Words of the Iliad 1732 Studios

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Words of the Iliad · 133 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

βάζω

speak; you speak; to speak 4 times

βάζεις, βάζειν, ἐβάζετε

present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active infinitive; imperfect active indicative, 2nd plural verb

βάλλω

struck; cast; wounded 314 times

βάλε, βάλεν, βαλὼν, βαλέειν, ἔβαλε, βάλ, ἔβαλον, ἔβαλ and 65 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

Completes the compound verb περιβάλλω begun by the preverb περὶ earlier in the line (tmesis).

βαθύκολπος

deep-bosomed; deep-robed 3 times

βαθυκόλπων, βαθύκολποι

genitive plural feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective

βαθύρροος

deep-flowing 3 times

βαθυρρόου, βαθύρροον

genitive singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

βαθύς

deep; deepest 31 times

βαθείης, βαθεῖαν, βαθέης, βαθὺ, βαθεῖα, βαθὺν, βάθιστον, βαθὺς and 4 more

genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

βαίνω

went; mounted; strode 222 times

βῆ, ἔβη, ἔβαν, βεβήκει, βὰν, βάτην, ἐβεβήκει, βήτην and 35 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

βήσεται ("will step/go") used metaphorically of an abstract outcome — "where will our oaths end up" — the same verb elsewhere describes literal walking.

βαρβαρόφωνος

of barbarous speech once

βαρβαροφώνων

βαρβαρόφωνοι, "of barbarous speech," is the earliest root of the later word "barbarian"; here it means simply "foreign-speaking," not yet the pejorative later sense.

βαρύνω

weighed upon; weighed down; grow heavy 5 times

βάρυνε, βαρυνθέν, ἐβάρυνε, βαρύνεται, βαρυνθεὶς

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive participle, accusative singular neuter; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Passive participle describes the wounded arm hanging heavy and useless.

βαρύς

heavy; heavily 26 times

βαρὺ, βαρεῖαν, βαρείῃ, βαρέα, βαρείας, βαρεῖαι, βαρείης

accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

βασίλειος

more kingly; most kingly; royal 5 times

βασιλεύτερός, βασιλεύτατός, βασιλήϊον

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine comparative adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

βασιλεύς

king; kings; the king 64 times

βασιλῆα, βασιλῆος, βασιλῆες, βασιλῆϊ, βασιλήων, βασιλεὺς, βασιλεῦσιν, βασιλῆας and 2 more

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

βασιλεύω

be kings; ruled; rule 3 times

βασιλεύσομεν, βασίλευεν, βασίλευε

aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb

βέλος

shaft; missiles; weapons 75 times

βέλος, βελέων, βελέεσσι, βέλε, βέλεα, βελέεσσιν, βέλεσσιν, βέλεϊ and 2 more

nominative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun

βέομαι

will live; shall I live 4 times

βέῃ, βέομαι, βείομαι

future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; future medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb

βεβόλημαι

had been struck; struck twice

βεβολήατο, βεβολημένος

pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

The pluperfect passive presents the chiefs as already stricken and still overwhelmed.

Βελλεροφόντης

Bellerophon 7 times

Βελλεροφόντην, Βελλεροφόντης, Βελλεροφόντῃ

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

βῆσσα

the glens; in a glen; glens 8 times

βήσσῃς, βήσσας, βήσσῃσιν, βήσσῃ

dative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

βία

strength; by force; might 61 times

βίῃ, βίη, βίην, βίηφιν, βίηφι, βίης, βίας, βίηφί

dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

βίη + genitive name is a Homeric periphrasis: 'the might of Heracles' = Heracles himself.

