Words of the Iliad 1732 Studios

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Words of the Iliad · 1316 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

̓ἀθήνη

Athena; to Athena; Athena's 5 times

Ἀθήνη, Ἀθήνῃ, Ἀθηναίης

nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

ἄαπτος

irresistible; unwearied 11 times

ἀάπτους, ἄαπτοι

accusative plural feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective

Epic epithet meaning not to be touched, checked, or resisted.

ἄατος

insatiate; insatiable; glutted 6 times

ἆτος, ἆτ, ἄατόν

nominative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

Ἄβας

Abantes; of the Abantes; Abas 5 times

Ἄβαντες, Ἀβάντων, Ἄβαντα

nominative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

The Abantes are marked in Homer by a distinctive long-hair-behind custom (line 542, "long-haired behind"), a grooming detail unique to this contingent in the Catalogue.

ἄγαμαι

marveling at; marveled at; we marveled at 12 times

ἀγασσάμενοι, ἠγάσσατο, ἀγασσάμεθ, ἀγάσησθε, ἀγάσσατο

aorist participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἄγγελος

messenger; messengers; as a messenger 25 times

ἄγγελος, ἄγγελον, ἄγγελός, ἄγγελοι

nominative singular feminine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἄγγελος, "messenger," is the Dream's own claim to authority — it speaks as if sent directly by Zeus, which the poem has just confirmed is true.

ἄγνυμι

breaks; snapped; broke 18 times

ἔαξε, ἄγη, ἐάγη, ἆξαι, ἄξῃ, ἆξον, ἄξω, ἐάγῃ and 5 more

aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive

ἄγραυλος

field-dwelling; of the fields; range-fed 6 times

ἀγραύλοιο, ἄγραυλοι

genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ἄγριος

savage; wild 19 times

ἄγριον, ἄγριος, ἀγρίου, ἄγρια

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

ἄγω

led; brought; leading 175 times

ἄγων, ἄγε, ἄγον, ἤγαγεν, ἄγειν, ἦγε, ἀγέμεν, ἄγαγε and 54 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

The middle can suggest bringing Helen back for himself.

Ἄδρηστος

Adrastus; of Adrastus 6 times

Ἄδρηστος, Ἄδρηστον, Ἄδρηστός, Ἀδρήστοιο

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

The founding king of Sicyon before his later, far more famous role as king of Argos and leader of the Seven against Thebes.

ἄελλα

storm-winds; storm wind; to a storm 7 times

ἄελλαι, ἀέλλῃ, ἀέλλη

nominative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

ἄημι

blowing; blow; blew 4 times

ἀέντες, ἄητον, ἄητο, ἀήμεναι

present active participle, nominative plural masculine; present active indicative, 2nd dual verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

A dual verb referring to Boreas and Zephyrus together.

ἄκμηνος

without food; fasting 4 times

ἄκμηνος, ἀκμήνους, ἄκμηνον

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

The adjective means fasting or unfed; Achilles transfers that bodily state to his grieving heart.

ἄκριτος

boundless; undivided; unresolved 7 times

ἄκριτα, ἄκριτον, ἄκριτοί

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ἄκρος

topmost; high; highest 43 times

ἀκροτάτῃ, ἄκρον, ἄκρην, ἄκρῃ, ἀκροτάτης, ἄκρῳ, ἀκρότατον, ἄκραι and 8 more

dative singular feminine superlative adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

ἄκων

of spears; spears; with spear 17 times

ἀκόντων, ἄκοντι, ἄκοντα, ἄκοντες

genitive plural masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἄλαλκε

ward off; might ward off; driving away 9 times

ἀλάλκοι, ἀλαλκών, ἀλαλκέμεναι, ἀλαλκεῖν, ἀλάλκοιεν, ἄλαλκε

aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἄλγος

pains; grief; woes 35 times

ἄλγεα, ἄλγε, ἄλγος, ἄλγεά, ἄλγεσι

accusative plural neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

ἄλγεα τιθέναι, "to set woes upon someone," is a stock Homeric phrase for inflicting suffering.

ἄλκιμος

valiant; stout; mighty 36 times

ἄλκιμον, ἄλκιμος, ἄλκιμα, ἄλκιμοι, ἄλκιμός

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

ἄλλος

other; others; another 396 times

ἄλλοι, ἄλλος, ἄλλων, ἄλλον, ἄλλους, ἄλλο, ἄλλα, ἄλλῳ and 17 more

nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective

ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος, literally "from another place, another [man]," is a distributive idiom collapsed into the single English phrase "from this side and that."

ἄλοχος

wife; wives; his wife 60 times

ἄλοχος, ἄλοχον, ἄλοχοι, ἀλόχους, ἄλοχόν, ἀλόχοιο, ἀλόχῳ, ἀλόχοισι and 5 more

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun

ἄμαξα

wagon; wagons; Wain 10 times

ἄμαξαν, ἀμαξάων, Ἄμαξαν, ἀμάξῃσιν

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive plural feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun

ἄμβροτος

immortal 11 times

ἄμβροτα, ἄμβροτον, ἄμβροτοι, ἄμβροτος

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἄμμορος

wretched; without share; luckless 3 times

ἄμμορον, ἄμμορός

accusative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

ἄμμορος means deprived of one's share or luckless, matching Helen's self-description.

ἄμφω

both 43 times

ἄμφω

nominative dual masculine adjective; accusative dual masculine adjective; accusative dual feminine adjective

Hera's equal love for both men — ἄμφω ὁμῶς, "both alike" — is the reason she intervenes: she is not protecting Achilles from Agamemnon, but protecting the Achaean cause both men still serve.

ἄν

would; may; (untranslated) 799 times

κεν, κε, ἂν, κ, κέν, κέ, ἄν, χ

κέν marks the potential mood; its force is already carried by the English "might."

ἄναλκις

cowardly; without strength; a coward 14 times

ἀνάλκιδα, ἄναλκις, ἀνάλκιδας, ἀνάλκιδες, ἀνάλκιδος

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

ἄναξ

lord; the lord; of their lords 151 times

ἄναξ, ἄνακτος, ἄνακτα, ἄνακτι, ἀνάκτων, ἄνα, ἄναχθ, ἄνακτ

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἄναξ, "lord," is Nestor's title as ruler of Pylos in his own right, distinct from Agamemnon's overall command of the expedition.

ἄνειμι

rising; coming home; coming up 8 times

ἀνιόντος, ἄνεισι, ἀνιόντα, ἀνιόντες, ἀνιόντι, ἀνιοῦσ

present active participle, genitive singular masculine; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, accusative singular masculine

ἄνεμος

winds; wind; the wind 41 times

ἀνέμων, ἀνέμοιο, ἄνεμος, ἀνέμοισι, ἄνεμοι, ἀνέμοισιν, ἀνέμῳ, ἄνεμον and 2 more

genitive plural masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

ἄνθος

flowers; blossoms; flower 5 times

ἄνθεσιν, ἄνθεα, ἄνθεσι, ἄνθος, ἄνθεϊ

dative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun

ἄνθρωπος

men; of men; mortals 72 times

ἀνθρώπων, ἀνθρώπους, ἀνθρώποισι, ἀνθρώποισιν, ἄνθρωποι, ἀνθρώπου, ἄνθρωπος

genitive plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun

Object of the preceding preposition; it does not itself include 'among'.

Ἄντιφος

Antiphus 6 times

Ἄντιφος, Ἄντιφον

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

This Maeonian Antiphus, son of Talaemenes, is a homonym of the earlier Antiphus, son of Thessalus, in the Rhodes/islands contingent.

ἄντομαι

met; met it; meeting 8 times

ἤντετο, ἀντομένη, ἀντόμεναι, ἄντεσθ, ἤντετ

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine; present medio-passive participle, nominative plural feminine

ἄντυξ

chariot rail; rim; rails 13 times

ἄντυγος, ἄντυγες, ἄντυγα, ἄντυγές, ἄντυξ, ἄντυγι, ἄντυγ

genitive singular feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

ἄνω

is waning; might require; northward 3 times

ἄνεται, ἄνοιτο, ἄνω

present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb; adverb

ἄνωγα

commands; command; urges 68 times

ἀνώγει, ἄνωγε, ἄνωγεν, ἄνωχθι, ἠνώγει, ἀνώγῃ, ἀνώγοι, ἄνωγας and 10 more

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

This perfect has present force: her heart is urging her now.

ἄξιος

worthy; worth; fair payment 9 times

ἄξια, ἄξιον, ἄξιος, ἄξιοί

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἄπειμι

going away; as he withdrew; while I am away 14 times

ἀπιόντος, ἀπέην, ἀπιόντα, ἀπεόντος, ἀπεόντων, ἀπιὼν, ἄπεσαν, ἀπέσσεσθαι

present active participle, genitive singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, accusative singular masculine

The genitive participle refers to Polydamas, the target of Ajax's cast.

ἄπιστος

untrustworthy; faithless 3 times

ἄπιστοι, ἄπιστε, ἄπιστος

nominative plural masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἄπρακτος

to no purpose; fruitless; unsuccessful 3 times

ἄπρηκτον, ἀπρήκτους, ἄπρηκτόν

accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

ἄπυρος

untouched by fire; unfired; unused 4 times

ἀπύρους, ἄπυρον

accusative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

These tripods are unused: they have not yet been set over a fire.

ἄρα

then; indeed; so 1046 times

ἄρ, ἄρα, ῥα, ῥ, ῥά, ἂρ, τὰρ, ἄρά

ῥά (an enclitic form of ἄρα) is a common Homeric inferential particle, marking that this fact follows naturally/as expected from what was just said.

Ἄργος

Argos; of Argos; from Argos 29 times

Ἄργος, Ἄργεος, Ἄργεϊ, Ἄργός, Ἄργει, Ἄργεΐ

accusative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun

ἄργυρος

silver; of silver 6 times

ἀργύρῳ, ἀργύρου, ἄργυρον

dative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἄρειος

warlike; for war; warriors 27 times

ἀρήϊος, ἀρήϊον, ἀρήϊοι, ἀρήϊα, Ἀρήϊα, Ἀρήϊοι

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

Ἄρης

Ares; of Ares; battle 150 times

Ἄρης, Ἄρηος, Ἄρηα, Ἄρηϊ, Ἄρῃ, Ἄρεος, Ἆρες, Ἄρες and 6 more

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

Ἄρηϊ, "Ares," used metonymically for battle itself, as often in Homer when the war-god’s name stands for war.

Ἄρητος

Aretus; of Aretus 3 times

Ἄρητος, Ἀρήτοιο, Ἄρητον

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἄριστον

best; very well; morning meal 3 times

ἄριστα, ἄριστον

nominative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun

Here ariston is the morning meal, not the adjective 'best'.

ἄριστος

best; the best; best men 138 times

ἄριστοι, ἄριστος, ἀρίστους, ἄριστον, ἀρίστη, ὤριστος, ἀρίστην, ἄριστα and 6 more

nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective

Nestor calls Agamemnon "far the best of the Achaeans" as ruling king, a claim of primacy the poem's whole plot complicates — the actual best fighter, Achilles, is the one currently refusing to fight.

ἄρνυμαι

winning; they were competing 4 times

ἀρνύμενοι, ἀρνυμένω, ἀρνύμενος, ἀρνύσθην

present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

ἄρουρα

plowland; field; earth 27 times

ἀρούρης, ἄρουραν, ἄρουρα, ἀρούρας, ἄρουραι, ἀρούρῃ

genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

ἄρρηκτος

unbreakable; unbroken 8 times

ἄρρηκτον, ἄρρηκτος, ἀρρήκτους, ἄρρηκτόν

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective

ἄρσην

male 5 times

ἄρσενα, ἄρσην, ἄρσενος, ἄρσενας, ἄρσενες

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular noun

ἄρχω

led; was leader; began 80 times

ἦρχε, ἦρχ, ἄρχε, ἦρχον, ἦρχεν, ἄρξωσι, ἤρχετο, ἄρχει and 9 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἄσβεστος

unquenchable; unceasing 10 times

ἄσβεστος, ἀσβέστη, ἀσβέστῳ, ἄσβεστον

nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective

ἄσβεστος γέλως, "unquenchable laughter," is one of the Iliad's most famous phrases — the gods' carefree mirth at Hephaestus's lame bustling closes the book's mortal grief on a note of untroubled Olympian ease.

Ἄσιος

Asius; Asian; for Asius 13 times

Ἄσιος, Ἄσιον, Ἀσίω, Ἀσίου

nominative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

"Asian" here names the local Lydian district of Asios, not the continent Asia.

ἄσπετος

vast; unspeakable; boundless 17 times

ἄσπετον, ἄσπετος, ἄσπετα, ἀσπέτῳ

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

ἄστυ

city; the city; the town 87 times

ἄστυ, ἄστεος, ἄστύ, ἄστεα

accusative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun

ἄτη

delusion; Delusion; Ate 20 times

ἄτην, ἄτῃ, ἄτης, ἄτη, ἄτας, Ἄτην, ἄτῃσι, Ἄτη and 1 more

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

ἄτη, "ruin" or "blind folly sent by a god," is the same concept that will later be blamed for Agamemnon's quarrel with Achilles in Book 19 — a recurring Homeric idea that catastrophic error comes from divine entanglement, not simple human fault.

ἄτιμος

dishonored; most dishonored; less honored 3 times

ἄτιμος, ἀτιμοτάτη, ἀτιμότερον

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine superlative adjective; accusative singular masculine comparative adjective

ἄφθιτος

imperishable; unfading 8 times

ἄφθιτον, ἄφθιτα, ἄφθιτος

accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

This formulaic phrase, 'unfading glory,' defines Achilles' heroic choice.

ἄφρων

witless; foolish; the fool 8 times

ἄφρων, ἄφρονι, ἄφρονα, ἄφρονά

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; dative singular adjective

ἄχθομαι

weighed down; am troubled; was heavy 4 times

ἤχθετο, ἀχθομένην, ἄχθομαι

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, accusative singular feminine; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb

ἄχνη

chaff; foam; spray 5 times

ἄχνας, ἄχνην, ἄχνη, ἄχνῃ

accusative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

ἄχος

grief; griefs; by grief 41 times

ἄχος, ἄχε, ἄχεος, ἄχεϊ, ἀχέων

nominative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun

ἄψορρος

back again; turning back; back 8 times

ἄψορρον, ἄψορροι, ἄψορρόν

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ἄω

to glut; to glut themselves; to glut itself 14 times

ἆσαι, ἄσαιμι, ἄσειν, ἄσῃ, ἄσασθαι, ἄμεναι, ἄσεσθε

aorist active infinitive; aorist active optative, 1st singular verb; future active infinitive

In this feeding context the verb means 'give enough of food,' hence 'fed you.'

ἄωτον

the finest sheet; with a thong twice

ἄωτον, ἀώτῳ

accusative singular neuter noun; dative singular masculine noun

Literally the choicest part of linen, here a fine linen sheet.

ἆθλον

prize; prizes; as prizes 26 times

ἄεθλον, ἄεθλα, ἀέθλια

accusative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

ἆθλος

struggles; of the contest; a contest 8 times

ἀέθλου, ἀέθλων, ἀέθλους, ἀέθλῳ, ἀέθλοισι

genitive singular masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun

ἀάω

was blinded; i was blinded; blinds 12 times

ἀασάμην, ἀάσατο, ἀάσθη, ἀᾶται, ἄασας, ἄσατο, ἀάσθην

aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

The middle presents Agamemnon as caught up in ruinous delusion, not merely making a calculated mistake.

