Words of the Iliad 1732 Studios

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Words of the Iliad · 368 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

ὄβριμος

mighty 25 times

ὄβριμον, ὄβριμος, ὄβριμ

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

ὄζος

scion; branches; boughs 18 times

ὄζος, ὄζους, ὄζον, ὄζῳ, ὄζοισιν, ὄζοι

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ὄθομαι

shrinks; heed; heeded 5 times

ὄθεται, ὄθομαι, ὄθετ

present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ὄις

sheep; of sheep; ewes 23 times

οἰῶν, ὀΐεσσι, οἰὸς, ὄϊες, ὄεσσι, ὄϊν, ὄϊς, ὄϊος and 1 more

genitive singular masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; dative plural feminine noun

ὄλβος

wealth; prosperity twice

ὄλβῳ

ὄλβος denotes blessed prosperity or fortune, contrasted here with material πλοῦτος, wealth.

ὄλεθρος

destruction; death; of death 32 times

ὄλεθρον, ὄλεθρος, ὀλέθρου

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

ὄλλυμι

shall perish; perished; lost 89 times

ὄλοντο, ὀλέσθαι, ὄλωνται, ὤλεσε, ὀλλυμένων, ὤλεθ, ὤλεσα, ὀλέσσῃς and 37 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb

The perfect subjunctive presents Troy's destruction as an accomplished fate.

Ὄλυμπος

Olympus; of Olympus; to Olympus 81 times

Ὄλυμπον, Οὐλύμποιο, Οὔλυμπον, Ὀλύμπῳ, Ὀλύμπου, Οὐλύμπου, Οὔλυμπόν, Οὔλυμπός and 2 more

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

Athena’s descent from Olympus’s peaks to the ships marks the god’s-eye scale-shift back down to the human army.

ὄμνυμι

swear; swore; swears 22 times

ὄμοσσον, ὀμοῦμαι, ὀμόσσῃ, ὄμοσσεν, ὀμεῖται, ὄμνυε, ὄμοσέν, ὀμόσαιμι and 7 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb; future middle indicative, 1st singular verb

Calchas demands an oath of protection before he will speak — he already knows his answer will name Agamemnon, and wants Achilles bound to defend him before the king's fury falls.

ὄνειδος

reproaches; reproach 8 times

ὀνείδεα, ὄνειδος, ὀνείδεά, ὀνείδεσι

accusative plural neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun

ὄνειρος

Dream; dream; dreams 8 times

ὄνειρος, ὄνειρον, ὄνειρε, ὀνείρους, ὀνείρῳ

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun

Personified as a messenger-being sent by Zeus, capitalized throughout this episode per the poem's convention for the Dream and, later, Rumor.

ὄνομαι

make light of; I condemn; will find fault with 10 times

ὀνόσαιτο, ὠνοσάμην, ὀνόσσεται, ὄνοιτο, ὤνατο, ὀνόσαιτ, ὀνόσασθ, ὀνοσσάμενος

aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb; future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

Second-person plural verb in Priam's question.

ὄπατρος

same-fathered twice

ὄπατρον, ὄπατρος

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

Marks Teucer as Ajax's brother through their common father Telamon.

ὄρνις

birds; bird; the bird 18 times

ὄρνις, ὀρνίθων, ὄρνιθος, ὄρνιθας, ὄρνιθες, ὄρνισιν, ὄρνιθ, ὄρνιθι and 1 more

nominative singular masculine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive plural masculine noun

ὄρνυμι

arose; rose; roused 172 times

ὦρτο, ὀρώρει, ὦρσεν, ὦρσε, ὄρνυτο, ὄρωρεν, ὄρνυτ, ὄρνυσθ and 39 more

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Middle-form imperfect with intransitive force: the dust cloud ‘was rising.’

ὄρος

mountains; mountain; of a mountain 62 times

ὀρέων, ὄρεος, οὔρεος, οὔρεσι, οὔρεσιν, ὄρεσσι, ὄρος, ὄρεσφι and 6 more

dative plural neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun

ὄσσα

eyes; Rumor; both eyes 19 times

ὄσσε, ὄσσα

accusative dual neuter noun; nominative dual neuter noun; nominative singular feminine noun

Personified as a messenger-being distinct from the Dream earlier in this book, capitalized per the poem's convention for such figures; ὄσσα is a common noun ("rumor, report"), not a proper name.

