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Words of the Iliad · 133 headwords
Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.
βάζω
speak; you speak; to speak 4 times
βάζεις, βάζειν, ἐβάζετε
present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active infinitive; imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb
βάλλω
struck; cast; wounded 314 times
βάλε, βάλεν, βαλὼν, βαλέειν, ἔβαλε, βάλ, ἔβαλον, ἔβαλ and 65 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb
Completes the compound verb περιβάλλω begun by the preverb περὶ earlier in the line (tmesis).
βάσκω
go; come 6 times
βάσκ
βάσκʼ is the urging 'come now,' followed by the distinct command ἴθι, 'go.'
βαθύκολπος
deep-bosomed; deep-robed 3 times
βαθυκόλπων, βαθύκολποι
genitive plural feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective
βαθύρροος
deep-flowing 3 times
βαθυρρόου, βαθύρροον
genitive singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
βαθύς
deep; deepest 31 times
βαθείης, βαθεῖαν, βαθέης, βαθὺ, βαθεῖα, βαθὺν, βάθιστον, βαθὺς and 4 more
genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
βαθυδίνης
deep-swirling; deep-eddying 5 times
βαθυδίνης
βαίνω
went; mounted; strode 222 times
βῆ, ἔβη, ἔβαν, βεβήκει, βὰν, βάτην, ἐβεβήκει, βήτην and 35 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
βήσεται ("will step/go") used metaphorically of an abstract outcome — "where will our oaths end up" — the same verb elsewhere describes literal walking.
βαρβαρόφωνος
of barbarous speech once
βαρβαροφώνων
βαρβαρόφωνοι, "of barbarous speech," is the earliest root of the later word "barbarian"; here it means simply "foreign-speaking," not yet the pejorative later sense.
βαρύνω
weighed upon; weighed down; grow heavy 5 times
βάρυνε, βαρυνθέν, ἐβάρυνε, βαρύνεται, βαρυνθεὶς
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive participle, accusative singular neuter; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb
Passive participle describes the wounded arm hanging heavy and useless.
βαρύς
heavy; heavily 26 times
βαρὺ, βαρεῖαν, βαρείῃ, βαρέα, βαρείας, βαρεῖαι, βαρείης
accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective
βασίλειος
more kingly; most kingly; royal 5 times
βασιλεύτερός, βασιλεύτατός, βασιλήϊον
nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine comparative adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
βασιλεύς
king; kings; the king 64 times
βασιλῆα, βασιλῆος, βασιλῆες, βασιλῆϊ, βασιλήων, βασιλεὺς, βασιλεῦσιν, βασιλῆας and 2 more
accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
βασιλεύω
be kings; ruled; rule 3 times
βασιλεύσομεν, βασίλευεν, βασίλευε
aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb
βέλεμνον
missiles 3 times
βέλεμνα
βέλος
shaft; missiles; weapons 75 times
βέλος, βελέων, βελέεσσι, βέλε, βέλεα, βελέεσσιν, βέλεσσιν, βέλεϊ and 2 more
nominative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun
βέλτερος
better 6 times
βέλτερον, βέλτερόν
nominative singular neuter comparative adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective
βένθος
depths; the depths; in the depths 6 times
βένθεσσιν, βένθεσι, βένθος
dative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun
βέομαι
will live; shall I live 4 times
βέῃ, βέομαι, βείομαι
future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; future medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb
βεβόλημαι
had been struck; struck twice
βεβολήατο, βεβολημένος
pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine
The pluperfect passive presents the chiefs as already stricken and still overwhelmed.
Βελλεροφόντης
Bellerophon 7 times
Βελλεροφόντην, Βελλεροφόντης, Βελλεροφόντῃ
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
βῆσσα
the glens; in a glen; glens 8 times
βήσσῃς, βήσσας, βήσσῃσιν, βήσσῃ
dative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun
βηλός
threshold; the threshold 3 times
βηλοῦ, βηλῷ
genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
βία
strength; by force; might 61 times
βίῃ, βίη, βίην, βίηφιν, βίηφι, βίης, βίας, βίηφί
dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
βίη + genitive name is a Homeric periphrasis: 'the might of Heracles' = Heracles himself.