ἀγάλλω

glorying; exulting; exults 5 times

ἀγάλλεται, ἀγαλλόμενα, ἀγαλλόμενος, ἀγαλλόμεναι

present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

ἀγαθός

good; noble; valiant 86 times

ἀγαθὸς, ἀγαθὸν, ἀγαθός, ἀγαθόν, ἀγαθὰ, ἀγαθὴ, ἀγαθοῦ, ἀγαθοῖο and 7 more

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

ἀγαθός περ ἐών ("brave though you are") is another καί/περ-style concessive: Nestor concedes Achilles' valor before overruling it with an appeal to rank.

ἀγακλεής

glorious; Agacles 5 times

ἀγακλῆος, Ἀγακλῆος, ἀγακλεὲς, ἀγακλεές

genitive singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular neuter adjective

ἀγακλειτός

famed; glorious; renowned 5 times

ἀγακλειτοῦ, ἀγακλειτῶν, ἀγακλειτὸν, ἀγακλειτὴ, ἀγακλειτοὺς

genitive singular masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

Ἀγαμέμνων

Agamemnon; of Agamemnon; to Agamemnon 164 times

Ἀγαμέμνων, Ἀγαμέμνονι, Ἀγαμέμνονα, Ἀγαμέμνονος, Ἀγάμεμνον

nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

The "but" that sets Agamemnon apart from the busy camp belongs to an untagged word in this edition's word list (an upstream id gap) — it is not invented here, but it is why "Agamemnon" arrives with an adversative force in the translation.

Ἀγαμεμνόνεος

Agamemnon's 3 times

Ἀγαμεμνονέην, Ἀγαμεμνονέης

accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective

ἀγανός

gentle; soothing 7 times

ἀγανοῖς, ἀγανοῖσιν, ἀγανῇσι, ἀγανοῖσι

dative plural neuter adjective; dative plural feminine adjective

ἀγαπήνωρ

manly; high-hearted; brave 5 times

ἀγαπήνορος, ἀγαπήνωρ, ἀγαπήνορα

genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἀγαυός

noble; glorious; of glorious 21 times

ἀγαυοῦ, ἀγαυοὶ, ἀγαυὸν, ἀγαυοί, ἀγαυῶν, Ἀγαυόν

genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἀγγέλλω

carry the message; carry his message; tell 13 times

ἀγγελέουσα, ἀγγελέουσαν, ἀγγελλόντων, ἀγγελέουσι, ἀγγείλας, ἀγγεῖλαι, ἀγγελέοντα, ἤγγειλ and 1 more

future active participle, nominative singular feminine; future active participle, accusative singular feminine; present active imperative, 3rd plural verb

ἀγγελία

message; news; as a messenger 16 times

ἀγγελίην, ἀγγελίης, ἀγγελίῃ

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

ἀγγελίης

on an embassy once

ἀγγελίης

The phrase marks a formal embassy: Odysseus and Menelaus had come to negotiate Helen’s return.

ἀγέλη

a herd; in the herd; herds 9 times

ἀγέλην, ἀγέληφι, ἀγέλας, ἀγέλης

accusative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

ἀγείρω

gathered; gathering; had gathered 31 times

ἀγείρας, ἀγρόμενοι, ἤγερθεν, ἠγείροντο, ἀγέροντο, ἀγρομένοισιν, ἀγέρθη, ἀγείρομεν and 13 more

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine

ἀγελείη

driver of spoil 5 times

ἀγελείης, ἀγελείη, ἀγελείην

genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

ἀγήνωρ

proud; high-hearted 13 times

ἀγήνωρ, ἀγήνορι, ἀγήνορας

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective

Ἀγήνωρ

Agenor; of Agenor; at Agenor 13 times

Ἀγήνωρ, Ἀγήνορα, Ἀγήνορος, Ἀγήνορι

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

ἀγήραος

unaging; ageless 4 times

ἀγήρω, ἀγήρων, ἀγήρως

nominative dual masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἀγηνορία

into pride; high spirit; to his boldness 3 times

ἀγηνορίῃσιν, ἀγηνορίη, ἀγηνορίης

dative plural feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

ἀγητός

splendid; admirable 4 times

ἀγητοί, ἀγητὸν, ἀγητός

vocative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἀγκυλομήτης

crooked-counseling; crooked-scheming 6 times

ἀγκυλομήτεω

ἀγκυλομήτης, "of crooked/curved counsel," is Cronos’s standing epithet, recalling his own scheming overthrow of Uranus.

ἀγκών

elbow; corner; of the elbow 6 times

ἀγκῶνος, ἀγκῶνα, ἀγκῶνάς

genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun

ἀγλαία

in his splendor twice

ἀγλαΐηφι

The ending -φι is an epic instrumental: he trusts 'in/by his splendor.'

ἀγλαός

glorious; splendid; shining 43 times

ἀγλαὰ, ἀγλαὸς, ἀγλαὸν, ἀγλά, ἀγλαὲ

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἀγορά

assembly; in assembly; the assembly 42 times

ἀγορῇ, ἀγορὴν, ἀγορὴ, ἀγορήν, ἀγορή, ἀγοράων, ἀγορὰς, ἀγορέων and 1 more

accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

This is the poem's first ἀγορή, the formal assembly — the institution through which the Achaean army will air and try to resolve the quarrel that follows.

ἀγοράομαι

addressed; addressed them; rose 12 times

ἀγορήσατο, ἀγοράασθε, ἠγορόωντο, ἠγοράασθε

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀγορεύω

spoke; speak; you speak 64 times

ἀγορεύεις, ἀγόρευε, ἀγόρευον, ἀγορεύων, ἀγορεύειν, ἀγορευέμεν, ἀγόρευ, ἀγορεύω and 7 more

present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀγορητής

speaker; orator; speakers 6 times

ἀγορητής, ἀγορηταὶ, ἀγορητὴν

nominative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἀγρότερος

wild; of the fields; huntress 5 times

ἀγροτεράων, ἀγροτέρῳ, ἀγροτέροισι, ἀγροτέρη, ἀγροτέρας

genitive plural feminine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective

ἀγχέμαχος

close-fighting 4 times

ἀγχέμαχοι, ἀγχεμάχων, ἀγχεμάχοις

nominative plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective

Ἀγχίσης

of Anchises; Anchises; son 12 times

Ἀγχίσαο, Ἀγχίσῃ, Ἀγχίσης

genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

ἀγχιμαχητής

close fighters; close-fighting; fight hand to hand 6 times

ἀγχιμαχηταὶ, ἀγχιμαχηταί

vocative plural masculine noun; vocative plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine noun

ἀγών

the gathering; gathering; assembly 23 times

ἀγῶνι, ἀγῶνα, ἀγῶνος, ἀγών

dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

ἀδελφός

brother; his brother; his brother’s 16 times

ἀδελφεὸν, ἀδελφειοῦ, ἀδελφεός, ἀδελφεὸς, ἀδελφεόν, ἀδελφεοὶ

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

ἀδινός

piercing; crowded; strong 5 times

ἁδινοῦ, ἁδινάων, ἁδινὸν, ἁδινῶς

genitive singular masculine adjective; genitive plural feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

ἀέκων

unwilling; against their will; against my will 28 times

ἀέκοντε, ἀέκοντας, ἀέκοντα, ἀέκων, ἀέκοντος, ἀέκουσ, ἀέκοντί, ἀέκουσιν

nominative dual masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἀέκοντος ἐμεῖο is a genitive absolute, "with me unwilling" — grammatically detached from the main clause, it isolates Achilles' consent as the one thing not yet taken from him.

ἀέξω

grew stronger; will increase; to increase 7 times

ἀέξετο, ἀέξει, ἀέξειν, ἀέξων, ἀέξω, ἀέξεται

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive

ἀείδω

singing; sing; sang 8 times

ἄειδε, ἀείδοντες, ἄειδον, ἀείδοιεν, ἀείδων

present active participle, nominative plural masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb

ἀείρω

having lifted; lifted; lifting 40 times

ἀείρας, ἄειρε, ἄειραν, ἀειρομένη, ἄωρτο, ἄειρεν, ἀείραντες, ἀροίμεθά and 11 more

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀειρομένη, "being raised," is the participle behind the English image of dust rising "in a cloud."

ἀεικής

shameful; unseemly; hideous 21 times

ἀεικέα, ἀεικὲς, ἀεικὴς, ἀεικέσσι, ἀεικές

accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

ἀεικίζω

to dishonor; mutilate; mutilate him 7 times

ἀεικίσσωσι, ἀεικισσαίμεθ, ἀεικιῶ, ἀεικίσσασθαι, ἀείκιζεν, ἀεικίζει

aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb

ἀερσίπους

high-stepping 3 times

ἀερσίποδες, ἀερσιπόδων

nominative plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective

ἀετός

an eagle; eagle 9 times

αἰετὸς, αἰετὸν, αἰετός, αἰετοῦ

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

ἀζαλέος

dry; parched 3 times

ἀζαλέην, ἀζαλέας, ἀζαλέοιο

accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective; genitive singular neuter adjective

ἀζηχής

unceasingly; ceaseless; without pause 4 times

ἀζηχὲς, ἀζηχὴς

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἀήρ

in mist; mist; haze 20 times

ἠέρι, ἠέρα, ἠέρος, ἀὴρ

dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἀθάνατος

immortal; immortals; the immortals 107 times

ἀθανάτοισι, ἀθανάτων, ἀθανάτοισιν, ἀθάνατοι, ἀθάνατος, ἀθανάτῃσι, ἀθανάτοιο, ἀθάνατοί and 7 more

dative plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

Epic dative plural in -οισι; used substantivally, 'the immortal ones' = the gods.

Ἀθήνη

Athena; Athena's; to Athena 156 times

Ἀθήνη, Ἀθηναίη, Ἀθηναίην, Ἀθηναίης, Ἀθήνῃ, Ἀθηναίῃ, Ἀθήνην, Ἀθήνης

nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

Ἀθηναῖος

of the Athenians; Athenians 6 times

Ἀθηναίων, Ἀθηναῖοι

genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine noun

ἀθλεύω

to compete; were holding games; may compete 4 times

ἀεθλεύειν, ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἀεθλεύωσιν, ἀθλεύων

present active infinitive; present active optative, 1st plural verb; present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb

ἀθλοφόρος

prize-winning 5 times

ἀθλοφόρους, ἀθλοφόροι, ἀεθλοφόρος, ἀεθλοφόροι

accusative plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἀίδηλος

consuming; destructive; destroying 6 times

ἀΐδηλον, ἀΐδηλος, ἀϊδήλως

nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

Ἀίδης

of Hades; Hades; to Hades 9 times

Ἄϊδος, Ἀϊδωνῆϊ, Ἄϊδι, Ἄϊδός

genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ἀίσθω

breathing out; breathed out twice

ἀΐσθων, ἄϊσθε

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

the imperfect pictures his life-breath leaving him.

ἀίσσω

darting; darted; rushing 50 times

ἀΐξασα, ἀΐξας, ἤϊξεν, ἀΐξαντε, ἀΐσσονται, ἀΐσσων, ἤϊξε, ἀΐξαντα and 15 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

The feminine plural participle describes the wife and mother rushing onto the wagon.

ἀίω

heard; hearing; do you hear 14 times

ἀΐεις, ἄϊε, ἄϊον, ἀΐοντι, ἀΐοιεν, ἄϊεν, ἀΐοντες, ἀΐων and 1 more

present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, dative singular masculine

Ἀΐδης

of Hades; to Hades; Hades 12 times

Ἄϊδος, Ἄϊδι, Ἀΐδαο, Ἀΐδεω, Ἀΐδης, Ἀΐδην

genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

Ἀκάμας

Acamas; at Acamas 10 times

Ἀκάμας, Ἀκάμαντ, Ἀκάμαντι, Ἀκάμαντος, Ἀκάμαντα

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

This Acamas, son of Antenor, is a homonym of the Thracian leader Acamas named later in this same catalogue (line 844).

ἀκέομαι

healed; heal; were quenching 7 times

ἠκέσατ, ἀκέοντό, ἀκεώμεθα, ἀκειόμενοι, ἄκεσσαι

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb

ἀκήριος

spiritless; against his will; lifeless 6 times

ἀκήριον, ἀκήριοι

nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἀκηδής

without care; uncared for 3 times

ἀκηδέες, ἀκηδής

nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἀκηδής describes Hector's body as neglected/uncared for, not as carefree.

ἀκμή

edge once

ἀκμῆς

Together with “razor,” this forms the vivid idiom “on a razor's edge.”

ἀκόρητος

insatiate 6 times

ἀκόρητοι, ἀκόρητος, ἀκορήτω, ἀκόρητον

vocative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative dual masculine adjective

ἀκοντίζω

cast; to cast; hurled 28 times

ἀκόντισε, ἀκοντίσσαι, ἀκόντισεν, ἀκοντίσσαντος, ἀκοντίζουσι, ἀκόντιζον, ἠκόντισαν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine

ἀκούω

heard; hearing; hear 71 times

ἀκούσας, ἄκουσε, ἄκουσα, ἀκούων, ἀκουέμεν, ἄκουον, ἄκουσαν, ἀκούσῃ and 22 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active infinitive

ἀκούομεν is first-person plural, not an unmarked 'hear'.

ἀκράαντος

unfinished once

ἀκράαντον

The "work" (ἔργον) is the sack of Troy itself — the army’s original purpose, still unaccomplished after nine years.

ἀκριτόμυθος

reckless babbler once

ἀκριτόμυθε

ἀκριτόμυθος, "of unmeasured/undecided speech," is a compound insult — the opposite of the disciplined public speech expected of kings, which is exactly what Odysseus goes on to accuse Thersites of lacking.

ἀκτή

shore; shores; grain 9 times

ἀκτὴν, ἀκτῇ, ἀκτήν, ἀκταῖς, ἀκτάων, ἀκτῆς

accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun

Ἀκτορίων

sons of Actor; Actor's son 4 times

Ἀκτορίωνε, Ἀκτορίωνος

nominative dual masculine noun; accusative dual masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

This Eurytus, son of Actor, is a different man from Eurytus of Oechalia named earlier in the Catalogue (l596); likewise this Actor is distinct from the Boeotian Actor, son of Azeus, named earlier still.

ἀκωκή

point; the point; spearpoint 13 times

ἀκωκή, ἀκωκὴ, ἀκωκῇ, ἀκωκῆς

nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

ἀλάομαι

wandering; wandered; do you wander 4 times

ἀλώμενος, ἀλᾶτο, ἀλωμένη, ἀλᾶσθε

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine

ἀλαλύκτημαι

I am distraught once

ἀλαλύκτημαι

A reduplicated perfect conveying his continuing distraught condition.

ἀλαπάζω

to sack; sack; laying waste 9 times

ἀλαπάξαι, ἀλαπάξεις, ἀλαπάζοντα, ἀλάπαξ, ἀλάπαζε, ἀλάπαξα, ἀλαπάζει, ἀλαπαζομένην

aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; future active indicative, 2nd singular verb

ἀλαπαδνός

weak; weaker 6 times

ἀλαπαδνόν, ἀλαπαδνὸς, ἀλαπαδνότεροι, ἀλαπαδναὶ

nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine comparative adjective

ἀλέγω

care; heed; tend the damage 4 times

ἀλέγω, ἀλέγουσι, ἀλέγοντες

present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active indicative, 1st singular verb

The verb implies attending to and repairing the harm left by Delusion.

Ἀλέξανδρος

Paris; of Paris; Alexander 43 times

Ἀλέξανδρος, Ἀλεξάνδροιο, Ἀλέξανδρον, Ἀλεξάνδρου, Ἀλέξανδρός, Ἀλεξάνδρῳ

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἀλέξω

to ward off; to defend; to ward 17 times

ἀλεξέμεναι, ἀλέξασθαι, ἀλεξώμεσθα, ἀλεξήσειν, ἀλεξέμεν, ἀλεξήσοντα, ἀλεξήσεις

present active infinitive; future active infinitive; aorist middle infinitive

Epic infinitive in -μεν, expressing what they are eager to do.