ὄσσε

eyes; two eyes; the two eyes 26 times

ὄσσε

accusative dual neuter noun; nominative dual neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun

ὄσσε is a dual-number noun, marking specifically "two eyes" as a natural pair — the same special dual grammar used elsewhere in the poem for things that come inherently in twos.

ὄσσομαι

foreseeing; with a look; foresaw 4 times

ὀσσόμενος, ὀσσόμενον, ὄσσοντο, ὀσσομένη

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

ὀσσόμενος, "eyeing with foreboding," shares its root with ὄσσε, "eyes," in the line just above — Agamemnon's blazing eyes and his glare of ill omen are built from the same word.

ὄχθη

the banks; banks; the bank 14 times

ὄχθας, ὄχθῃσιν, ὄχθαι, ὄχθῃ, ὄχθην, ὄχθης

accusative plural feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun

ὄχος

chariot; chariots; the chariot 59 times

ὀχέων, ὄχεσφιν, ὄχεσφι, ὄχεα, ὀχέεσσι

genitive plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun

ὄψ

voice; the voice; heardthe 14 times

ὄπα, ὄπ, ὀπὸς, ὀπὶ

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

ὄψις

at the sight; by sight; appearance 3 times

ὄψιν, ὄψει, ὄψίν

accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

ὄψιν denotes Priam's visible appearance/presence.

ὀαρίζω

he spoke tenderly; to converse intimately; converse intimately 3 times

ὀάριζε, ὀαριζέμεναι, ὀαρίζετον

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive; present active indicative, 3rd dual verb

The dual verb presents the maiden and young man as a pair.

ὀαριστύς

press; lovers' talk; close combat 3 times

ὀαριστύν, ὀαριστὺς, ὀαριστύς

nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

ὀδάξ

with their teeth; with teeth 5 times

ὀδὰξ

ὀδὰξ λαζοίατο γαῖαν, "bite the earth with their teeth," is a grim formulaic death-image reused elsewhere in the Iliad.

ὀδούς

teeth; of teeth; of your teeth 17 times

ὀδόντων, ὀδόντας, ὀδοῦσιν, ὀδόντα, ὀδόντες, ὀδοῦσι

genitive plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun

'The barrier of the teeth' is a formula for the mouth through which words escape.

ὀδύνη

pains; of pains; pain 18 times

ὀδυνάων, ὀδύνῃσι, ὀδύναι, ὀδύνας, ὀδύνῃσιν, ὀδύνη

dative plural feminine noun; genitive plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun

ὀδύρομαι

mourning; by mourning; wail 17 times

ὀδυρόμενος, ὀδύρετο, ὀδύρονται, ὀδυρομένη, ὀδύρομαι, ὀδυρομένοισιν, ὀδύρεται, ὀδυράμενος and 3 more

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

Circumstantial participle, not an instrumental phrase.

ὀδύσσομαι

grew angry; under the wrath; wrath 4 times

ὀδυσσαμένοιο, ὀδύσαντο, ὠδύσατο

aorist middle participle, genitive singular masculine; aorist indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

Ὀδυσσεύς

Odysseus; of Odysseus; Odysseus' 122 times

Ὀδυσσεύς, Ὀδυσσεὺς, Ὀδυσεὺς, Ὀδυσῆα, Ὀδυσσεῦ, Ὀδυσῆϊ, Ὀδυσσῆος, Ὀδυσεύς and 6 more

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun

Ὀθρυονεύς

Othryoneus 3 times

Ὀθρυονῆα, Ὀθρυονεῦ, Ὀθρυονεύς

accusative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

ὀιζυρός

most sorrowful; wretched; to wretched 4 times

ὀϊζυρὸς, ὀϊζυροῦ, ὀϊζυροῖσι, ὀϊζυρώτερον

nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective

Ὀιλεύς

Oileus; son of Oileus; of Oileus 15 times

Ὀϊλῆος, Ὀϊλεύς, Ὀϊλῆϊ, Ὀϊλῆα

genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ὀιστεύω

having shot an arrow; shoot an arrow 4 times

ὀϊστεύσας, ὀΐστευσον

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb

Literally 'having shot an arrow'; with 'knowing bows well,' it means skilled in archery.

