Words of the Iliad 1732 Studios

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Words of the Iliad · 133 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

χάζω

draw back; drew back; give ground 33 times

ἐχάζετο, χάζετο, χασσάμενος, χάζεο, κεκάδοντο, χάζοντο, χαζώμεσθα, χαζώμεθ and 8 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb

χάλαζα

hail 3 times

χάλαζαν, χάλαζα, χαλάζῃ

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

χάλκειος

bronze; of bronze; for bronze 27 times

χαλκείη, χαλκείῳ, χαλκείην, χαλκείῃ, χαλκείων, χάλκειον, χαλκείας

nominative singular feminine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

χάλκεος

bronze; of bronze 53 times

χάλκεον, χάλκεος, χάλκεα, χαλκέῳ, χάλκε, χάλκεοι

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

Χάρις

of the Graces; Graces 5 times

Χαρίτων, Χάριτες, Χαρίτεσσιν, Χάρις

genitive plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun

χάρμη

battle; battle joy; valor 22 times

χάρμης, χάρμῃ, χάρμη

genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

χάσκω

may gape; gaping; may gape open 7 times

χάνοι, χανών, κεχηνότα

aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine

χαίρω

rejoiced; rejoicing; they rejoiced 43 times

χαίρων, χαῖρε, ἐχάρη, χάρη, χαίρει, ἐχάρησαν, χάρησαν, χαίρω and 17 more

aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

A dual imperative addressed to the two arriving envoys.

χαίτη

hair; manes; locks 14 times

χαῖται, χαίτας, χαίτη, χαιτάων, χαίτην

nominative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

χαλεπαίνω

growing angry; were raging; raged 9 times

χαλεπήνῃ, χαλεπαίνων, χαλέπαινε, χαλεπαίνοι, χαλεπῆναι

aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active optative, 3rd singular verb

χαλεπός

hard; harsh; with harsh 21 times

χαλεποῖσιν, χαλεπὸν, χαλεπῷ, χαλεπὸς, χαλεπῶς, χαλεπὴν, χαλεπόν, χαλεποί and 4 more

nominative singular neuter adjective; dative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

χαλκήρης

bronze-shod; bronze-fitted; bronze-tipped 16 times

χαλκήρεϊ, χαλκήρεσιν, χαλκήρεα, χαλκήρε, χαλκήρεας, χαλκήρεος

dative singular neuter adjective; dative singular feminine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

Χαλκίς

Chalcis twice

Χαλκίδα

This Aetolian Chalcis is a homonym of the Euboean Chalcis named earlier in the Catalogue — different towns sharing a name.

χαλκός

bronze; with bronze; in bronze 148 times

χαλκῷ, χαλκὸν, χαλκὸς, χαλκός, χαλκοῦ, χαλκόν, χαλκοῖο, χαλκόφι

dative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

χαλκός, "bronze," stands by metonymy for the weapon’s blade, as commonly in Homeric battle diction.

χαλκοβαρής

bronze-heavy; bronze-weighted 3 times

χαλκοβάρεια, χαλκοβαρής

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine noun

χαλκοκορυστής

bronze-helmed 9 times

χαλκοκορυστῇ, χαλκοκορυστήν, χαλκοκορυστὴν

dative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine noun

χαλκοχίτων

bronze-clad 30 times

χαλκοχιτώνων, χαλκοχίτωνας, χαλκοχίτωνες

genitive plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine adjective

χαλκοχίτων, "bronze-clad," is a separate standing epithet for the Achaeans from κάρη κομόωντας "long-haired," each held to its own wording per line.

χανδάνω

could contain; to hold; holding 7 times

ἔχαδε, χάδε, χαδέειν, κεχανδότα, χάνδανεν, κεχάνδει

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine

χαρίεις

lovely; loveliest; pleasing 11 times

χαρίεντα, χαρίεν, χαριέστατος, χαρίεντ, χαριεστάτη

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

χαρίζομαι

dear; grant; pleasing 15 times

κεχαρισμένε, χαρίσαιτο, χαριζόμενος, κεχαρισμένα, χαριζομένη, χαρίζεαι

perfect medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculine; aorist medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

The substantival perfect participle denotes something pleasing/welcome.