ἀλέομαι

avoided; escaped; avoiding 22 times

ἠλεύατο, ἀλεύατο, ἀλευάμενος, ἀλέασθαι, ἀλευάμενον, ἀλεώμεθα, ἀλέοντο, ἄλευαι

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle infinitive

ἀλέω

to avoid; avoid; might find shelter 4 times

ἀλέασθαι, ἀλεώμεθα, ἀλέαιτο

aorist middle infinitive; present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb; aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb

The optative belongs to a past-purpose clause: the wall was built so Heracles might escape.

ἀλεγεινός

grievous; hard; distressing 21 times

ἀλεγεινῆς, ἀλεγεινῇ, ἀλεγεινή, ἀλεγεινοὶ, ἀλεγεινήν, ἀλεγεινὸς, ἀλεγεινὰ, ἀλεγεινά

genitive singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

ἀλεγίζω

care; heed; paid heed 6 times

ἀλεγίζω, ἀλεγίζεις, ἀλέγιζε, ἀλεγίζει

present active indicative, 1st singular verb; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀλεείνω

avoiding; shrank from; shunning 18 times

ἀλεείνων, ἀλέεινε, ἀλεείνει, ἀλέεινεν, ἀλεείνεις, ἀλεείνοντες

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀλείφω

anointed herself; having anointed themselves; having anointed 5 times

ἀλειψαμένω, ἀλείψατο, ἀλειψαμένη, ἤλειψαν, ἀλεῖψαι

aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine

The middle voice marks Hera acting on herself: she anointed her own body.

ἀλεωρή

as defense; escape 3 times

ἀλεωρήν, ἀλεωρῆς

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

The noun denotes escape or refuge in this context.

ἀλίαστος

unending; unyielding; insatiable 7 times

ἀλίαστον, ἀλίαστος

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

ἀλίαστος describes lament that does not cease.

ἀλιταίνω

transgress; wronged; sins 4 times

ἀλίτηται, ἤλιτεν, ἀλίτωμαι

aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 1st singular verb

The first-person subjunctive means 'I transgress,' not 'wronged.'

Ἀλκάθοος

Alcathous 4 times

Ἀλκαθόῳ, Ἀλκάθοος, Ἀλκάθοον

dative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἀλκή

valor; courage; strength 58 times

ἀλκῆς, ἀλκή, ἀλκήν, ἀλκὴν, Ἀλκή, ἀλκὴ

genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

Ἀλκιμέδων

Alcimedon 6 times

Ἀλκιμέδων, Ἀλκίμεδον, Ἀλκιμέδοντα

nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἀλλά

but; yet; come 775 times

ἀλλ, ἀλλὰ, ἀλλά

adverb; conjunction

This ἀλλ' completes the μέν...ἀλλά contrast begun at line 22: the whole army agreed, but Agamemnon's heart alone refused — the single dissent that starts the poem's plot.

ἀλλήλων

one another; to one another; each other 113 times

ἀλλήλους, ἀλλήλοισιν, ἀλλήλων, ἀλλήλοισι, ἀλλήλῃσι, ἀλλήλοις, ἀλλήλοιιν, ἀλλήλοισί and 1 more

dative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective

ἀλλοδαπός

foreign; with foreigners; foreigner 4 times

ἀλλοδαποῖσι, ἀλλοδαπός, ἀλλοδαπῷ, ἀλλοδαποὺς

dative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective

ἀλύσκω

escape; having escaped; to escape 9 times

ἀλύξαι, ἀλύξας, ἀλύξῃ, ἀλύξειν, ἤλυξε

aorist active infinitive; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb

Ἀλφειός

of the Alpheus; the Alpheus; to Alpheus 5 times

Ἀλφειοῖο, Ἀλφειῷ, Ἀλφειοῦ

genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ἀλωή

orchard; vineyard; threshing floor 13 times

ἀλωῆς, ἀλωὴν, ἀλωήν, ἀλωῇ, ἀλωάων, ἀλωὰς

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

ἀμαλδύνω

blotted away; to obliterate; after obliterating 3 times

ἀμαλδύνηται, ἀμαλδῦναι, ἀμαλδύνας

aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἀμβρόσιος

ambrosial; immortal 17 times

ἀμβροσίην, ἀμβρόσιον, ἀμβρόσιος, ἀμβροσίῳ, ἀμβρόσιαι, ἀμβροσίου, ἀμβροσίῃσι, ἀμβροσίους and 2 more

accusative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

ἀμέρδω

dazzled; rob; you are robbed 3 times

ἄμερδεν, ἀμέρσαι, ἀμερθῇς

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb

ἀμείβω

answered; answering; exchanged 75 times

ἠμείβετ, ἀμειβόμενος, ἀμείβετο, ἠμείβετο, ἀμειβόμεναι, ἀμείψατο, ἄμειβε, ἀμείψεται and 9 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀμείλιχος

unrelenting; unyielding 3 times

ἀμείλιχος, ἀμείλιχον, ἀμειλίχου

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

ἀμείνων

better; stronger; greater 36 times

ἀμείνων, ἄμεινον, ἀμείνονα, ἀμείνω, ἀμείνονες, ἀμείνονας, ἀμείνονος, ἀμείνονι and 1 more

nominative singular masculine comparative adjective; nominative singular neuter comparative adjective; accusative singular masculine comparative adjective

ἀμείνων, comparative "better," sets up the poem's real grievance underneath Thersites' outburst: Achilles, demonstrably the better man, is the one who was wronged.

ἀμήχανος

beyond remedy; unmanageable; hard to persuade 8 times

ἀμήχανα, ἀμήχανός, ἀμήχανος, ἀμήχανον, ἀμήχανε

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

ἀμπελόεις

rich in vines; vine-clad 4 times

ἀμπελόεσσαν, ἀμπελόεντ

accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἀμύμων

blameless; to blameless 65 times

ἀμύμονα, ἀμύμονος, ἀμύμων, ἀμύμονι, ἀμύμονά, ἀμύμονες, ἀμύμονας

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

μάντις ἀμύμων, "blameless seer," is the narrator's own judgment of Calchas — set right before Agamemnon calls him "seer of evils" a few lines later, the poem quietly sides against the king.

ἀμύνω

to defend; warded off; defending 79 times

ἀμύνειν, ἀμυνέμεν, ἀμῦναι, ἀμύνει, ἀμυνέμεναι, ἀμύνων, ἀμυνόμενοι, ἄμυνεν and 17 more

present active infinitive; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive

ἀμυνόμενον describes Hector defending his country, not acting in his own defense.

ἀμφίβροτος

man-covering; man-enclosing; body-covering 4 times

ἀμφιβρότης, ἀμφιβρότην

genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

ἀμφίβροτος, "covering a man all around," describes the great body-shield’s size rather than any decoration.

Ἀμφίμαχος

Amphimachus; for Amphimachus 6 times

Ἀμφίμαχος, Ἀμφιμάχοιο, Ἀμφίμαχός, Ἀμφίμαχον

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

This Carian Amphimachus, son of Nomion, is a homonym of Amphimachus, son of Cteatus, in the Epeian/Elis contingent named earlier in the Catalogue.

ἀμφίπολος

handmaids; attendants; attendant 12 times

ἀμφίπολοι, ἀμφιπόλοισι, ἀμφίπολος, ἀμφιπόλους, ἀμφιπόλοισιν, ἀμφίπολον

nominative plural feminine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine noun

ἀμφίπολον is accusative singular.

ἀμφίς

apart; all around; on either side 27 times

ἀμφὶς, ἀμφίς

adverb; preposition

ἀμφὶς φράζονται, "take counsel apart," spans this line and the next — the gods have stopped disagreeing among themselves about the war.

ἀμφίστημι

they stood around; stood around 4 times

ἀμφέσταν, ἀμφίσταθ

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

The verb has the singular crowd as its subject.

ἀμφιβαίνω

stand guard over; surrounds; had reached 6 times

ἀμφιβέβηκας, ἀμφιβεβήκει, ἀμφιβέβηκεν, ἀμφιβέβηκε

perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀμφιγύεις

lame in both legs 8 times

ἀμφιγυήεις

ἀμφιγυήεις, "lame in both limbs," is Hephaestus's standing epithet — the poem names his disability in the same breath as his craftsmanship, framing the very houses of Olympus as his work.

Ἀμφιδάμας

to Amphidamas; Amphidamas; of Amphidamas 3 times

Ἀμφιδάμαντι, Ἀμφιδάμας, Ἀμφιδάμαντος

dative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

ἀμφιέλισσα

curved; curved on both sides 7 times

ἀμφιελίσσας, ἀμφιέλισσαι

accusative plural feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine adjective

ἀμφιέπω

engulfed; drawing them up; attending him 9 times

ἀμφιέποντες, ἄμφεπον, ἄμφεπεν, ἄμφεπε, ἀμφίεπον

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative plural masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀμφιθαλής

a two-parented boy once

ἀμφιθαλὴς

The adjective means a child with both parents living, pointedly contrasting the orphaned Astyanax.

ἀμφικαλύπτω

enfolded; cover; covered 11 times

ἀμφεκάλυψεν, ἀμφεκάλυψε, ἀμφικαλύπτει, ἀμφικαλύψω, ἀμφικαλύπτοι

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb

ἀμφιμάχομαι

fight around; they fought; i fight around 8 times

ἀμφεμάχοντο, ἀμφιμάχονται, ἀμφιμάχεσθαι, ἀμφιμάχωμαι, ἀμφιμάχωνται

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive infinitive

ἀμφινέμομαι

dwelt about; dwell around 9 times

ἀμφενέμοντο, ἀμφινέμονται

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀμφιπένομαι

were tending; labored; attend to 6 times

ἀμφεπένοντο, ἀμφιπένονται

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀμφιχέω

was poured about; pouring around; poured around 4 times

ἀμφιχυθείς, ἀμφέχυτ, ἀμφιχυθῆναι

aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive infinitive

The passive participle pictures Sleep as poured or spread around Zeus, enveloping him.

ἀμφότερος

both; both sides; of both 76 times

ἀμφοτέρων, ἀμφοτέρω, ἀμφοτέροισιν, ἀμφοτέροισι, ἀμφότεροι, ἀμφότερον, ἀμφοτέρους, ἀμφοτέρας and 5 more

dative plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

The neuter singular is adverbial: 'in both respects,' hence 'both.'

ἀνά

through; up; throughout 131 times

ἀνὰ, ἂν, ἀν, ἂμ, ἀνά, ἄνα, ἄν

preposition; adverb

ἀνὰ...εἷσεν (completed next line) is tmesis of ἀνίζω, "to set/lead up aboard" — split across the line break to describe Chryseis being led onto the ship.

ἀνάγκη

by force; necessity; by necessity 19 times

ἀνάγκῃ, ἀνάγκη, ἀναγκαίῃ, ἀναγκαίηφι

dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun

ἀνάγω

put out to sea; you carried off; brought home 7 times

ἀνήγαγεν, ἀνάγοντο, ἀνῆγες, ἀνάγουσι, ἀνάγοντες, ἀνήγαγον

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb

ἀνάσσω

rule; ruled; ruling 36 times

ἀνάσσεις, ἀνάσσει, ἀνάσσων, ἄνασσε, ἀνάσσειν, ἀνασσέμεν, ἤνασσε, ἀνάξει and 2 more

present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive

Achilles builds a tricolon across this line and the next — rule over all, be lord of all, command all — piling up near-synonyms to make Agamemnon's ambition sound absurd.

ἀναβαίνω

went up; having climbed; went aboard 8 times

ἀναβὰς, ἀναβάντες, ἀνέβη, ἀναβάς, ἀμβαίνοντες

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀναδύνω

she rose; rose up; draw back 4 times

ἀνέδυ, ἀνεδύσετο, ἀναδῦναι, ἀνδύεται

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive

ἀναίνομαι

refused; to refuse; i do not deny 9 times

ἀναίνετο, ἀνήνασθαι, ἀναίνομαι, ἀνήνηται, ἀναίνεται, ἠναίνετο, ἀνήνατο

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle infinitive; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb

ἀναίσσω

springing up; sprang up; would spring up 11 times

ἀναΐξας, ἀνήϊξαν, ἀναΐξειεν, ἀναΐξειαν, ἀναΐξαντες, ἀναΐσσουσι, ἀναΐξαντ

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

ἀναίτιος

guiltless; blameless 3 times

ἀναίτιον, ἀναίτιος

accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἀναιδής

shameless one; pitiless; shameless 4 times

ἀναιδὲς, ἀναιδὴς, ἀναιδέα, ἀναιδέος

vocative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἀναιρέω

took up; having taken; taking it 9 times

ἀνελὼν, ἀνέλοντο, ἀνελέσθαι, ἀνείλετο, ἀνέληται, ἀνελόντες

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle infinitive

ἀνανεύω

nodded refusal; shook his head 4 times

ἀνένευε, ἀνένευσε

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

A divine nod of refusal contrasts with the request Zeus grants.

ἀναπάλλω

having poised it; sprang upward; reared 12 times

ἀμπεπαλὼν, ἀνέπαλτο, ἀνεπᾶλτο, ἀναπάλλεται, ἀνέπαλτ

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

The reduplicated aorist participle describes balancing and brandishing the spear before the cast.

ἀναπίμπλημι

fulfill; having fulfilled; after suffering 6 times

ἀναπλήσαντες, ἀναπλήσῃς, ἀναπλήσας

aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἀναπνέω

caught breath; may breathe again; caught his breath 12 times

ἀναπνεύσωσι, ἀνέπνευσαν, ἀνέπνεον, ἀμπνύνθη, ἀμπνεῦσαι, ἀναπνεύσειε, ἀναπνεύσωσιν, ἄμπνυε

aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀναπρήθω

bursting forth once

ἀναπρήσας

Literally 'having swollen up tears,' a vivid expression for bursting into tears.

ἀναρρήγνυμι

tear apart; having torn open; should split open 3 times

ἀναρρήξας, ἀναρρήξαντε, ἀναρρήξειε

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

The optative presents Hades fearfully imagining what Poseidon might do.

ἀναστενάχω

mourned; mourn 3 times

ἀνεστενάχοντο, ἀναστενάχουσιν

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀνατρέχω

ran back; gushed; shot up 6 times

ἀνέδραμεν, ἀνέδραμε, ἀνέδραμον

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀναφαίνω

emerges; make known; comes into view 5 times

ἀναφαίνεται, ἀναφαίνεις, ἀναφαίνων

present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἀναχάζω

drew back; drawing back; am giving ground 13 times

ἀνεχάζετο, ἀναχασσάμενος, ἀναχάζομαι, ἀναχαζόμενον, ἀναχαζομένοιο, ἀνεχάζεθ, ἀναχασσαμένη

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist participle, nominative singular masculine

ἀναχωρέω

drawing back; let him fall back; they will withdraw 12 times

ἀναχωρήσας, ἀναχωρείτω, ἀναχωρήσουσιν, ἀναχωρήσαντα, ἀνεχώρησεν, ἀνεχώρησαν, ἀναχωρῆσαι

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active imperative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine

ἀναψύχω

cooling; were cooled; took heart 3 times

ἀναψύχοντα, ἀνέψυχθεν, ἀνέψυχον

present active participle, accusative singular masculine; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀνδροκτασία

slaughter; acts of slaughter; killing 5 times

ἀνδροκτασίης, ἀνδροκτασιάων, ἀνδροκτασίας, ἀνδροκτασίαι

genitive singular feminine noun; genitive plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

ἀνδροκτασίαι is nominative plural, parallel to plural battles.