Βίας
Bias; of Bias 3 times
Βίαντά, Βίας, Βίαντος
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun
βίβημι
striding; strides 5 times
βιβάς, βιβάντα
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, accusative singular masculine
βίοτος
of life; in livelihood; in goods 7 times
βιότοιο
βιάζω
overborne; is overborne; was overpowered 5 times
βιάζεται, βιάζετο, βιαζόμενον
present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine
βιάω
has overwhelmed; overpowers; were overpowering 8 times
βεβίηκεν, ἐβιήσατο, βιῴατο, βιήσατο, βιησάμενος
perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb
βιβάσθω
striding 3 times
βιβάσθων
βιβρώσκω
you could devour; having swallowed twice
βεβρώθοις, βεβρωκὼς
perfect active optative, 2nd singular verb; perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine
The perfect participle marks the poison as already consumed with continuing effect.
βιός
bow 7 times
βιὸν, βιοῖο, βιός, βιὸς
accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
βιόω
live; survival; to survive 3 times
βιῶναι, βιώτω
aorist active infinitive; present active imperative, 3rd singular verb
βλάπτω
harming; thwarted; entangled 20 times
βλαφθέντα, βλάπτουσ, βλαφθεὶς, βλάβεται, βλαφθέντε, βλάψε, βλάπτε, βεβλαμμένον and 7 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative singular feminine
βλέφαρον
eyelids; their eyelids 6 times
βλεφάροισιν, βλεφάρων, βλεφάροιιν
dative plural neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun; dative dual neuter noun
βλεμεαίνω
exulting; swells proudly 6 times
βλεμεαίνων, βλεμεαίνει
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb
βλώσκω
came; having gone; coming 4 times
μολοῦσα, μολὼν, μολοῦσαι, μόλῃ
aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine
βόειος
oxhide; of cattle 5 times
βόεια, βοείας, βοέους, βοέοισιν, βοέου
accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective
βόσκω
grazing; feeding; he pastured 6 times
βοσκομενάων, βόσκ, βοσκομένη, βοσκομένης
present medio-passive participle, genitive plural feminine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine
βοάω
shouting; shouted; bawling 16 times
βοῶν, ἐβόησεν, βοόων, βοήσας, βόησαν, βοόωντες, βοόωντά, βοᾶν and 3 more
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine
βοείη
oxhides; hide; oxhide 7 times
βοείας, βοείην, βοέῃς
accusative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun
βοή
at the war-cry; war-cry; cry 51 times
βοὴν, βοὴ, βοῆς
accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
The accusative phrase is an epithet: literally 'good in respect of the war-cry.'
Βοιωτός
of the Boeotians; Boeotians; the Boeotians 7 times
Βοιωτῶν, Βοιωτοὶ
genitive plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
Βορέας
Boreas; of Boreas 12 times
Βορέαο, Βορέης, Βορέω, Βορέῃ, Βορέην
genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
βούλομαι
wished; wishes; I would wish 18 times
βούλετο, βούλεται, ἐβούλετο, βούλομαι, βουλοίμην, βούλομ, βούλεο, βόλεται and 1 more
imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb
Present middle verb, not a conditional.
βοῦς
cattle; of an ox; ox 86 times
βοῶν, βοῦς, βοὸς, βοῦν, βόεσσι, βόας, βουσὶν, βόες and 5 more
dative plural feminine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative plural feminine noun
the noun “oxen” is used metonymically for shields made from oxhide
βουκόλος
herdsman; herdsmen 3 times
βουκόλοι, βουκόλον, βουκόλος
nominative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
βουκολέω
tending cattle; grazed; you used to herd 4 times
βουκολέοντι, βουκολέοντο, βουκολέεσκες
present active participle, dative singular masculine; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb
βουλεύω
take counsel; are planning; having resolved 16 times
βουλεύουσι, βουλεύσατο, βουλεύσομεν, βουλεύειν, βουλεύσαντε, βουλεύῃσι, βουλεύωσ, βουλεύσῃ and 3 more
present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st plural verb
The middle voice presents Zeus as contriving the deceit as his own deliberate plan.
βουλή
counsel; counsels; plans 52 times
βουλὴν, βουλὰς, βουλῇ, βουλήν, βουλή, βουλάς, βουλῆς, βουλὴ and 3 more
accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
"The will of Zeus" (Διὸς βουλή) names the poem's larger plan working itself out beneath the plot's events — a phrase that will recur across the epic.
βουληφόρος
counselor; counsel-bearing; counselors 15 times
βουληφόρε, βουληφόρον, βουληφόρος, βουληφόροι
vocative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective
βουληφόρος, "counsel-bearing," is a formulaic Homeric epithet for a leader trusted enough to be included in war councils, not just any commander.