χατίζω

lack; lacking; has need 3 times

χατίζεις, χατίζων, χατίζει

present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb

χέρσος

dry land; land; the land 4 times

χέρσον, χέρσῳ, χέρσου

accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

χέω

poured; shedding; pours 80 times

χέουσα, χύτο, χέων, ἔχευαν, χέει, κέχυτ, ἔχευε, χέοντες and 30 more

present active participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Completes the compound verb περιχέω begun by the preverb περὶ earlier in the line (tmesis).

χείρ

hands; hand; in his hands 386 times

χεῖρας, χερσὶν, χειρὶ, χερσὶ, χειρὸς, χειρῶν, χεῖρα, χερσίν and 16 more

dative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

A Homeric accusative dual: his two hands.

χείρων

worse; the worse; to a lesser 11 times

χέρεια, χείρονι, χείρονες, χείρον, χείρονος, χείρονα, χείρων, χεῖρον

accusative singular masculine comparative adjective; dative singular masculine comparative adjective; nominative plural masculine comparative adjective

χεῖλος

lip; with her lips; his lips 3 times

χείλει, χείλεσιν, χείλεα

dative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun

χειμάρρους

winter torrent; winter torrents 3 times

χείμαρροι, χειμάρρῳ, χειμάρρους

nominative plural feminine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

χειμέριος

wintry; winter 4 times

χειμέριαι, χειμερίῃσιν, χειμερίῳ, χειμέριον

nominative plural feminine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective

χειμών

winter storm; in a storm 3 times

χειμῶνα, χειμῶνος, χειμῶνι

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

χερείων

lesser; inferior; worse 8 times

χερείονα, χέρηϊ, χερείων, χερειότερος, χερείονά, χερείονος, χειρότερός

nominative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine noun

χερειότερος

baser once

χερειότερον

χερειότερος is itself a comparative built on χερείων, already a comparative of κακός — a doubled comparative form that intensifies the insult.

χερμάδιον

with a stone; stones; stone 14 times

χερμαδίῳ, χερμαδίοισιν, χερμάδιον, χερμάδια

dative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun

χήρα

widowed; a widow; widow 5 times

χήρην, χῆραί, χήρη

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative plural feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine noun

χθιζός

yesterday; yesterday's 5 times

χθιζὸς, χθιζὸν, χθιζά

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

χθών

earth; the ground; ground 54 times

χθονὶ, χθόνα, χθονὸς, χθὼν, χθών, χθονός, χθονί

dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

χιτών

tunic; tunics; corslet 26 times

χιτῶνα, χιτῶνας, χιτῶν, χιτῶνος, χιτώνων, χιτῶνι, χιτῶσι

accusative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

χιών

snow; than snow; of snow 4 times

χιόνος, χιὼν, χιόνι

genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

χλαῖνα

cloak; cloaks; by the cloak 8 times

χλαῖναν, χλαίνας, χλαῖνάν, χλαινάων, χλαίνης, χλαίνῃ

accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; genitive plural feminine noun

Accusative plural noun; no preposition is present.

χλωρός

pale 6 times

χλωρὸν, χλωρὸς, χλωρόν, χλωροὶ

nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

χόλος

anger; from anger; rage 49 times

χόλος, χόλον, χόλοιο, χόλῳ, χόλου

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

χόλοιο is genitive because λῆγε ("cease") takes a genitive of separation — "cease from his rage," the case marking what one is ceasing from.

χολόω

enraged; angered; was angered 48 times

κεχολωμένος, χολωσαμένη, χολωσάμενος, χολωθείς, κεχολῶσθαι, χολωθεὶς, κεχολώσεται, κεχολωμένον and 16 more

aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine

The perfect infinitive presents Achilles' anger as an established continuing state.

χορός

to a dance; dance; from dancing 7 times

χορὸν, χορῷ, χοροῖο

accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

χραισμέω

protect; to help; did avail 19 times

χραισμεῖν, χραίσμῃ, χραισμῆσαι, χραίσμωσιν, χραῖσμ, χραῖσμε, χραίσμῃσι, ἔχραισμε and 3 more

aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

χρή

must; need; we must 28 times

χρὴ, χρή

χρή is an impersonal verb, "it is necessary/right," taking no subject of its own — the whole clause reads literally "[it] is right to heed."