ἀνδροφόνος

man-slaying; man-killing 16 times

ἀνδροφόνοιο, ἀνδροφόνους

genitive singular masculine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective

ἀνέχω

raised; lifting; raising 42 times

ἀνασχὼν, ἀνέσχετο, ἀνασχόμενοι, ἀνάσχεο, ἀνέσχον, ἀνέσχε, ἄνσχεο, ἀνασχών and 11 more

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

χεῖρας ἀνασχών, 'raising hands,' is the standard Homeric gesture of prayer — the priest's posture is the same one used throughout the epic by suppliants addressing a god.

ἀνείργω

he held back; held back 3 times

ἀνέεργε, ἀνέεργον

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀνεμώλιος

empty as wind; useless things; are mere wind 4 times

ἀνεμώλια, ἀνεμώλιοι, ἀνεμώλιον

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ἀνεψιός

the cousin; cousins; cousin's 5 times

ἀνεψιὸν, ἀνεψιοὶ, ἀνεψιοῦ

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

ἀνήρ

men; man; of men 590 times

ἀνδρῶν, ἀνὴρ, ἄνδρα, ἄνδρες, ἄνδρας, ἀνδρὸς, ἀνέρες, ἀνδρὶ and 17 more

genitive plural masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

Genitive dependent on 'eyes'.

ἀνθεμόεις

flowering; flowery; flowered 3 times

ἀνθεμόεντα, ἀνθεμόεντι

accusative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective

ἀνθίστημι

stood against 3 times

ἀντέστη, ἀνθίσταντο

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀνίημι

roused; sent; has driven 26 times

ἀνῆκε, ἀνῆκεν, ἀνήῃ, ἀνήσει, ἀνιεῖσα, ἀνέντες, ἀνιεῖς, ἀνέηκεν and 5 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb

ἀνίστημι

rose up; rose; rising 48 times

ἀνέστη, ἀνίστατο, ἀνιστάμενος, ἀναστὰς, ἀνέσταν, ἀνστάντες, ἀναστάς, ἀνίστη and 15 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

This is the identical formulaic line used earlier when Calchas sat and Achilles rose (1.68) — the same sit-then-rise gesture now marks Agamemnon taking his turn to speak.

ἀνιάζω

frets; distressed; were wearying 3 times

ἀνιάζει, ἀνιάζων, ἀνίαζον

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀνοίγνυμι

opened; could open; would draw back 4 times

ἀνῷγεν, ἀνέῳγε, ἀνέῳγεν, ἀναοίγεσκον

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

The imperfect is modal in context: no other god was able to open it.

ἀνορούω

sprang up; sprang; springing up 11 times

ἀνόρουσε, ἀνόρουσεν, ἀνορούσας

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἀντάξιος

worth as much; equal in worth 3 times

ἀντάξιον, ἀντάξιος

nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἀντάω

met; would meet; shall meet 5 times

ἤντησ, ἀντήσειε, ἤντεον, ἀντήσω

aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

Ἀντήνωρ

of Antenor; Antenor 17 times

Ἀντήνορος, Ἀντήνωρ, Ἀντῆνορ

genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun

Ἀντηνορίδης

son of Antenor; Antenor's son; of Antenor's son 7 times

Ἀντηνορίδης, Ἀντηνορίδαο, Ἀντηνορίδῃ, Ἀντηνορίδας

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ἀντίβιος

man to man; face-to-face; opposing 7 times

ἀντίβιον, ἀντιβίοισι, ἀντιβίοις

accusative singular neuter adjective; dative plural neuter adjective

Adverbial accusative: fighting face-to-face, man against man.

ἀντίθεος

godlike; peer of gods 29 times

ἀντίθεον, ἀντιθέῳ, ἀντιθέοιο, ἀντίθεος, ἀντιθέοισιν, ἀντιθέοισι

accusative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

Ἀντίλοχος

Antilochus; of Antilochus; to Antilochus 55 times

Ἀντίλοχος, Ἀντίλοχ, Ἀντίλοχον, Ἀντιλόχῳ, Ἀντιλόχοιο, Ἀντιλόχου, Ἀντίλοχε, Ἀντίλοχός

nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἀντίος

against; to meet; facing 49 times

ἀντίος, ἀντίον, ἀντία, ἀντίοι, ἀντί

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

ἀντίον modifies Zeus's addressing of Hermes face-to-face or directly.

ἀντιάζω

face; having met you; you two face 5 times

ἀντιάσαιμεν, ἀντιάσαντα, ἀντιάσητον, ἀντιόω, ἀντιάσειε

aorist active optative, 1st plural verb; aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine; aorist active subjunctive, 2nd dual verb

ἀντιάνειρα

peers of men twice

ἀντιάνειραι, ἀντιανείρας

nominative plural feminine adjective; accusative plural feminine noun

A Homeric epithet of the Amazons, literally “a match for men.”

ἀντιάω

meet; sharing; accepting 11 times

ἀντιόωσαν, ἀντιάσας, ἀντιόωσιν, ἀντιάαν, ἀντιόω, ἀντιάσαντες, ἀντιόωντες, ἀντιόωσι and 3 more

present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, accusative singular feminine; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἀντιβολέω

to meet; meeting you; met 13 times

ἀντιβολῆσαι, ἀντιβολήσας, ἀντεβόλησε, ἀντεβόλησεν, ἀντεβόλησαν

aorist active infinitive; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀντιφέρω

to stand against; stood against; to match 3 times

ἀντιφέρεσθαι, ἀντεφέροντο

present medio-passive infinitive; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

Hephaestus recounts his own hurling from Olympus (told fully in the next batch) as proof that Zeus cannot be resisted — grounds for Hera to yield now.

ἀοιδή

song; from singing; singing 4 times

ἀοιδὴν, ἀοιδῆς, ἀοιδήν

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

ἀοιδή is the song; the action of beginning comes from the surrounding verbs.

ἀολλίζω

having gathered; gathered; can gather 4 times

ἀολλίσσασα, ἀόλλισσαν, ἀολλισθήμεναι, ἀολλίσθησαν

aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist passive infinitive

ἀοσσητήρ

helper; defenders; defender 3 times

ἀοσσητῆρα, ἀοσσητῆρας, ἀοσσητὴρ

accusative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

ἀπαγγέλλω

to report; would tell; could report 3 times

ἀπαγγεῖλαι, ἀπαγγέλλεσκε, ἀπαγγείλειε

aorist active infinitive; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

ἀπαίνυμαι

stripping; strip away; robbed away 4 times

ἀπαινύμενον, ἀποαίνυμαι, ἀπαίνυτο

present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀπαλέξω

I would ward off once

ἀπαλεξήσαιμι

The optative expresses Hermes' offer to repel another man.

ἀπαμείβομαι

answering; answered; thenswift 40 times

ἀπαμειβόμενος, ἀπαμείβετο

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀπαμύνω

warded off; defend ourselves; ward off 3 times

ἀπήμυνεν, ἀπαμυναίμεσθ, ἀπαμύνασθαι

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb; aorist middle infinitive

ἀπαυράω

he took away; having taken; robbed 31 times

ἀπηύρα, ἀπούρας, ἀπηύρων, ἀπηύρας, ἀποέρσειε

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb

ἀπέχθομαι

grow hateful; was hateful twice

ἀπέχθωνται, ἀπήχθετο

present medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀπέχθομαι, 'to be an object of hatred', regularly takes a dative of the person to whom something is hateful (σφιν).

ἀπέχω

hold back; they cease; have kept apart 12 times

ἀπόσχωνται, ἀπόσχῃ, ἀφεξόμεθ, ἀπέχονται, ἀφέξεαι, ἄπεχε

aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd plural verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; future middle indicative, 1st plural verb

ἀπείργω

divides; drove away twice

ἀποέργει, ἀπέεργεν

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Finite verb describing Priam clearing the portico.

ἀπείρων

boundless 5 times

ἀπείρονα, ἀπείρων

accusative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἀπεῖπον

refuse; delivered; speak out 9 times

ἀπέειπε, ἀπόειπ, ἀποειπεῖν, ἀπέειπεν, ἀποείπῃ, ἀποειπὼν, ἀπειπόντος, ἀποείποι

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active infinitive

ἀπειλέω

threatened; will threaten; having threatened 20 times

ἀπειλήσας, ἠπείλησεν, ἀπειλήσω, ἠπείλησε, ἀπειλεῖς, ἀπείλησαν, ἀπειλήσει, ἀπείλει and 3 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; future active indicative, 1st singular verb

ἀπειλή

threats; of threats; boasts 5 times

ἀπειλαὶ, ἀπειλάων, ἀπειλὰς

nominative plural feminine noun; genitive plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

ἀπεχθάνομαι

was hated; he was hated; grew hateful 7 times

ἀπήχθετο, ἀπέχθηαι, ἀπεχθέσθαι

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb

ἀπήμων

harmless; without harm; unscathed 6 times

ἀπήμων, ἀπήμονες, ἀπήμονας, ἀπήμονά

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective

the adjective praises the counsel as free from the danger posed by the trench

ἀπηνής

harsh; pitiless 6 times

ἀπηνής, ἀπηνέος, ἀπηνέα

nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἀπιθέω

did not disobey; disobeyed; disobey 30 times

ἀπίθησε, ἀπίθησεν, ἀπίθησ, ἀπιθήσει, ἀπιθήσω

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb

ἀπίθησε is πιθέω ("obey") with a negating prefix, literally "un-obeyed" — Homeric Greek builds the negative right into the verb.

ἀπό

from; away from; away 353 times

ἀπὸ, ἀπ, ἄπο, ἀφ, ἀπό

ἀπὸ...ἀμῦναι is a tmesis of ἀπαμύνω, "to ward off," the preposition split away from its verb — the same pattern seen with ἐπερέφω and κατακαίω earlier in this book.

ἀπόβλητος

to cast aside; to be cast away twice

ἀπόβλητον, ἀπόβλητ

nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective

ἀπόβλητον, literally "throw-away-able," is Nestor’s way of insisting his coming advice carries real weight.

ἀπόλεμος

unwarlike 3 times

ἀπτόλεμος, ἀπτόλεμον, ἀπτολέμους

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective

ἀπόλλυμι

to perish; destroyed; perished 34 times

ἀπολέσθαι, ἀπόλοιτο, ἀπόλοντο, ἀπώλεσεν, ἀπώλεσε, ἀπόλεσσαν, ἀπώλετο, ἀπολλυμένους and 7 more

aorist middle infinitive; aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

The aorist optative expresses a wish: 'may he perish.'

Ἀπόλλων

Apollo; of Apollo; to Apollo 129 times

Ἀπόλλων, Ἀπόλλωνος, Ἀπόλλωνα, Ἀπόλλωνι, Ἄπολλον

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἀπόφημι

say outright; declare; make known 3 times

ἀπόφασθε, ἀπόφημι

present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb; present active indicative, 1st singular verb

ἀποβαίνω

departed; went away; having stepped down 23 times

ἀπέβη, ἀπεβήσετο, ἀποβάντες, ἀποβήσομαι, ἀπέβησαν, ἀπεβήτην, ἀπέβαινεν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine

ἀπεβήσετο, "departed," marks the Dream's exit from the scene; it does not reappear after delivering its message, unlike other divine visitors who linger to watch events unfold.

ἀποδίδωμι

give back; to give back; repay 8 times

ἀποδοῦναι, ἀπέδωκε, ἀποδώσω, ἀπέδωχ

aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb

ἀποθνήσκω

being dead once

ἀποτεθνηῶτος

The perfect participle stresses Hector's completed death and continuing state; with the genitive pronoun it forms an absolute construction.

ἀποκτείνω

killing; killed; to kill 14 times

ἀπέκτανε, ἀποκτείνων, ἀποκταμένοιο, ἀπέκτατο, ἀποκτάμεν, ἀπέκτεινεν, ἀποκτάμεναι, ἀποκταμένων

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine

ἀπολάμπω

shone; shone forth; shone out 4 times

ἀπέλαμπεν, ἀπελάμπετο, ἀπέλαμπ

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀπολήγω

ceased; dies away; ceases 9 times

ἀπολήγει, ἀπέληγε, ἀπόληγε, ἀπολλήξῃς, ἀπέληγεν

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb

ἀπολύω

released; did not free; release 6 times

ἀπέλυσε, ἀπολύσομεν, ἀπολυσόμεθ, ἀπέλυσεν, ἀπέλυσας

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb; future middle indicative, 1st plural verb

ἀπομηνίω

nursing his wrath; remained wrathful; holding back in wrath 4 times

ἀπομηνίσας, ἀπομηνίσαντος

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine

ἀπομόργνυμι

he wiped away; wiped away; wiping away 4 times

ἀπομόργνυ, ἀπομόρξατο, ἀπομορξαμένω

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative dual masculine

ἀπονέομαι

return home; went away; would return home 12 times

ἀπονέεσθαι, ἀπονέοντο, ἀπονεοίμην

present medio-passive infinitive; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive optative, 1st singular verb

ἀπονίναμαι

will reap profit; had no joy; may you enjoy 3 times

ἀπονήσεται, ἀπόνηθ, ἀπόναιο

aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle optative, 2nd singular verb

ἀποξύω

scraping away once

ἀποξύσας

The image is physical: a god would scrape old age off Phoenix.

ἀποπαύω

cease; stopped; hold back 9 times

ἀπέπαυσε, ἀποπαύεο, ἀποπαύσεσθαι, ἀποπαύσεται, ἀπέπαυσαν, ἀποπαύεαι, ἀπόπαυε, ἀποπαύσομαι

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb; future middle infinitive

ἀποπλάζω

rolling off; glancing off; was deflected 3 times

ἀποπλαγχθεῖσα, ἀποπλαγχθεὶς, ἀπεπλάγχθη

aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀποπνέω

gasping out; breathing out 3 times

ἀποπνείων, ἀποπνείουσα

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative singular feminine

ἀποσεύω

rushed; rushing away 3 times

ἀπέσσυτο, ἀπεσσύμενον

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine

ἀποστρέφω

turning him back; may turn back; he kept turning back 3 times

ἀποστρέψοντας, ἀποστρέψῃσιν, ἀποστρέψασκε

future active participle, accusative plural masculine; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀποτίθημι

to lay down; put away 4 times

ἀποθέσθαι, ἀπέθηκ, ἀποθείομαι

aorist medio-passive infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb

ἀποτίνω

will repay; to pay; pay 12 times

ἀποτινέμεν, ἀποτίσῃ, ἀποτείσομεν, ἀπέτισαν, ἀποτίνετον, ἀποτίσας, ἀπετίνυτο, ἀποτισέμεν and 2 more

present active infinitive; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st plural verb

ἀποτμήγω

cutting him off; cut away; having cut off 4 times

ἀποτμήξαντε, ἀποτμήξαντες, ἀποτμήγουσι, ἀποτμήξας

aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine; aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀποτρέπω

turn away; had turned back; turned back 9 times

ἀπετράπετ, ἀπέτραπε, ἀποτρέψεις, ἀποτρεπέτω, ἀπετρωπῶντο

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 2nd singular verb

ἀποφέρω

swept away; carry back; to bring 4 times

ἀπένεικας, ἀποίσετον, ἀποίσειν

aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb; future active indicative, 3rd dual verb; future active infinitive

ἀποφθίνω

once dead; die; dead 6 times

ἀποφθιμένοιο, ἀποφθίμενον, ἀποφθίσθω, ἀποφθιμένου

aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine; aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine; aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular verb

ἀποψύχω

let dry; cooling off; were cooling off 3 times

ἀπεψύχοντο, ἀποψυχθεὶς

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine

ἀπροτίμαστος

untouched once

ἀπροτίμαστος

The word means not approached or touched, defining the precise claim made in Agamemnon’s oath.