βοῶπις
ox-eyed 14 times
βοῶπις
nominative singular feminine adjective; vocative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine noun
βραχεῖν
groaned; roared; clanged 9 times
βράχε, ἔβραχε, ἔβραχ
βραχίων
arm; of his arm 5 times
βραχίονα, βραχίονος
accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun
βρέμω
thunders; roars 3 times
βρέμεται, βρέμει
present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb
βρίθω
press; weighed down; lies heavy 8 times
ἔβρισαν, βριθομένη, βέβριθε, βρίσαντες, βρίθουσαν, βεβριθυῖα
aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine; perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
βριαρός
heavy; massive 7 times
βριαρήν, βριαρῇ, βριαρὴν
accusative singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective
βριθύς
heavy 5 times
βριθὺ
accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective
Βρισεύς
of Briseus 3 times
Βρισῆος
Βρισηίς
Briseis 10 times
Βρισηΐδα, Βρισηΐδος, Βρισηῒς, Βρισηΐδι
accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
βρότος
gore 4 times
βρότον
βροτόεις
bloodstained; blood-stained 9 times
βροτόεντα, βροτόεντ
βροτός
mortals; mortal; of mortals 45 times
βροτῶν, βροτοῖσιν, βροτοί, βροτὸς, βροτοῖσι, βροτοὶ, βροτὸν, βροτῷ and 3 more
dative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
βροτούς is the accusative object of 'cherish'; 'for' is not part of this token.
βροτολοιγός
bane of mortals; man-destroying; man-slaying 12 times
βροτολοιγῷ, βροτολοιγὸς, βροτολοιγὲ, βροτολοιγὸν, βροτολοιγοῦ
dative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective
βρυχάομαι
groaning; roars 3 times
βεβρυχὼς, βέβρυχεν
perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
βωμός
altar; altars; the altar 12 times
βωμὸν, βωμὸς, βωμός, βωμόν, βωμοὺς, βωμοῦ, βωμῷ, βωμοῖσι and 1 more
nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun
Seen once or twice
βάδην
on foot once
βάραθρον
gulf once
βάρδιστος
slowest twice
βαθύζωνος
deep-girdled once
βαθύλειμος
deep-meadowed twice
βαθύνω
hollowed once
βαθύσχοινος
deep-reeded once
βαθυδινήεις
deep-eddying; deep-swirling twice
Βαθυκλεής
Bathycles once
βαθυρρείτης
deep-flowing once
Βαλίος
Balius twice
βαμβαίνω
stammering once
βαρύθω
is heavy once
Βατίεια
Batieia once
Βῆσσα
Bessa once
Βιάνωρ
Bienor once
βλῆτρον
with clamps once
βλοσυρός
grim twice
βλοσυρω~πις
grim-faced once
βλωθρός
tall twice
βόθρος
trench once
βόσις
as food once
βότρυς
clusters once
βοάγριον
oxhide shields once
Βοάγριος
of Boagrius once
βοηθόος
to help; war-helping twice
βοηλασία
cattle raid once
Βοίβη
Boebe once
Βοιβηίς
Boebeis once
Βοιώτιος
the Boeotian twice
βομβέω
clanged twice
βοτάνη
pasture once
βοτόν
livestock once
βοτρυδόν
in clusters once
βούβρωστις
ravenous hunger once
Βούδειον
Boudeion once
βουβών
groin once
βουγάιος
loud boaster once
Βουκολίδης
son of Bucolus once
Βουκολίων
Bucolion twice
βουλεύς
with counsel; in counsel twice
βουλευτής
counselors once
βουλυτός
ox-loosing time once
βουπλήξ
with an ox-goad once
Βουπράσιον
Buprasium; at Buprasium twice
Βουπρασίον
Buprasium twice
βουφονέω
slaughtered oxen once
βράσσω
clanged; roared twice
βραδύς
slow; slower twice
βραδυτής
slowness once
βρέφος
foal once
βρεχμός
crown of his head once
βρίζω
slumbering once
βριήπυος
strong-voiced once
βριθοσύνη
beneath the weight; under its weight twice
βρόμος
the roar once
βρομέω
buzz once
βροντάω
having thundered; thundered twice
βροντή
thunder twice
βρύω
blossoms once
Βρυσειαί
Bryseae once
βρῶσις
food twice
βυσσός
the depths once
βώτωρ
herdsmen once
Βῶρος
of Borus once
βῶρος
Borus once
βωτιάνειρα
nurse of men once
The particulars
- The words
- Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
- Translation
- Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Data
- JSON · A guide for agents