χρίω

anointed him; anoint him; rubbed it 4 times

χρῖσόν, χρῖσέν, χρῖεν, χρῖσαν

aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

χρύσεος

golden 75 times

χρυσείην, χρύσεον, χρύσεια, χρυσέῳ, χρύσειοι, χρυσέοισι, χρύσειον, χρύσεα and 21 more

accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

Χρύσης

Chryses; Chryse 5 times

Χρύσην, Χρύσης, Χρύση

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun

Χρυσηίς

Chryseis 6 times

Χρυσηΐδα, Χρυσηΐδος, Χρυσηῒς

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

Χρυσηΐς, "Chryseis," is a patronymic-style name meaning simply "daughter of Chryses" — like Ἀτρεΐδης for the sons of Atreus, it identifies her by her father rather than a name of her own.

χρυσός

gold; of gold; with gold 36 times

χρυσοῖο, χρυσοῦ, χρυσὸν, χρυσῷ, χρυσός, χρυσὸς, χρυσόν

genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

χρώς

flesh; skin; his body 69 times

χρόα, χροὸς, χροῒ, χρὼς, χροΐ, χρωτὸς, χρώς, χρό

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

χρώς is the subject that does not decay.

χώομαι

enraged; angry; being angry 38 times

χωόμενος, χωομένοιο, χώσατο, ἐχώσατο, χωόμενον, χωσαμένη, χωομένη, χωόμενοι and 9 more

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, genitive singular masculine

χωόμενος, "enraged," is the same root that will describe Achilles' own wrath later in the book — divine and mortal anger are cut from the same vocabulary.

χώρα

the place; space; ground 5 times

χώρης, χώρῃ, χώρη

genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

χῶρος

ground; place; in a place 16 times

χῶρον, χώρῳ, χῶρος

accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

χωλός

lame 3 times

χωλὸς, χωλαί, χωλὸν

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

χωρέω

gave ground; withdrew; would give way 12 times

ἐχώρησαν, χώρησαν, χώρησεν, χωρήσειεν, χωρήσουσι, χωρήσαντ, χωρήσαντες

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

Seen once or twice

Χάλκων

Chalcon once

Χάροπος

of Charopus once

Χάροψ

Charops once

χαλινός

bits once

χαλκεία

bronze once

χαλκεόφωνος

bronze-voiced once

χαλκεοθώραξ

bronze-corseleted once

χαλκεοθωρήξ

bronze-armored once

χαλκεύω

I forged once

χαλκίς

Chalcis once

χαλκόπους

bronze-hoofed; bronze-footed twice

χαλκότυπος

struck by bronze once

χαλκογλώχιν

bronze-pointed once

χαλκοκνήμις

bronze-greaved once

Χαλκωδοντιάδης

son of Chalcodon twice

χαμαιεύνης

sleeping on ground once

χαράδρα

ravine; torrents twice

χατέω

being in need; though needing help twice

χέραδος

gravel once

χέρνιβον

basin once

χειά

its lair twice

χειμάρροος

winter torrent once

χειρότερος

worse once

χερνῆτις

laborer once

χερνίπτομαι

washed their hands once

Χερσιδάμας

Chersidamas once

χεῦμα

band once

χῆρος

widowed once

χῆτος

for want twice

χηραμός

cleft once

χηρόω

emptied; you widowed twice

χηρωσταί

distant kinsmen once

χθαμαλός

the lowest once

Χίμαιρα

Chimera twice

χίμαιρα

she-goat once

χλούνης

a marauder once

χόανος

crucibles once

χόρτος

enclosure; courtyard twice

χολάς

bowels twice

χολάω

am angry once

χολωτός

angry twice

χοροιτυπία

stamping in dances once

χράομαι

using it once

χράω

seeking once

χραύω

grazes; attacked twice

χρεμετίζω

neighed loudly once

χρῄζω

needing once

χρόμαδος

crashing once

Χρόμις

Chromis once

χροιά

body once

χρυσάορος

golden-sworded twice

χρυσήνιος

golden-reined once

χρυσηλάκατος

golden-shafted; of golden arrows twice

Χρυσόθεμις

Chrysothemis twice

χρυσόπτερος

gold-winged twice

χωρίς

separately once

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
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Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.