ἀπωθέω

drive away; drive back; pushed back 15 times

ἀπώσασθαι, ἀπῶσεν, ἀπώσει, ἀπώσομεν, ἀπώσεται, ἀπωσαμένους, ἀπωσέμεν, ἀπωσάμενοι and 3 more

aorist middle infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀπώσατο is the finite aorist describing Achilles' gentle action.

ἀράομαι

prayed; had prayed; prays 21 times

ἠρᾶτο, ἠρήσαντο, ἠρήσατο, ἀρᾶται, ἠρᾶθ, ἀρήσασθαι, ἀρησόμεθ, ἀρήσῃ and 1 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀράσσω

shattered; knocked away; I will smash 4 times

ἄραξε, ἄραξεν, ἀράξω

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb

ἀραιός

delicate; thin; slender 4 times

ἀραιαί, ἀραιήν, ἀραιῇσιν

nominative plural feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective

ἀραρίσκω

fitted; fitted together; close-fitted 39 times

ἀραρυίας, ἀραρυῖαν, ἀρήρει, ἤραρε, ἀρηρός, ἄραρον, ἀραρυῖαι, ἀρηρότες and 10 more

perfect active participle, accusative plural feminine; perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

The perfect participle emphasizes that the greaves stand securely fitted with their ankle-pieces.

ἀργαλέος

grievous; hard; difficult 34 times

ἀργαλέον, ἀργαλέος, ἀργαλέοιο, ἀργαλέην, ἀργαλέη, ἀργαλέῳ, ἀργαλέῃ, ἀργαλέων and 5 more

nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

Ἀργεῖος

the Argives; Argives; of the Argives 184 times

Ἀργείων, Ἀργεῖοι, Ἀργείοισιν, Ἀργείους, Ἀργείοισι, Ἀργείην, Ἀργείοις, Ἀργείη

genitive plural masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

Ἀργεῖοι here is simply a synonym for the Achaean host, not a reference to the city of Argos specifically.

Ἀργειφόντης

slayer of Argus; the slayer of Argus 14 times

ἀργεϊφόντης, ἀργεϊφόντην, ἀργεϊφόντῃ

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

Ἀργειφόντης, "slayer of Argus," is Hermes' standing epithet, referring to his killing of the hundred-eyed watchman Argus in an earlier myth.

ἀργεννός

white; shining 5 times

ἀργεννάων, ἀργεννῇσι, ἀργεννῇς, ἀργεννέων

dative plural feminine adjective; genitive plural feminine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective

ἀργής

gleaming; white 4 times

ἀργῆτι, ἀργῆτα, ἀργέτι, ἀργέτα

dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine adjective

ἀργιόδους

white-tusked; white-toothed 4 times

ἀργιόδοντα, ἀργιόδοντος, ἀργιόδοντας, ἀργιόδοντες

accusative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective

ἀργύρεος

silver 17 times

ἀργυρέοισιν, ἀργύρεον, ἀργυρέοιο, ἀργύρεος, ἀργυρέῃ, ἀργυρέην, ἀργυρέῃσιν, ἀργυρέων

dative plural neuter adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἀργυρόηλος

silver-studded 10 times

ἀργυρόηλον, ἀργυροήλου

accusative singular neuter adjective; genitive singular neuter adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

ἀργυρόπεζα

silver-footed 10 times

ἀργυρόπεζα, ἀργυρόπεζαν

nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine adjective

ἀργυρότοξος

silver-bowed; god of the silver bow; silver-bowed god 11 times

ἀργυρότοξος, ἀργυρότοξ, ἀργυρότοξε

nominative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective

ἀργυρότοξ(ε) is a vocative epithet standing alone for an implied "Apollo" — Chryses addresses the god by his signature weapon rather than his name.

ἀργυροδίνης

silver-eddying; silver eddies 3 times

ἀργυροδίνῃ, ἀργυροδίνην, ἀργυροδίνης

dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἀρέσκω

make amends; we shall set right; we shall make amends 6 times

ἀρεσσόμεθ, ἀρέσαι, ἀρεσσάμενοι, ἀρεσάσθω

future middle indicative, 1st plural verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist participle, nominative plural masculine

ἀρείων

better; stronger; braver 10 times

ἀρείων, ἄρειον, ἀρείοσιν, ἀρείω, ἀρείους

nominative singular masculine comparative adjective; accusative singular neuter comparative adjective; dative plural comparative adjective

ἀρετή

valor; excellence; in valor 16 times

ἀρετὴν, ἀρετῇ, ἀρετὴ, ἀρετῆς, ἀρετάς, ἀρετή, ἀρετήν

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

ἀρήγω

aiding; to aid; aid 18 times

ἀρήγων, ἀρήγει, ἀρήξειν, ἀρήγειν, ἀρηξέμεν, ἀρῆξαι, ἀρήγῃ, ἀρηγέμεν and 2 more

future active infinitive; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active infinitive

The epic infinitive depends on 'do you think' and has future meaning.

Ἀρηίθοος

Areithous once

Ἀρηΐθοον

The name is proleptic object of “stabbed” in the following line.

ἀρηίφιλος

dear to Ares; war-loving; with Ares-loved 25 times

ἀρηΐφιλος, ἀρηΐφιλον, ἀρηϊφίλων, ἀρηϊφίλῳ, ἀρηϊφίλου

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective

ἀρητήρ

priest; the priest 3 times

ἀρητῆρα, ἀρητῆρος, ἀρητὴρ

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

ἀρητῆρα stands in apposition to Χρύσην: Chryses is identified by his office, priest of Apollo, before he is given any other trait.

ἀρίζηλος

conspicuous; a thing to marvel at; far-seen 6 times

ἀρίζηλοι, ἀριζήλη, ἀρίζηλον, ἀριζήλω

nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ἀρίζηλος combines the intensifying prefix ἀρι- with δῆλος, "very visible/clear" — being turned to stone made the omen permanently displayed rather than concealed.

ἀριπρεπής

preeminent; clear; distinguished 5 times

ἀριπρεπέα, ἀριπρεπέες, ἀριπρεπέ

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ἀριστερός

the left; on the left; to the left 21 times

ἀριστερὰ, ἀριστερὸν, ἀριστερόν, ἀριστερά, ἀριστερόφιν, ἀριστέρ, ἀριστερὸς

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; adverb

ἀριστεύς

princes; champions; the noblest men 21 times

ἀριστῆες, ἀριστῆας, ἀριστήεσσιν, ἀριστῆος, ἀριστῆα, ἀριστήεσσι, ἀριστήων

dative plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

ἀριστεύω

was ever foremost; be preeminent; wins excellence 12 times

ἀριστεύεσκε, ἀριστεύοντα, ἀριστεύειν, ἀριστεύῃσι, ἀριστεύεσκεν

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, accusative singular masculine; present active infinitive

ἀρκέω

warded off; kept off; will save 8 times

ἤρκεσε, ἤρκει, ἤρκεσ, ἀρκέσει

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀρνέομαι

refused; would you refuse; to refuse 4 times

ἠρνεῖτο, ἀρνήσαιο, ἀρνήσασθαι

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb; aorist medio-passive infinitive

ἀρνός

of lambs; lambs; a lamb 19 times

ἀρνῶν, ἄρν, ἄρνες, ἄρνάς, ἄρνε, ἄρνας, ἄρνεσσιν

genitive plural masculine noun; accusative dual masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun

ἀρτίπος

sound-footed once

ἀρτίπος

Unlike the limping Prayers, Delusion is pictured as swift and sound-footed.

ἀρτύνω

having marshaled; devised; was devising 7 times

ἀρτύναντες, ἀρτύνετο, ἀρτύνθη, ἤρτυνον

aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀρχός

leader; leaders; as leader 21 times

ἀρχὸς, ἀρχὸν, ἀρχοὺς, ἀρχοὶ, ἀρχόν

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun

ἀρχός, "leader," is the same root Thersites will use for the danger of a bad ἀρχός ("one who is our leader") — his complaint is structural, about command itself, not just Agamemnon's character.

ἀσθμαίνω

gasping; panting; as he panted 6 times

ἀσθμαίνων, ἀσθμαίνοντα, ἀσθμαίνοντε, ἀσθμαίνοντ

present active participle, accusative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative dual masculine

Ἀσιάδης

son of Asius; Asius' son; Asius's son 5 times

Ἀσιάδην, Ἀσιάδης, Ἀσιάδῃ

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

Ἀσκάλαφος

Ascalaphus 7 times

Ἀσκάλαφος, Ἀσκάλαφον, Ἀσκάλαφόν, Ἀσκαλάφῳ, Ἀσκαλάφου

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ἀσκέω

with skill; fashioned; used to work 7 times

ἀσκήσας, ἤσκειν, ἤσκηται, ἀσκήσασα, ἤσκησεν, ἤσκησαν

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀσπάσιος

gladly; welcome; glad 8 times

ἀσπασίως, ἀσπασίη, ἀσπάσιος, ἀσπάσιοι

adverb; nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἀσπαίρω

writhing; writhed; gasping 6 times

ἀσπαίροντας, ἀσπαίροντα, ἀσπαίρουσα, ἤσπαιρ, ἤσπαιρε

present active participle, accusative plural masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, accusative singular masculine

ἀσπίς

shield; shields; his shield 93 times

ἀσπίδα, ἀσπίδος, ἀσπίδ, ἀσπίδας, ἀσπὶς, ἀσπίδες, ἀσπίδι, ἀσπίσι

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

ἀστερόεις

starry 9 times

ἀστερόεντος, ἀστερόεντα, ἀστερόεντι

genitive singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective

Ἀστεροπαῖος

Asteropaeus; at Asteropaeus; from Asteropaeus 9 times

Ἀστεροπαῖον, Ἀστεροπαῖος, Ἀστεροπαίῳ, Ἀστεροπαῖόν

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ἀστεροπητής

lord of the lightning; lord of lightning 4 times

ἀστεροπητὴς, ἀστεροπητής, ἀστεροπητῇ

nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ἀστήρ

star; stars; moves 11 times

ἀστὴρ, ἀστέρ, ἀστράσι, ἀστέρα, ἀστέρι, ἀστήρ

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ἀστράπτω

flashes lightning; flashing his lightning; having flashed 4 times

ἀστράπτων, ἀστράπτει, ἀστράπτῃ, ἀστράψας

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb

Ἀστυόχεια

Astyocheia once

Ἀστυόχεια

Astyocheia, Tlepolemus's mother, is a distinct name and person from Astyoche, mother of Ascalaphus and Ialmenus in the earlier Boeotian contingent.

Ἀστυόχη

Astyoche once

Ἀστυόχη

This Astyoche, mother of Ascalaphus and Ialmenus, is a distinct figure from Astyocheia, mother of Tlepolemus, later in the Catalogue.

ἀσύφηλος

contemptuously; insulting twice

ἀσύφηλον

ἀσύφηλον is an adjective modifying ἔπος, not an adverb.

ἀσχαλάω

chafes; chafing; distraught 4 times

ἀσχαλάᾳ, ἀσχαλάαν, ἀσχαλόωντα, ἀσχαλόωσι

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive; present active participle, accusative singular masculine

ἀτάλαντος

equal; the equal; peer 26 times

ἀτάλαντος, ἀτάλαντον, ἀτάλαντε, ἀτάλαντοι

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective

Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντος, "the equal of Zeus in counsel," is Odysseus's standing epithet, reused verbatim from its first appearance at c06 line 636.

ἀτάρ

but; and; then 440 times

αὐτὰρ, ἀτὰρ, ἀτάρ, αὐτάρ

particle; conjunction

The scene pivots here: Briseis exits with the heralds, and αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεύς turns the narrative's attention to Achilles alone, isolated on the shore — the quarrel's public half is over, its private grief begins.

ἀτάσθαλος

reckless deeds; outrageous; reckless 3 times

ἀτάσθαλον, ἀτάσθαλα

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἀτέμβω

being deprived; are deprived 3 times

ἀτεμβόμενος, ἀτέμβονται, ἀτεμβόμενός

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἀτειρής

unyielding; untiring; unwearied 11 times

ἀτειρέα, ἀτειρὴς, ἀτειρής, ἀτειρέας

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἀτιμάζω

dishonored; kept dishonoring twice

ἠτίμασεν, ἀτιμάζεσκε

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

The iterative imperfect marks repeated or habitual dishonoring.

ἀτιμάω

has dishonored; dishonored; would dishonor 9 times

ἠτίμησεν, ἠτίμησ, ἀτιμήσειε, ἀτιμήσουσι, ἀτιμήσει, ἠτίμησας, ἀτιμήσαιτε

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 3rd plural verb

With the modal particle, the optative gives the admonition potential force: you should not reject the counsel on account of my youth.

ἀτιτάλλω

cherished; raised 6 times

ἀτίταλλον, ἀτίταλλεν, ἀτίταλλ, ἀτίτηλα

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb

Ἀτρείδης

son of Atreus; Atreus' son; the son of Atreus 161 times

Ἀτρεΐδης, Ἀτρεΐδη, Ἀτρεΐδαο, Ἀτρεΐδην, Ἀτρεΐδῃ, Ἀτρεΐδεω, Ἀτρεΐδῃς, Ἀτρεΐδα and 4 more

nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

The vocative pileup — "most glorious, most grasping of all men" — turns Agamemnon's own honorific κύδιστε into a springboard for the insult φιλοκτεανώτατε that follows it.

Ἀτρείων

the son of Atreus; of the son of Atreus 4 times

Ἀτρεΐωνα, Ἀτρεΐωνος, Ἀτρεΐωνι

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

Ἀτρεύς

of Atreus; Atreus 14 times

Ἀτρέος, Ἀτρέϊ, Ἀτρεὺς

genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

ἀτρύγετος

barren 6 times

ἀτρυγέτοιο, ἀτρύγετον

genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

Ἀτρυτώνη

unwearied one; Unwearied One 5 times

Ἀτρυτώνη

Ἀτρυτώνη, "the unwearied," is a standing cult-title for Athena, used here as a vocative address.

ἀτύζω

panic-stricken; bolting wildly; frightened 9 times

ἀτυζόμενοι, ἀτυζομένω, ἀτυχθεὶς, ἀτυζομένους, ἀτυζομένῃ, ἀτυζομένην

present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative dual masculine; aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine

ἀυτή

the battle-cry; of the war-cry; battle-cry 25 times

ἀϋτῆς, ἀϋτὴ, ἀϋτή, ἀϋτῇ, ἀϋτήν, ἀϋτὴν

genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

ἀυτμή

breath; fragrance; blast 6 times

ἀϋτμὴ, ἀϋτμή, ἀϋτμὴν, ἀϋτμένα

nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἀφαιρέω

to strip; to take away; takes away 14 times

ἀφελέσθαι, ἀφαιρήσεσθαι, ἀφείλετο, ἀφαιρεῖται, ἀποαιρεῖσθαι, ἀφέλεσθέ, ἀφέλοντο, ἀφελοίμεθα and 2 more

aorist middle infinitive; future middle infinitive; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἀφαμαρτάνω

missed; did not miss; he did not miss 13 times

ἀφάμαρτεν, ἀφάμαρτε, ἀπήμβροτε, ἀφαμαρτούσῃ, ἀφάμαρθ, ἀπήμβροτεν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, dative singular feminine

ἀφαυρός

weaker; feeble; the feeblest 4 times

ἀφαυροῦ, ἀφαυρότερος, ἀφαυρότερον, ἀφαυρότατος

genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine comparative adjective; nominative singular neuter comparative adjective

Comparative used predicatively: so that his cast would not be any weaker.

ἀφίημι

sent away; released; send 19 times

ἀφίει, ἀφῆκεν, ἀφείη, ἀφέηκε, ἀφήσω, ἀφέτην, ἀφέῃ, ἀφήῃ and 2 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

The optative in the indirect question expresses the issue to be decided by lot.