Βίας

Bias; of Bias 3 times

Βίαντά, Βίας, Βίαντος

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

βίβημι

striding; strides 5 times

βιβάς, βιβάντα

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, accusative singular masculine

βιάζω

overborne; is overborne; was overpowered 5 times

βιάζεται, βιάζετο, βιαζόμενον

present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine

βιάω

has overwhelmed; overpowers; were overpowering 8 times

βεβίηκεν, ἐβιήσατο, βιῴατο, βιήσατο, βιησάμενος

perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb

βιβρώσκω

you could devour; having swallowed twice

βεβρώθοις, βεβρωκὼς

perfect active optative, 2nd singular verb; perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine

The perfect participle marks the poison as already consumed with continuing effect.

βλάπτω

harming; thwarted; entangled 20 times

βλαφθέντα, βλάπτουσ, βλαφθεὶς, βλάβεται, βλαφθέντε, βλάψε, βλάπτε, βεβλαμμένον and 7 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative singular feminine

βλέφαρον

eyelids; their eyelids 6 times

βλεφάροισιν, βλεφάρων, βλεφάροιιν

dative plural neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun; dative dual neuter noun

βλεμεαίνω

exulting; swells proudly 6 times

βλεμεαίνων, βλεμεαίνει

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb

βλώσκω

came; having gone; coming 4 times

μολοῦσα, μολὼν, μολοῦσαι, μόλῃ

aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active participle, nominative plural feminine

βόειος

oxhide; of cattle 5 times

βόεια, βοείας, βοέους, βοέοισιν, βοέου

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective

βόσκω

grazing; feeding; he pastured 6 times

βοσκομενάων, βόσκ, βοσκομένη, βοσκομένης

present medio-passive participle, genitive plural feminine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, genitive plural masculine

βοάω

shouting; shouted; bawling 16 times

βοῶν, ἐβόησεν, βοόων, βοήσας, βόησαν, βοόωντες, βοόωντά, βοᾶν and 3 more

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

βοείη

oxhides; hide; oxhide 7 times

βοείας, βοείην, βοέῃς

accusative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun

βοή

at the war-cry; war-cry; cry 51 times

βοὴν, βοὴ, βοῆς

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

The accusative phrase is an epithet: literally 'good in respect of the war-cry.'

Βοιωτός

of the Boeotians; Boeotians; the Boeotians 7 times

Βοιωτῶν, Βοιωτοὶ

genitive plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

Βορέας

Boreas; of Boreas 12 times

Βορέαο, Βορέης, Βορέω, Βορέῃ, Βορέην

genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

βούλομαι

wished; wishes; I would wish 18 times

βούλετο, βούλεται, ἐβούλετο, βούλομαι, βουλοίμην, βούλομ, βούλεο, βόλεται and 1 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

Present middle verb, not a conditional.

βοῦς

cattle; of an ox; ox 86 times

βοῶν, βοῦς, βοὸς, βοῦν, βόεσσι, βόας, βουσὶν, βόες and 5 more

dative plural feminine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

the noun “oxen” is used metonymically for shields made from oxhide

βουκόλος

herdsman; herdsmen 3 times

βουκόλοι, βουκόλον, βουκόλος

nominative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

βουκολέω

tending cattle; grazed; you used to herd 4 times

βουκολέοντι, βουκολέοντο, βουκολέεσκες

present active participle, dative singular masculine; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb

βουλεύω

take counsel; are planning; having resolved 16 times

βουλεύουσι, βουλεύσατο, βουλεύσομεν, βουλεύειν, βουλεύσαντε, βουλεύῃσι, βουλεύωσ, βουλεύσῃ and 3 more

present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st plural verb

The middle voice presents Zeus as contriving the deceit as his own deliberate plan.

βουλή

counsel; counsels; plans 52 times

βουλὴν, βουλὰς, βουλῇ, βουλήν, βουλή, βουλάς, βουλῆς, βουλὴ and 3 more

accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

"The will of Zeus" (Διὸς βουλή) names the poem's larger plan working itself out beneath the plot's events — a phrase that will recur across the epic.

