula

γῆρας

old age; of old age; with age 17 times

γῆρας, γήραϊ, γήραος, γῆράς, γήραι

nominative singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun

γῆρας personified as the subject that 'will save' the old nurse from punishment

γηθέω

rejoiced; rejoices; it rejoiced 17 times

γήθησεν, γήθησε, γήθησέν, γέγηθε, γηθήσειεν, γήθησαν, ἐγήθεις

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

γέγηθε, perfect with present sense (like οἶδα) — a stative perfect meaning 'is glad,' not 'has become glad.'

γηράσκω

to grow old; ripens; had grown old 4 times

γηρασκέμεν, γηράσκει, ἐγήρα, γηράσκωσι

present active infinitive; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

subjunctive in a general temporal clause, 'whenever they grow old'

Γίγας

the Giants; of the Giants; Giants 3 times

Γιγάντεσσιν, Γιγάντων, Γίγασιν

dative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun

pairs Cyclopes and Giants as savage races close to gods but lawless — epic catalog device.

γίγνομαι

became; would become; were born 144 times

γένοιτο, γένηται, ἐγένοντο, γενέσθαι, γίγνεται, γίγνονται, γεγάασιν, γένετο and 26 more

aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb

γένηται subjunctive with ἄν in general temporal clause 'whenever it becomes'

γιγνώσκω

recognized; you would know; knew 52 times

ἔγνω, γιγνώσκω, γνοίης, γνῶναι, γίγνωσκον, γνοίη, ἔγνως, γνώω and 15 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb

γνώμεναι, epic aorist infinitive with -μεναι ending, completes the sense of ὑπέμεινε: 'did not wait to be recognized.'

γλαυκω~πις

gray-eyed once

γλαυκώπιδος

stock epithet of Athena, γλαυκῶπις, here genitive

γλαυκῶπις

gray-eyed; bright-eyed; grey-eyed 56 times

γλαυκῶπις, γλαυκώπιδι, γλαυκῶπιν, γλαυκώπιδος, γλαυκῶπι

nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine adjective

γλαυκῶπις is Athena's fixed Homeric epithet ('owl-/gleaming-eyed') — a formulaic tag that fills the line's meter and always travels with her name.

γλαφυρός

hollow; sheltered 41 times

γλαφυρῆς, γλαφυροῖσι, γλαφυρῇ, γλαφυρῷ, γλαφυρὴν, γλαφυρῇσι, γλαφυροῖο, γλαφυρὴ and 5 more

genitive singular feminine adjective; dative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

γλαφυρός 'hollow', standard formulaic epithet for ships in Homer.

γλυκερός

sweet 4 times

γλυκερῷ, γλυκερῆς

dative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective

γλυκύς

sweet; sweeter 27 times

γλυκὺς, γλυκὺν, γλυκεροῖο, γλυκερὸν, γλυκεραὶ, γλυκερὸς, γλυκερώτερον, γλυκύς and 2 more

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular neuter adjective

γλυκὺς ὕπνος ‘sweet sleep’ — a fixed Homeric collocation for the onset of sleep.

γλῶσσα

tongues; tongue/language 3 times

γλώσσας, γλῶσσα

accusative plural feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

Cutting out the tongues of sacrificial victims for burning is a set ritual step before libation—cultural detail worth flagging.

γναθμός

cheeks; jaws; with jaws 3 times

γναθμοὶ, γναθμῶν, γναθμοῖσι

nominative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun

γνωτός

plain once

γνωτὸν

γνωτόν 'known/evident' — predicate adjective opening the clause, 'it was clear that...'.

γόνυ

knees; his knees; the knees 45 times

γούνων, γούνατα, γούνατ, γούνασι, γούναθ, γοῦνα, γούνασιν, γουνὸς

accusative plural neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

Idiom 'lies on the knees of the gods' = the outcome rests with divine will, still undecided.

γόος

lament; of weeping; of lament 26 times

γόοιο, γόον, γόοιό, γόῳ, γόους, γόος, γόου

genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

στοναχῇ...γόῳ τε: paired datives with τε...τε correlation, epic formulaic grief phrase.

γοάω

weeping; wailing; lamenting 12 times

γοόωσα, γοόωσαν, γοάασκεν, γοῶντες, γοόωντας, γόων, γοόωντες, γοόωντά and 1 more

present active participle, nominative singular feminine; present active participle, accusative singular feminine; present active participle, nominative plural masculine

Another -σκε iterative verb, capping the recurring pattern of habitual grief.

γουνάζομαι

I beseech once

γουνάζομαι

γουνάζομαι, 'to clasp the knees in supplication', a vivid ritual-gesture verb.

γουνόομαι

I clasp your knees; praying; I beg you 6 times

γουνοῦμαί, γουνούμενος, γουνοῦσθαι, γουνούμην

present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive infinitive

γουνόομαι, lit. 'clasp the knees (of)' — supplication gesture lexicalized into the verb 'beseech'.

γραῦς

old woman; the old woman; an old woman 22 times

γρηῢς, γρῆυς, γρηῒ, γρηῦς, γρηῦ, γρηὶ, γρηῢ, γρηΰ

nominative singular feminine noun; vocative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

γραῦς 'old woman' (feminine of γέρων) shows the alternate stem γρη- used in oblique cases — a common irregular noun to flag.

γύψ

two vultures; vultures twice

γῦπε, γῦπες

nominative dual masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

γῦπε, dual number — Homeric Greek marks pairs distinctly from plurals

γυμνός

bare; naked 3 times

γυμνός, γυμνὸν

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

γυμνός 'bare': this single arrow lay unsheathed on the table, unlike the others still in the quiver.

γυμνόω

to be naked; stripped; was stripped 3 times

γυμνοῦσθαι, γυμνωθέντα, γυμνώθη

present medio-passive infinitive; aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

Aorist passive participle: 'once I am stripped' — sets up the purpose clause with ὄφρα + subjunctive θήῃς.

γυνή

women; wife; of women 167 times

γυναικῶν, γύναι, γυναῖκας, γυνὴ, γυναῖκα, γυναῖκες, γυναιξὶ, γυναιξὶν and 8 more

genitive plural feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; vocative singular feminine noun

Vocative direct address to Helen.

Γυραί

onto the Gyrae; Gyraean twice

Γυρῇσίν, Γυραίην

dative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine adjective

Proper name of the rocks where Ajax met his death, key to this whole digression.

Seen once or twice

γάνυμαι

nor do they rejoice once

γάστρα

belly once

Γαῖα

of Earth once

γαλαθηνός

suckling twice

γαμψῶνυξ

crook-taloned once

γανάω

gleaming once

γαυλός

pails once

γένυς

cheeks once

γελαστός

laughable once

γενετή

birth once

γεραίρω

honored; honor twice

Γεραιστός

Geraistos once

γερήνιος

Gerenian once

γερούσιος

elders' once

γηθόσυνος

rejoicing twice

γλήνη

eyeball, as the once

γλύκιος

sweeter once

γλυφίς

notches once

γνήσιος

legitimate once

γνώριμος

known once

γόμφος

with pegs once

Γόργειος

Gorgon's once

Γόρτυς

of Gortyn once

γονή

line once

γραῖα

of the old woman once

γραπτύς

scratches once

γύναιος

of a woman; a woman's twice

γυναικεῖος

female once

γυρός

round-shouldered once

γωρυτός

case once

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray/Allen text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.