ἀφίστημι

stood apart; stepped back; do you hold back 10 times

ἀφέστασαν, ἀπέστη, ἀφέστατε, ἀφεστᾶσιν, ἀποστήσωνται, ἀφεστᾶσ, ἀφεσταότες, ἀφίσταται

pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

The perfect expresses their continuing withdrawal from the fighting line.

ἀφικνέομαι

they came; they reached; you may reach 15 times

ἀφίκοντο, ἀφίκηαι, ἀφίκηται, ἀφίκετο, ἀφικέσθαι, ἀφίκωνται, ἀφίξεται, ἀφίκωμαι

aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 2nd singular verb; aorist medio-passive subjunctive, 3rd singular verb

ἀφνειός

rich; wealthy; wealthiest 14 times

ἀφνειὸς, ἀφνειοῦ, ἀφνειὸν, ἀφνειός, ἀφνειόν, ἀφνειοὶ, ἀφνειότατος, ἀφνειοῖο

nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

ἀφραδία

folly; lack of skill; thoughtlessness 5 times

ἀφραδίῃσιν, ἀφραδίῃσι, ἀφραδίῃ

dative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

Epic dative plural in -ῃσι; poetic plural of the abstract noun, 'thoughtlessness'.

Ἀφροδίτη

Aphrodite; of Aphrodite 29 times

Ἀφροδίτη, Ἀφροδίτῃ, Ἀφροδίτης, Ἀφροδίτην

nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

ἀφύσσω

drawing; gushed; pile up 9 times

ἀφυσσόμενοι, ἤφυσ, ἀφύξειν, ἀφύσσων, ἄφυσσε, ἀφύσσατο, ἀφυσσόμενος

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine; future active infinitive

The verb vividly combines tearing or drawing out with the spilling of the entrails.

Ἀχαιίς

Achaean women; Achaea; of Achaean women 9 times

Ἀχαιΐδα, Ἀχαιΐδες, Ἀχαιϊάδων

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun

Ἀχαιός

Achaeans; of the Achaeans; the Achaeans 598 times

Ἀχαιῶν, Ἀχαιοὶ, Ἀχαιοί, Ἀχαιούς, Ἀχαιοὺς, Ἀχαιοῖς, Ἀχαιοῖσιν, Ἀχαιὸς and 1 more

genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective

Ἀχαιῶν here is a possessive genitive on "ships," not a second object of "destroy" — the many dead are simply men, understood from πολέας.

ἀχεύω

grieving; grieves; grieve 58 times

ἀχνύμενός, ἀχνύμενοί, ἀχεύων, ἀχέων, ἄχνυται, ἀχνύμενοι, ἀχνύμενος, ἀχνυμένω and 17 more

present passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present passive participle, nominative plural masculine; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἀχνύμενοί περ, "grieved though they were," notes that the men laugh even though they themselves are suffering — a telling detail of a war-weary army's mood.

Ἀχιλλεύς

Achilles; to Achilles; of Achilles 366 times

Ἀχιλλεύς, Ἀχιλλεὺς, Ἀχιλῆϊ, Ἀχιλεὺς, Ἀχιλῆος, Ἀχιλλῆος, Ἀχιλῆα, Ἀχιλλεῦ and 7 more

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

This is Thersites' only appearance in the Iliad; his hostility to Achilles and Odysseus echoes later epic tradition (e.g. mocking Achilles over Penthesilea in the Aethiopis), not an earlier scene in this poem.

ἀχρεῖος

helplessly once

ἀχρεῖον

ἀχρεῖον, an adverbial accusative, describes Thersites' blank, humiliated stare after the beating.

ᾍδης

Hades; of Hades 18 times

Ἀΐδαο, Ἀΐδης, Ἄϊδος, Ἄϊδι

genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ἅζομαι

in reverence for; stood in awe; stand in awe 5 times

ἅζετο, ἁζόμενοι, ἅζεο, ἅζομαι

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine; present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb

ἅλιος

in vain; of the sea; vainly 27 times

ἅλιον, ἁλίοιο, ἁλίῃσι, ἅλιος, ἅλιόν, ἁλιάων, ἅλιαι

nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἅλλομαι

leapt; sprang; he leaps 25 times

ἆλτο, ἅλεται, ἆλτ, ἆλσο, ἅληται

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἅλς

sea; the sea; of the sea 61 times

ἅλα, ἁλὸς, ἁλός, ἁλὶ

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

ἅπας

all; of all; whole 52 times

ἁπάντων, ἅπαντα, ἅπαντες, ἅπαντας, ἅπας, ἁπάσας, ἅπαν, ἅπασι and 4 more

genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἅπτω

struck; touched; taking hold 24 times

ἥπτετο, ἥψατο, ἁψάμενος, ἅπτεσθαι, ἅπτετ, ἁπτέσθω, ἅπτηται, ἁψάσθην and 7 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine

The aorist participle describes clasping the man's knees before beseeching him.

ἅρμα

chariot; chariots; the chariot 59 times

ἅρματα, ἅρμα, ἅρμασιν, ἅρματος, ἅρμασι, ἅρμ, ἅρματ, Ἅρμ and 2 more

accusative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun

Ἅρπυιαι

Harpy once

Ἅρπυια

The Harpy Podarge is the horses’ divine mother.

ἁδινός

piercing; thronging; deeply 7 times

ἁδινὰ, ἁδινοῦ, ἁδινάων, ἁδινὸν

accusative plural neuter adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; genitive plural feminine adjective

Adverbial accusative describing the groaning.

ἁλίσκομαι

taken; is captured; being captured 12 times

ἁλοῦσά, ἁλώῃ, ἁλῶναι, ἁλόντε, ἁλώω, ἁλοίη, ἁλώμεναι, ἁλοίην

aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist active infinitive; aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine

ἁμαρτάνω

missed; you missed; go astray 16 times

ἅμαρτε, ἅμαρθ, ἤμβροτες, ἡμάρτανε, ἅμαρτεν, ἁμάρτῃ, ἤμβροτον, ἁμαρτὼν and 1 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἁνδάνω

pleased; have pleased; pleasing 11 times

ἥνδανε, ἅδε, εὔαδεν, ἁδεῖν, ἑαδότα, ἑήνδανεν

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive

The perfect participle expresses the settled effect of the speech: it had proved pleasing to everyone.

ἁπαλός

tender; soft; delicate 9 times

ἁπαλὴν, ἁπαλῆς, ἁπαλοῖο, ἁπαλόν, ἁπαλάων, ἁπαλοὶ

accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

ἁρπάζω

seizing; seize; snatched 11 times

ἁρπάξας, ἥρπασε, ἁρπάσῃ, ἁρπάζοντε, ἥρπαξε, ἁρπάξαντε, ἁρπάξων

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb

Αἴας

Ajax; Ajax's; Ajaxes 190 times

Αἴας, Αἴαντος, Αἴαντε, Αἴαντα, Αἶαν, Αἴαντ, Αἴαντι, Αἰάντεσσι and 6 more

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

The Catalogue's Ajax pair: Ajax son of Oileus ("the lesser"), a Locrian, leads this contingent, distinct from Ajax son of Telamon of Salamis, named two lines later.

αἴθουσα

portico; porticoes; colonnades 6 times

αἰθούσῃ, αἰθούσης, αἰθούσῃσι, αἰθούσῃσιν

dative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

αἴθω

blazing; burning 14 times

αἰθομένοιο, αἰθόμενον, αἰθομένοις, αἰθομένου

present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter; present medio-passive participle, dative plural neuter; present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine

αἴθων

gleaming; tawny; fiery 14 times

αἴθωνας, αἴθωνι, αἴθωνα, αἴθωνες, αἴθωνος, αἴθων

accusative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; dative singular noun

αἴξ

of goats; goats; goat 15 times

αἰγῶν, αἶγα, αἶγες, αἰγὸς, αἰγός, αἴγεσιν, αἶγας

genitive plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

αἴρω

win; to win; might win 35 times

ἀρέσθαι, ἄροιτο, ἄροντο, ἄρηται, ἤρατο, ἄροιο, ἄρετ, ἄρησθε and 8 more

aorist middle infinitive; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb

The middle emphasizes the horses winning prizes for themselves through their own racing performance.

Αἴσηπος

of the Aesepus; Aesepus 4 times

Αἰσήποιο, Αἴσηπον, Αἴσηπος

genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

αἴσιμος

fated; what was due; fitting 10 times

αἴσιμον, αἴσιμα, αἴσιμόν

nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

αἴτιος

to blame; responsible 10 times

αἴτιός, αἴτιος, αἴτιοί, αἰτίη, αἴτιοι

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

αἶα

land; earth; over the earth 14 times

αἴης, αἶαν, αἶα

genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

αἶαν means 'earth'; ἐπί separately supplies 'over.'

αἶθοψ

gleaming; sparkling; in blazing 19 times

αἴθοπι, αἴθοπα

accusative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine noun

αἴθοπα is the conventional epithet 'fiery/gleaming red' of wine.

Αἶσα

fate; by decree; right 9 times

αἴσῃ, αἶσαν, αἶσα

dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

Αἰακίδης

son of Aeacus; of Aeacus's son; of Aeacus's descendant 24 times

Αἰακίδαο, Αἰακίδην, Αἰακίδης, Αἰακίδῃ

genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

"Son of Aeacus" names Achilles by his grandfather rather than his father Peleus, the recurring kenning that closes this contingent's entry and returns verbatim at line 874.

αἰγίοχος

aegis-bearing; who bears the aegis 37 times

αἰγιόχοιο, αἰγίοχος

genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

αἰγίς

aegis; the aegis; overhis 11 times

αἰγίδα, αἰγίδ, αἰγίδι

accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

Athena’s aegis is a divine shield/cloak that inspires terror in battle, distinct from any mortal-made armor described elsewhere in the poem.

Αἰγιαλός

Aegialus twice

Αἰγιαλόν

This Paphlagonian Aegialus is a homonym of Aegialus, the coastal district of the Argive/Achaean region, named earlier in the Catalogue.

αἰγυπιός

vultures; vulture 4 times

αἰγυπιὸς, αἰγυπιοῖσι, αἰγυπιοὶ

nominative singular masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

αἰδέομαι

respect; to respect; I feel shame 24 times

αἰδέομαι, αἰδέσεται, αἰδεῖσθαί, αἰδεῖσθε, αἰδομένων, αἴδεο, αἰδομένω, αἰδεσθεὶς and 7 more

present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive infinitive

In this context αἰδέομαι means to revere or stand in awe of Achilles.

αἰδοῖος

honored; respected; revered 14 times

αἰδοίη, αἰδοίοιο, αἰδοίῃς, αἰδοῖός, αἰδοῖον, αἰδοῖος, αἰδοίης

nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

αἰδώς

shame; nakedness; respect 16 times

αἰδὼς, αἰδῶ, αἰδοῖ, αἰδώς

nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

αἰειγενέτης

who live forever; everlasting; ever-living 5 times

αἰειγενετάων, αἰειγενέτῃσιν

genitive plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine adjective

αἰειγενέτης, "ever-born/ever-living," a standing description of the gods’ immortality distinct from ἀθάνατος "undying."

αἰζηός

young men; young; vigorous 18 times

αἰζηῶν, αἰζηοί, αἰζηοὺς, αἰζηοὶ, αἰζηῷ, αἰζήϊος, αἰζηὸς

genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective

αἰθήρ

air; upper air; clear sky 21 times

αἰθέρος, αἰθέρι, αἰθέρ, αἰθήρ, αἰθέρα

genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

The storm simile begun in the preceding line continues here.

αἰνέω

praise; approved; approve 5 times

ᾔνεον, αἰνεῖτ, αἴνεε, αἰνήσωσιν, ᾔνησ

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active imperative, 2nd plural verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb

Αἰνείας

Aeneas; of Aeneas; Aeneas' 78 times

Αἰνείας, Αἰνείαο, Αἰνείαν, Αἰνεία, Αἰνείᾳ, Αἰνείω, Αἰνέας

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

αἰνείας

Aeneas; to Aeneas 4 times

Αἰνείαν, Αἰνεία, Αἰνείᾳ

accusative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

αἰνός

terribly; dread; dreadful 74 times

αἰνῶς, αἰνὸν, αἰνῇ, αἰνότατε, αἰνήν, αἰνὸς, αἰνῆς, αἰνὰ and 10 more

adverb; nominative singular neuter adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

αἰόλος

glittering; darting; glinting 7 times

αἰόλον, αἰόλα, αἰόλοι, αἰόλος, αἰόλαι

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

The adjective suggests quick, darting movement and combines with “feet” to characterize Xanthus’s speed.

αἰπεινός

steep 13 times

αἰπεινῆς, αἰπεινὴν, αἰπεινὰ, αἰπεινήν, αἰπεινῇ, αἰπεινή, αἰπεινὸν

accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

αἰπύς

sheer; steep; harsh 31 times

αἰπὺν, αἰπὺς, αἰπύ, αἰπὺ, αἰπεῖα, αἰπύν, αἰπεῖαν

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

αἰσχρός

shameful; the ugliest; with reproachful 9 times

αἰσχροῖς, αἰσχρὸν, αἴσχιστος, αἰσχρόν, αἴσχιον, αἰσχρῶς, αἰσχροῖσιν

dative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

αἴσχιστος ... ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθε is the recurring half-line formula "[superlative] man who had come to Ilion," paired later with Nireus, "the most beautiful man who had come to Ilion" (line 673).

αἰσχύνω

defile; never shame; ravaged 7 times

ᾔσχυνε, αἰσχυνέμεν, ᾐσχυμμένος, αἰσχύνωσι, ᾔσχυνας, αἰσχύνει

present active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

αἰσχύνει is the present verb negated by οὐδέ; it does not mean 'would marvel.'

αἰτέω

asked for; asked; he asked 5 times

ᾔτεε, ᾔτεεν, ᾔτεέ, αἴτει

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb

αἰτιάομαι

blamed; to blame; might blame 5 times

αἰτιάασθαι, ᾐτιόωντο, αἰτιόῳτο, ᾐτιάασθε

present medio-passive infinitive; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb

Αἰτωλός

the Aetolians; of the Aetolians; the Aetolian 13 times

Αἰτωλῶν, Αἰτωλὸς, Αἰτωλοὶ, Αἰτωλοῖσιν, Αἰτωλοῖσι

genitive plural masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

Continues the same genitive-of-comparison construction as Πυλίων, depending on ὁμοῖος in 23.632.

αἰχμή

spearpoint; point; spears 33 times

αἰχμὴ, αἰχμή, αἰχμῆς, αἰχμὰς, αἰχμῇ, αἰχμὴν, αἰχμάς, αἰχμήν

nominative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

αἰχμητής

spearman; spearmen; spear-fighting 24 times

αἰχμητάων, αἰχμητὴν, αἰχμητήν, αἰχμηταὶ, αἰχμητής, αἰχμητῇ, αἰχμητὰ, αἰχμητά

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

αἷμα

blood; with blood 80 times

αἷμα, αἵματι, αἷμ, αἵματος, αἷμά, αἵματί, αἵματός

dative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun

αἱματόεις

bloody; blood-soaked; bloodstained 18 times

αἱματόεντα, αἱματόεσσα, αἱματόεντος, αἱματοέσσης, αἱματόεις, αἱματοέσσας, αἱματόεντ

accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

αἱρέω

took; slew; seized 276 times

ἕλε, εἵλετο, ἑλὼν, ἕλον, ἑλέσθαι, ἕλεν, ἕλοντο, εἷλε and 56 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

The middle imperative highlights Achilles choosing the women for himself.