βουληφόρος

counselor; counsel-bearing; counselors 15 times

βουληφόρε, βουληφόρον, βουληφόρος, βουληφόροι

vocative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

βουληφόρος, "counsel-bearing," is a formulaic Homeric epithet for a leader trusted enough to be included in war councils, not just any commander.

βρίθω

press; weighed down; lies heavy 8 times

ἔβρισαν, βριθομένη, βέβριθε, βρίσαντες, βρίθουσαν, βεβριθυῖα

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine; perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Βρισηίς

Briseis 10 times

Βρισηΐδα, Βρισηΐδος, Βρισηῒς, Βρισηΐδι

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

βροτός

mortals; mortal; of mortals 45 times

βροτῶν, βροτοῖσιν, βροτοί, βροτὸς, βροτοῖσι, βροτοὶ, βροτὸν, βροτῷ and 3 more

dative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

βροτούς is the accusative object of 'cherish'; 'for' is not part of this token.

βροτολοιγός

bane of mortals; man-destroying; man-slaying 12 times

βροτολοιγῷ, βροτολοιγὸς, βροτολοιγὲ, βροτολοιγὸν, βροτολοιγοῦ

dative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective

βρυχάομαι

groaning; roars 3 times

βεβρυχὼς, βέβρυχεν

perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

βωμός

altar; altars; the altar 12 times

βωμὸν, βωμὸς, βωμός, βωμόν, βωμοὺς, βωμοῦ, βωμῷ, βωμοῖσι and 1 more

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun

Seen once or twice

βάδην

on foot once

βάραθρον

gulf once

βάρδιστος

slowest twice

βαθύζωνος

deep-girdled once

βαθύλειμος

deep-meadowed twice

βαθύνω

hollowed once

βαθύσχοινος

deep-reeded once

βαθυδινήεις

deep-eddying; deep-swirling twice

Βαθυκλεής

Bathycles once

βαθυρρείτης

deep-flowing once

Βαλίος

Balius twice

βαμβαίνω

stammering once

βαρύθω

is heavy once

Βατίεια

Batieia once

Βῆσσα

Bessa once

Βιάνωρ

Bienor once

βλῆτρον

with clamps once

βλοσυρός

grim twice

βλοσυρω~πις

grim-faced once

βλωθρός

tall twice

βόθρος

trench once

βόσις

as food once

βότρυς

clusters once

βοάγριον

oxhide shields once

Βοάγριος

of Boagrius once

βοηθόος

to help; war-helping twice

βοηλασία

cattle raid once

Βοίβη

Boebe once

Βοιβηίς

Boebeis once

Βοιώτιος

the Boeotian twice

βομβέω

clanged twice

βοτάνη

pasture once

βοτόν

livestock once

βοτρυδόν

in clusters once

βούβρωστις

ravenous hunger once

Βούδειον

Boudeion once

βουβών

groin once

βουγάιος

loud boaster once

Βουκολίδης

son of Bucolus once

Βουκολίων

Bucolion twice

βουλεύς

with counsel; in counsel twice

βουλευτής

counselors once

βουλυτός

ox-loosing time once

βουπλήξ

with an ox-goad once

Βουπράσιον

Buprasium; at Buprasium twice

Βουπρασίον

Buprasium twice

βουφονέω

slaughtered oxen once

βράσσω

clanged; roared twice

βραδύς

slow; slower twice

βραδυτής

slowness once

βρέφος

foal once

βρεχμός

crown of his head once

βρίζω

slumbering once

βριήπυος

strong-voiced once

βριθοσύνη

beneath the weight; under its weight twice

βρόμος

the roar once

βρομέω

buzz once

βροντάω

having thundered; thundered twice

βροντή

thunder twice

βρύω

blossoms once

Βρυσειαί

Bryseae once

βρῶσις

food twice

βυσσός

the depths once

βώτωρ

herdsmen once

Βῶρος

of Borus once

βῶρος

Borus once

βωτιάνειρα

nurse of men once

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.