αὔτως

in vain; just as; just so 36 times

αὔτως

αὔτως, "just so, to no purpose," frames the whole line as futile talk before μῆχος ("device") names the missing remedy.

αὔω

shouting; cried out; shouted 44 times

ἀΰσας, ἤϋσεν, ἄϋσε, ἄϋσεν, αὖε, ἀϋσάντων, ἤϋσε, ἀΰσαντες and 1 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

αὖος

dry; hollowly; harshly 5 times

αὖον, αὔας, αὔῃσι

accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective

αὖτε

in turn; again; then 207 times

αὖτε, αὖτ, αὖθ, αὖτέ

αὖτε adds a sense of "in turn/again" with no separate word in the English clause "for he is greater in strength."

Αὐγειαί

Augeiae twice

Αὐγειὰς

This Locrian Augeiae is a homonym of the Laconian Augeiae named later in the Catalogue among Menelaus's towns.

αὐγή

rays; glow; gleam 12 times

αὐγὴ, αὐγῇ, αὐγάς, αὐγή, αὐγῇς, αὐγαί, αὐγῆς, αὐγαὶ

nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun

αὐδάω

spoke; said; he spoke 38 times

ηὔδα, αὐδήσαντος, αὔδα, αὐδήσασχ, αὐδήσασκεν

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, genitive singular masculine

αὐδή

voice; speech; in voice 7 times

αὐδήν, αὐδή, αὐδὴ, αὐδὴν

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

"Sweeter than honey" is Nestor's signature epithet in the Iliad, marking him from his first appearance as the poem's model of persuasive, emollient speech — set against Achilles' and Agamemnon's raw anger.

αὐδήεις

able to speak once

αὐδήεντα

Hera makes Xanthus voice-bearing—that is, capable of human speech.

αὐερύω

drew back; drew back the victim's head; drawing 4 times

αὐέρυσαν, αὐερύοντα, αὐέρυον

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, accusative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

αὐερύω names the specific ritual step of pulling the victim's head back to bare the throat, one stage in Homer's fixed sequence for animal sacrifice.

αὐλή

courtyard; farmyard; of the court 12 times

αὐλῆς, αὐλῇ, αὐλὴν

genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

Αὐλίς

Aulis twice

Αὐλίδα

Aulis: the Boeotian mustering-harbor where the Achaean fleet gathered before sailing for Troy.

αὐλός

pipes; crest-socket 3 times

αὐλῶν, αὐλὸν, αὐλοὶ

genitive plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

αὐτόματος

of themselves; unbidden 4 times

αὐτόμαται, αὐτόματος, αὐτόματοι

nominative plural feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

αὐτός

himself; him; yourself 604 times

αὐτὸς, αὐτῷ, αὐτὸν, αὐτοῦ, αὐτοὶ, αὐτῶν, αὐτῇ, αὐτός and 26 more

nominative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

αὐτούς, "their own selves," pointedly means the bodies left behind, in contrast to the ψυχάς (souls) just sent to Hades — the poem's opening draws the soul/body split sharply.

Αὐτόφονος

of Autophonus once

Αὐτοφόνοιο

The ending -οιο is an epic genitive singular.

αὐτοκασίγνητος

own brother; my own brothers; her own brother 6 times

αὐτοκασίγνητος, αὐτοκασίγνητον, αὐτοκασιγνήτω

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; accusative dual masculine noun

The dual form refers to Helen’s two brothers, Castor and Polydeuces.

Αὐτομέδων

Automedon; at Automedon 23 times

Αὐτομέδων, Αὐτομέδοντα, Αὐτομέδοντι, Αὐτομέδοντος, Αὐτόμεδον

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

αὐχήν

neck; the neck; in the neck 32 times

αὐχένα, αὐχέν, αὐχένος, αὐχένι

accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

Seen once or twice

ʽἁλοσύδνη

sea-born once

̓ἀγχίσης

Anchises once

̓ἀλέξανδρος

Paris; for Paris twice

̓ἀμφίμαχος

Amphimachus once

̓ἀνδρομάχη

Andromache once

̓ἀντίλοχος

Antilochus once

̓ἀπόλλων

Apollo once

̓ἀσκληπιάδης

son of Asclepius once

̓ἀτρείδης

son of Atreus twice

̓ἀφροδίτη

of Aphrodite once

̓ἀχαιός

of the Achaeans; Achaeans twice

̓ἀχιλλεύς

Achilles once

Ἄβιοι

Abians once

Ἄβληρος

Ablerus once

ἄβλητος

unhit once

ἄβρομος

unyielding once

ἄβροτος

immortal once

Ἄβυδος

Abydos once

ἄγαλμα

treasure once

ἄγαμος

unwed once

ἄγγος

pails; vessels twice

ἄγη

awe once

ἄγονος

unborn once

Ἄγριος

Agrius once

ἄγχω

was choking once

Ἄδαμας

Adamas twice

ἄδραστος

Adrastus once

Ἄδραστος

of Adrastus once

ἄδυτον

inner sanctuary twice

ἄζω

seasoning once

ἄητος

headlong once

ἄθαπτος

unburied once

ἄθλιος

prizes twice

ἄθυρμα

toys once

Ἄθως

Athos once

Ἄιδης

Hades once

Ἄιδος

of Hades once

ἄιδρις

ignorant once

ἄιστος

out of sight once

ἄκεσμα

healing once

ἄκλαυστος

unwept once

ἄκμων

anvils; anvil twice

ἄκος

a cure once

ἄκοσμος

disorderly once

ἄκρατος

unmixed twice

ἄκρις

on its height once

ἄλαστος

accursed; unforgettable twice

ἄλεισον

cup twice

ἄλειφαρ

ointment; oil twice

ἄληκτος

relentless; unceasingly twice

ἄλθομαι

was healed once

Ἄλκανδρος

Alcandrus once

ἄλκαρ

defense twice

Ἄλκηστις

Alcestis once

ἄλληκτος

without ceasing; without cease twice

ἄλλοφος

crestless once

Ἄλος

Alos once

ἄλσος

grove; groves twice

ἄλυτος

indissoluble; inescapable twice

ἄμαθος

sand once

ἄμητος

harvest once

ἄμπυξ

headband once

Ἄμφικλος

Amphiclus once

Ἄμφιος

Amphius twice

ἄναντα

uphill once

ἄναρχος

leaderless twice

ἄνασσα

the queen once

Ἄνθεια

Anthea twice

ἄνιπτος

unwashed once

ἄνοος

senseless once

Ἄντεια

Anteia once

ἄντιτος

requital once

ἄνυσις

accomplishment once

Ἄξυλος

Axylus once

ἄξυλος

uncut once

ἄουτος

unwounded once

ἄπαστος

without food once

ἄπιος

distant twice

ἄποινος

ransom once

ἄποτμος

ill-starred once

ἄραβος

clatter once

Ἄργισσα

Argissa once

ἄργυφος

white once

ἄρεκτος

unfinished once

ἄρκτος

Bear once

Ἄρνη

Arne; arne twice

ἄρον

then once

ἄρος

the curses; then twice

ἄροσις

ploughland once

ἄροτρον

plow twice

ἄρτιος

in accord; sound things twice

ἄσθμα

gasping once

ἄσιος

Asius twice

ἄσις

silt once

ἄσκοπος

reckless twice

ἄσμενος

welcome; gladly twice

ἄσπερμος

without seed once

ἄσταχυς

the standing ears once

ἄστυδε

to the city once

ἄτιτος

unavenged; unpaid twice

ἄτλητος

unbearable twice

ἄττα

father twice

ἄυπνος

sleepless once

ἄφαλος

hornless once

ἄφαντος

wiped away; unseen twice

ἄφενος

wealth twice

ἄφημαι

sitting apart once

ἄφλαστον

sternpost once

ἄφυλλος

stripped of their leaves once

ἄωτος

slings once

ἆσθμα

gasping; for breath twice

ἀάατος

inviolable once

Ἀβαρβαρέη

Abarbarea once

ἀβλής

unshot once

ἀβληχρός

delicate; weak twice

ἀβροτάζω

we miss once

Ἀβυδόθεν

from Abydus once

Ἀβυδόθι

at Abydos once

Ἀγάθων

Agathon once

ἀγάννιφος

snowy; snow-covered twice

ἀγάρροος

strong-flowing twice

Ἀγάστροφος

Agastrophus twice

ἀγακλυτός

famous once

Ἀγαμήδη

Agamede once

ἀγανόφρων

gentle-minded once

ἀγανοφροσύνη

gentleness once

ἀγαπάζω

welcome warmly once

Ἀγαπήνωρ

Agapenor once

ἀγαπητός

beloved once

Ἀγασθένης

of Agasthenes once

Ἀγαυή

Agave once

Ἀγέλαος

Agelaus twice

ἀγέραστος

without a prize once

ἀγελαῖος

from the herd; herd twice

ἀγεληδόν

in a herd once

ἀγινέω

were leading; brought in twice

ἀγκάζομαι

were lifting in arms once

ἀγκάλη

armfuls; the arms twice

Ἀγκαῖος

of Ancaeus; Ancaeus twice

ἀγκοίνη

embraces once

ἀγκυλότοξος

of the curved bow; curved-bow twice

ἀγκυλοχείλης

crooked-beaked once

Ἀγλαία

of Aglaia once

ἀγλαίζω

will glory once

ἀγορῆθεν

from the assembly once

ἀγρός

in the field; fields twice

ἀγχίαλος

by the sea twice

Ἀγχίαλος

Anchialus once

ἀγχιστῖνος

in heaps twice

ἀγχόθι

close to twice

ἀδάκρυτος

without tears once

Ἀδάμας

Adamas twice

ἀδάμαστος

untamed once

ἀδαήμων

unversed; ignorant twice

ἀδήριτος

unfought once

Ἀδράστεια

Adrasteia once

Ἀδρηστίνη

daughter of Adrastus once

ἀέθλιος

prizes once

ἀειγενέτης

ever-living twice

ἀεικέλιος

dishonored once

ἀεικία

disfigurement once

ἀεκαζόμενος

against your will once

ἀεκήλιος

shameful once

ἀελλής

whirling once

ἀελπτέω

never expecting once

ἀεργός

idle once

ἀεσίφρων

witless; reckless twice

Ἀζείδης

son of Azeus once

ἀήσυλος

lawless once

ἀήτης

blasts; blast twice

ἀηθέσσω

they were unaccustomed once

ἀθέμιστος

lawless once

ἀθέσφατος

boundless; unspeakable twice

ἀθερίζω

made light of once

Ἀθῆναι

Athens twice

Ἀθλαία

Althaea once

ἀθλέω

labored twice

ἀθύρω

as he plays once

Ἀιδωνεύς

Hades once

ἀική

flights once

ἀικῶς

shamefully once

ἀκάκητα

gracious one once

ἀκαλαρρείτης

gently flowing once

ἀκερσεκόμης

unshorn-haired once

Ἀκεσσαμενός

of Acessamenus once

ἀκεστός

can be healed once

ἀκήρατος

unharmed; pure twice

ἀκηδέω

neglected twice

ἀκίχητος

unreachable things once

ἀκμόθετον

anvil-block; anvil block twice

ἀκοίτης

husband once

ἀκοντιστής

javelin-fighters once

ἀκοντιστύς

spear-casting once

ἀκοστάω

fed his fill twice

ἀκουάζομαι

you hear the call once

ἀκουή

sound once

ἀκρίς

locusts once

Ἀκρισιώνη

daughter of Acrisius once

ἀκριτόφυλλος

thick-leaved once

ἀκρόκομος

top-knotted once

ἀκροκελαινιάω

dark-crested once

ἀκροπόλος

high once

Ἀκταίη

Actaea once

ἀκτήμων

destitute twice

ἀκτίς

to the rays once

Ἀκτορίδης

son of Actor once

ἀλάλημαι

I wander once

Ἀλαλκομενηίς

of Alalkomenae twice

ἀλαστέω

raging; raged twice

Ἀλαστορίδης

son of Alastor once

ἀλδήσκω

ripening once

ἀλέα

escape once

Ἀλεγηνορίδης

son of Alegenor once

ἀλείτης

the transgressor once

Ἀλεκτρυών

of Alectryon once

ἀλεξητήρ

defender once

ἀλεξίκακος

warding off harm once

ἀλήθεια

truth; the truth twice

Ἀλήιον

Alean once

ἀλήιος

without spoils twice

Ἀλήσιον

Alesium once

ἀληθής

truthfully; honest twice

Ἀλησίον

of Alesium once

ἀλίγκιος

like once

Ἀλίζωνος

of the Halizones once

ἀλιτήμων

sinful twice

ἀλιτρός

perverse; a sinner twice

Ἀλκμάων

Alcmaon once

Ἀλκυόνη

Alcyone once

ἀλκυών

of the halcyon once

ἀλλότριος

stranger; others' twice

ἀλλοῖος

every other once

ἀλλοπρόσαλλος

turncoat twice

ἀλλοφρονέω

senseless once

Ἀλόπη

Alope once

ἀλοάω

she beat once

ἀλογέω

disregards them; disregard them twice

Ἀλύβη

Alybe once

ἀλύσσω

maddened once

ἀλύω

wandered distraught; distraught twice

ἀλυσκάζω

shrinking away; I shrink twice

ἀλφάνω

I brought once

ἀλφεσίβοιος

worth many cattle once

Ἀλωεύς

of Aloeus once

Ἀμάθεια

amatheia once

ἀμάρα

the channel once

ἀμάω

were reaping; having mown twice

Ἀμαζών

Amazons twice

ἀμαθύνω

reduces to ashes once

ἀμαιμάκετος

terrible; raging twice

ἀμαλλοδετήρ

sheaf-binders twice

ἀμαλός

tender once

Ἀμαρυγκείδης

son of Amarynceus twice

Ἀμαρυγκεύς

Amarynceus once

ἀμαχητί

without fighting once

ἀμβλήδην

brokenly once

ἀμβολάδην

bubbling up once

ἀμέγαρτος

unenviable once

ἀμέλγω

being milked once

ἀμείλικτος

pitiless; merciless twice

ἀμενηνός

strengthless once

ἀμενηνόω

weakened once

ἀμετροεπής

unmeasured in speech once

ἀμητήρ

reapers once

Ἀμισώδαρος

Amisodarus once

ἀμιτροχίτωνες

unbelted-tunic wearers once

ἀμιχθαλόεις

smoke-wreathed once

ἀμογητί

without effort once

ἀμοιβηδίς

in turn once

ἀμοιβός

as relief men once

Ἀμοπάων

Amopaon once

ἀμπερές

straight through twice

Ἀμύκλαι

Amyclae once

Ἀμύντωρ

of Amyntor once

ἀμύσσω

tear at; tore twice

Ἀμυδών

Amydon twice

ἀμφάδιος

openly twice

ἀμφαγαπάζω

embracing lovingly once

ἀμφαγείρομαι

gathered around once

ἀμφαδόν

openly twice

ἀμφαραβέω

rang around once

ἀμφασίη

speechlessness once

ἀμφαφάω

to touch once

ἀμφήκης

two-edged twice

ἀμφήριστος

dead heat; disputed twice

ἀμφηρεφής

covered once

ἀμφίδασυς

fringed all around once

ἀμφίδρυφος

torn both sides once

ἀμφίθετος

two-handled twice

ἀμφίκομος

thick-leaved once

ἀμφίπιλος

attendant once

ἀμφίφαλος

double-crested twice

ἀμφίχυτος

built around once

Ἀμφίων

Amphion once

ἀμφιάχω

screaming about him once

ἀμφιβάλλω

clothed in; having embraced twice

ἀμφιβασις

encirclement once

Ἀμφιγένεια

Amphigeneia once

ἀμφιδαίω

blazes around once

ἀμφιδινέομαι

runs around once

ἀμφιδρυφής

cheeks torn in grief once

ἀμφιζάνω

settled around once

Ἀμφιθόη

Amphithoe once

ἀμφιλύκη

twilight once

ἀμφιμέλας

dark once

Ἀμφινόμη

Amphinome once

ἀμφιπεριστρωφάω

wheeled about once

ἀμφιπονέομαι

attended once

ἀμφιποτάομαι

fluttered about once

ἀμφιστρατάομαι

they camped around once

ἀμφιστρεφής

twisting each way once

ἀμφιτίθημι

placed around him once

Ἀμφιτρύων

of Amphitryon once

ἀμφιφοβέομαι

scattered once

ἀμφιφορεύς

two-handled jar; two-handled jars twice

ἀμφιχάσκω

opened wide around once

Ἀμφοτερός

Amphoterus once

ἀμώμητος

blameless once

ἀνάβλησις

postponement twice

ἀνάποινος

unransomed once

ἀνάρσιος

hostile once

ἀναβάλλω

delay once

ἀναβατός

easy to scale once

ἀναβέβρυχε

has welled up once

ἀναγιγνώσκω

knows once

ἀναγκαίη

necessity once

ἀναγκαῖος

harsh; of bondage twice

ἀναδέρκομαι

looked up once

ἀναδέσμη

binding once

ἀναδέχομαι

caught once

ἀναθηλέω

bloom once

ἀναθρῴσκω

leaps up once

ἀναίδεια

shamelessness twice

ἀναίμων

bloodless once

ἀναιμωτί

without bloodshed twice

ἀνακοντίζω

spurted out once

ἀνακυμβαλιάζω

overturned once

ἀναλέγω

to gather up; gathered up twice

ἀναμαιμάω

rages once

ἀναμίγνυμι

mixing once

ἀναμίμνω

waited for; held his ground twice

ἀναξηραίνω

dries once

ἀναπαύω

stops once

ἀναπείρω

spitting once

ἀναπετάννυμι

spread open once

ἀναπηδάω

sprang up once

ἀναπλέω

to sail once

ἀναρπάζω

carried off; snatching up twice

ἀνασεύομαι

spurted up once

ἀνασπάω

drew out once

ἀνασταδόν

standing up twice

ἀναστεναχίζω

groaned once

ἀναστρέφω

overturn once

ἀνατέλλω

made spring up once

ἀνατίθημι

godlike; will heap twice

ἀνατρέπω

toppled backward twice

ἀναφανδόν

openly once

ἀναφέρω

heaved a sigh once

ἀνδράγρια

spoils from men once

ἀνδράποδον

enslaved people once

Ἀνδραιμονίδης

son of Andraemon once

ἀνδρόκμητος

man-made once

ἀνέβραχε

rang aloud once

ἀνέζω

lifting; I might bring twice

ἀνέρομαι

you ask; asked twice

ἀνέρχομαι

as he journeyed; returning twice

ἀνέστιος

hearthless once

ἀνεγείρω

woke twice

ἀνεμοσκεπής

wind-blocking once

ἀνεμοτρεφής

wind-nurtured twice

Ἀνεμώρεια

Anemoreia once

ἀνερείπομαι

snatched away once

ἀνήκεστος

incurable; past healing twice

ἀνήνοθε

welled up once

ἀνηκουστέω

did not disobey twice

ἀνθέρικος

grain stalks once

Ἀνθεμίδης

son of Anthemion once

Ἀνθεμίων

of Anthemion once

Ἀνθηδών

Anthedon once

ἀνθρακιά

embers once

ἀνιάω

worn out once

ἀνιδρωτί

without sweat once

ἀνιπτόπους

unwashed-footed once

ἀνιχνεύω

tracking once

ἀνόλεθρος

alive once

ἀνούτατος

unwounded once

ἀνουτητί

without wounding once

ἀντία

against twice

Ἀντίφονος

Antiphonus once

ἀντιπέραιος

on the shore across once

ἀντιτορέω

pierced through; breaking through twice

Ἀντιφάτης

Antiphates once

ἀντιφερίζω

contend; you pit against twice

Ἀντρών

Antron once

ἀνύω

would I accomplish once

ἀνχιμαχητής

close fighters once

ἀνώγω

ordered once

ἀνώιστος

unforeseen once

ἀξίνη

axe; axes twice

ἀοίδιμος

subjects of song once

ἀοιδός

singers once

ἀορτήρ

straps once

ἀπάγω

carried back twice

ἀπάλαλκε

might ward away once

ἀπάλαμνος

helpless once

ἀπαείρω

slipping away once

ἀπαίρω

take away once

ἀπαίσσω

springing down once

Ἀπαισός

of Apaesus once

ἀπαλθαίνομαι

recover twice

ἀπαλοάω

crushed once

ἀπαμάω

might cut once

ἀπαναίνομαι

refused it once

ἀπαράσσω

lopped off; sheared away twice

ἀπαρέσκω

make amends once

ἀπατηλός

deceitful once

ἀπατιμάω

dishonored once

ἀπέρχομαι

had departed; departed twice

ἀπείργαθον

shut off once

ἀπείρητος

untried twice

ἀπειλητήρ

braggarts once

ἀπειρέσιος

boundless once

ἀπεμέω

he vomited once

ἀπερύκω

might ward off twice

ἀπερωέω

shrink away once

ἀπερωεύς

a check upon once

ἀπεχθαίρω

I come to hate once

ἀπηλεγέως

without reserve once

ἀπινύσσω

his mind failing once

ἀπόερσε

might have carried; sweeps away twice

ἀπόπροθε

far away once

ἀπόπροθι

away once

ἀπόρθητος

unsacked once

ἀπόρνυμι

setting out once

ἀποβλύζω

spitting up once

ἀπογυιόω

deprive once

ἀποδέχομαι

take once

ἀποδειροτομέω

I shall cut throats; cut the throats twice

ἀποδρύπτω

tear; tear away twice

ἀποδύνω

stripped away once

ἀποδύω

strip once

ἀποείκω

forsake once

ἀποθρῴσκω

leaping once

ἀποθρώσκω

leaped from once

ἀποθύμιος

displeasing things once

ἀποίχομαι

withdraw; have abandoned twice

ἀποκείρω

cut off once

ἀποκηδέω

being careless once

ἀποκινέω

would move once

ἀποκρεμάννυμι

let hang down once

ἀποκρίνω

breaking away once

ἀποκρύπτω

he hid; to hide twice

ἀπολέπω

to lop off once

ἀπολείπω

do not abandon once

ἀπολιχμάομαι

will lick away once

ἀπολυμαίνομαι

purify themselves; purified themselves twice

ἀπομιμνήσκομαι

remembered once

ἀπομυθέομαι

urged against it once

ἀποναίω

had removed; send back twice

ἀπονίζω

were washing away once

ἀπονόσφι

apart; far away twice

ἀποπαπταίνω

will keep looking back once

ἀποπέμπω

sent away; sent us away twice

ἀποπέτομαι

flying away once

ἀποπίπτω

fell from it once

ἀποπλέω

to sail away twice

ἀποπτύω

spits out; spitting out twice

ἀπορρήγνυμι

breaking free twice

ἀπορρίπτω

casting aside; had cast off twice

ἀπορρώξ

branch once

ἀποσκεδάννυμι

sent away once

ἀποσκίδναμαι

scatter once

ἀποσκυδμαίνω

be angry once

ἀποσταδόν

from a distance once

ἀποστείχω

go once

ἀποστυφελίζω

battered back; beat back twice

ἀποσφάλλω

bring to nothing once

ἀποτέμνω

was cutting; carving away twice

ἀποτρωπάω

turn away once

ἀπουρίζω

will seize once

ἀποφθινύθω

are dying away twice

ἀπρίατος

unbought once

ἀπτήν

unfledged once

ἀπτοεπής

rash in speech once

ἀπύρωτος

untouched by fire once

ἀράω

afflicted once

Ἀραιθυρέη

Araethyrea once

ἀρατός

grievous once

Ἀργεάδης

son of Argeas once

ἀργει~ος

Argives twice

ἀργεῖος

the Argives once

ἀργεστής

clearing twice

ἀργίπους

white-footed once

ἀργινόεις

chalky-white twice

ἀργύφεος

silvery once

ἀργυρόπεζος

silver-footed twice

ἀρδμός

watering place once

ἀρείφατος

slain in battle twice

ἀρειά

with threats once

ἀρειή

threat; threats twice

Ἀρετάων

Aretaon once

Ἀρήνη

Arene twice

ἀρηγών

helpers; helper twice

Ἀρηίλυκος

of Areilycus twice

ἀρητός

grievous once

ἀρθμέω

joined in concord once

ἀρίγνωτος

easy to know; well known twice

Ἀρίμοι

the Arimi once

Ἀρίσβας

Arisbas once

Ἀρίων

Arion once

Ἀριάδνη

Ariadne once

ἀριδείκετος

distinguished; most renowned twice

ἀριθμέω

be numbered once

ἀριφραδής

plain to see twice

Ἀρκάς

Arcadian; arcadian twice

Ἀρκαδία

Arcadia once

Ἀρκεσίλαος

Arcesilaus twice

ἀρνειός

rams; to a ram twice

ἀρνευτήρ

diver twice

ἀρόω

having been ploughed once

ἀροτήρ

ploughmen; plowman twice

Ἀρσίνοος

Arsinoüs once

ἀρτεμής

unharmed twice

ἀρτιεπής

glib-speaking once

ἀρτύω

was fitting once

ἀρχέκακος

beginning the evil once

Ἀρχεπτόλεμος

Archeptolemus twice

ἀρχεύω

lead; to lead twice

ἀσάμινθος

the baths once

Ἀσαῖος

Asaeus once

ἀσήμαντος

unguarded once

Ἀσίνη

Asine once

Ἀσκάνιος

Ascanius twice

Ἀσκανίη

Ascania twice

ἀσκελής

without cease once

ἀσκηθής

unharmed twice

Ἀσκληπιάδης

son of Asclepius; Asclepius' son twice

ἀσκός

in a wineskin once

ἀσπάζομαι

welcomed them once

ἀσπιδιώτης

shield-bearing twice

Ἀσπληδών

Aspledon once

Ἀσσάρακος

Assaracus twice

Ἀστέριον

Asterium once

ἀστεμφής

unshaken; unmoving twice

ἀστός

countrymen once

ἀστράγαλος

vertebra; knucklebones twice

Ἀστύαλος

Astyalus once

Ἀστύνοος

Astynous twice

Ἀστύπυλος

Astypylus once

ἀστυβοώτης

city-summoning once

ἀσφάραγος

windpipe once

Ἀσωπός

Asopus; the Asopus twice

ἀτάλλω

played once

ἀτάρβητος

undaunted once

ἀταλάφρων

tender-hearted once

ἀταλός

tender; with tender foals twice

ἀταρβής

fearless once

ἀταρτηρός

bitter once

ἀτασθαλία

through recklessness twice

ἀτέω

blinded once

ἀτελεύτητος

unfulfilled; unaccomplished twice

ἀτερπής

joyless twice

ἀτίζω

scorning them once

ἀτίμητος

dishonored twice

ἀτραπός

track; path twice

Ἀτύμνιος

Atymnius once

Ἀτυμνιάδης

son of Atymnius once

ἀφάρτερος

swifter once

ἀφαμαρτοεπής

erring in speech once

ἀφαρπάζω

to snatch away once

ἀφήκω

loosed once

ἀφήτωρ

of the archer once

ἀφικάνω

has reached; have you come twice

ἀφλοισμός

foam once

ἀφοπλίζω

stripped off once

ἀφορμάω

should sally forth once

ἀφραδέω

in your folly once

ἀφραίνω

playing the fool; you are mad twice

ἀφρέω

foamed once

ἀφρήτωρ

clanless once

ἀφρονέω

in our folly once

ἀφροσύνη

folly once

ἀφυσγετός

driftwood once

Ἀχαιΐς

Achaean once

Ἀχελῷος

Achelous twice

ἀχερωίς

white poplar twice

ἀχυρμιά

chaff heaps once

Ἀψευδής

Apseudes once

ἀψόρροος

backward-flowing once

ἀωτέω

do you sleep once

ἅδος

weariness once

Ἅιδης

Hades once

ἅλαδε

to the sea; seaward twice

Ἅλιος

Halius once

ἅρπη

falcon once

Ἁλίαρτος

Haliartus once

Ἁλίη

Halie once

ἁλίπλοος

sea-washed once

Ἁλιζῶνες

Halizones once

ἁλιμυρήεις

flowing to sea once

ἁλιόω

made vain once

ἁλόθεν

from the sea once

ἁμαξιτός

wagon road once

ἁμαρτοεπής

babbling once

ἁματροχιά

clash of wheels once

ἁπάντῃ

everywhere twice

ἁπαλοτρεφής

tenderly fed once

ἁπλόος

single-fold once

ἁρματοπηγός

chariot-maker once

ἁρματοτροχιά

wheel-rim track once

ἁρμόζω

it fitted twice

ἁρμονία

of agreements once

Ἁρμονίδης

son of Harmon once

ἁρπακτήρ

robbers once

Ἁρπαλίων

Harpalion once

ἁφάω

handling once

ἁψίς

meshes once

αἴας

Ajax; the Ajaxes twice

αἴγειος

goatskin; goat's twice

αἴγειρος

poplar once

Αἴγινα

Aegina once

Αἴγιον

Aegium once

αἴγλη

gleam twice

αἴητος

panting once

αἴθην

tawny once

Αἴθικες

the Aethices once

Αἴθρη

Aethra once

αἴθρη

the sky once

Αἴθων

Aethon once

Αἴνιος

Aenius once

Αἴπεια

Aepeia twice

αἴσιος

auspicious once

Αἴσυμνος

Aesymnus once

αἶνος

praise twice

Αἰακός

Aeacus once

Αἰγαί

Aegae twice

Αἰγαίων

Aegaeon once

αἰγανέη

javelins; javelin twice

Αἰγείδην

son of Aegeus once

Αἰγίλιψ

Aegilips once

Αἰγιάλεια

Aegialeia once

αἰγλήεις

gleaming; radiant twice

Αἰγύπτιος

Egyptian once

αἰδοῖον

between the groin once

αἰθαλόεις

smoke-blackened; soot-black twice

Αἰθίοψ

the Ethiopians; Ethiopians' twice

αἰθρηγενής

sky-born; clear-sky-born twice

αἰναρέτης

dreadful warrior once

αἰνίζω

I count once

αἰνόθεν

beyond measure once

αἰνόμορος

grievously fated once

Αἰολίδης

son of Aeolus once

αἰολόπωλος

with nimble horses once

αἰολοθώρηξ

in flashing armor once

αἰολομίτρης

flashing-tasleted once

αἰπήεις

steep once

αἰπόλιον

flocks; herds twice

αἰπόλος

goatherds; goatherd twice

Αἰπύ

Aipy once

Αἰπύτιος

of Aepytus once

Αἰσύμηθεν

from Aesyma once

Αἰσυήτης

Aesyetes; of Aisyetes twice

αἰσυμνητήρ

prince once

Αἰτώλιος

Aetolian twice

αἰχμάζω

will wield once

αἰψηρός

swiftly once

Αἵμων

Haemon once

αἵμων

skilled once

Αἱμονίδης

son of Haemon twice

αὖλις

camp once

αὐγάζω

make out once

Αὐγείας

Augeas; of Augeas twice

Αὐγηιάδης

son of Augeas once

αὐίαχος

crying aloud once

αὐλω~πις

hollow-eyed once

αὐλῶπις

visored; socket-eyed twice

αὐτῆμαρ

that very day; that same day twice

αὐτόθεν

from there twice

Αὐτόλυκος

Autolycus once

Αὐτόνοος

Autonous twice

αὐτονυχί

this very night once

αὐτοσταδίη

in stand-up fight once

αὐτοχόωνος

solid-cast once

῎ἄρης

Ares; of Ares twice

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.