ὀιστός

arrow; arrows; with an arrow 39 times

ὀϊστόν, ὀϊστός, ὀϊστῷ, ὀϊστὸς, ὀϊστὸν, ὀϊστοὶ, ὀϊστούς, ὀϊστοί and 1 more

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ὀκριόεις

jagged 4 times

ὀκριόεντι, ὀκριόεντα

dative singular masculine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ὀλέκω

destroying; kept killing; were dying 13 times

ὀλέκοντα, ὀλέκοντας, ὄλεκον, ὀλέκοντο, ὀλέκουσι, ὀλέκονται, ὀλέκουσιν, ὀλέκεσκεν and 1 more

present active participle, accusative singular masculine; present active participle, accusative plural masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ὀλίγος

little; small; brief 25 times

ὀλίγον, ὀλίγη, ὀλίγος, ὀλίγῳ, ὀλίγην, ὀλίγης, ὀλίγῃ

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ὀλίγον τε φίλον τε, "small and yet dear," is Achilles' bitter understatement about his own war-prize — the paired τε...τε binds the two qualities as inseparable, small precisely because it is his only share.

ὀλοός

deadly; ruinous; destructive 25 times

ὀλοοῖο, ὀλοὸν, ὀλοὴν, ὀλοώτερος, ὀλοὴ, ὀλοῷ, ὀλοιῇσι, ὀλοήν and 6 more

genitive singular masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

ὀλοφύρομαι

lamenting; we mourn; pitied 17 times

ὀλοφυρόμενος, ὀλοφύρεται, ὀλοφυρόμεθ, ὀλοφύρατο, ὀλοφύρεαι, ὀλοφυρομένη, ὀλοφύρομαι, ὀλοφυρόμενοι

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st plural verb

Ὀλύμπιος

Olympian; of Olympus; the Olympian 32 times

Ὀλύμπιος, Ὀλύμπια, Ὀλύμπιε, Ὀλύμπιοι, Ὀλυμπίου

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective

"The Olympian" functions here as an epithet-as-name for Zeus, without needing his personal name spelled out.

ὀμφαλόεις

bossed 12 times

ὀμφαλόεσσαι, ὀμφαλοέσσης, ὀμφαλόεσσαν, ὀμφαλόεν

nominative plural feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

ὀμφαλός

navel; bosses; boss 7 times

ὀμφαλόν, ὀμφαλὸν, ὀμφαλοὶ, ὀμφαλοῦ

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

Part of the yoke assembly, not an anatomical navel.

ὀμφή

voice twice

ὀμφή, ὀμφῆς

nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

θείη ὀμφή, "the divine voice," is the poem's own confirmation that the Dream truly spoke with Zeus's authority, not merely Agamemnon's imagining.

ὀνείδειος

taunting; of reproach; with taunts 7 times

ὀνειδείοις, ὀνείδειον, ὀνειδείοισιν

dative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ὀνειδίζω

reviling; rebuke; you reproached 4 times

ὀνειδίζων, ὀνείδισον, ὀνείδισας

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb

ὀνειροπόλος

a reader of dreams once

ὀνειροπόλον

Dreams (ὄναρ) are treated as genuine messages sent by Zeus in Homer, on a par with omens read from birds — Achilles lists a dream-interpreter alongside seers and priests as an equally valid source of divine knowledge.

ὀνίνημι

will benefit; will help; gladdened 11 times

ὀνήσει, ὀνήσεται, ὤνησας, ὄνησα, ὀνήσειν, ὀνήσεαι, ὤνησαν, ὀνίνησι

future active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb

ὀνομάζω

called by name; called him by name; called her 21 times

ὀνόμαζε, ὀνόμαζεν, ὀνομάζων, ὀνομάζοι, ὀνόμαζον

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active optative, 3rd singular verb

The separated preverb and verb combine in tmesis: 'called her by name.'

ὀνομαίνω

called by name; named; name 8 times

ὀνόμηνεν, ὀνομήνω

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb

The aorist subjunctive is deliberative or hortatory: Agamemnon introduces his formal inventory of gifts.

ὀξύς

sharp; quickly; swiftly 103 times

ὀξέϊ, ὀξὺ, ὀξὺν, ὀξέα, ὀξύ, ὀξύτατον, ὀξέες, ὀξὺς and 7 more

accusative singular neuter adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective

ὀπάζω

gave; grants; attends 27 times

ὀπάζει, ὄπασσε, ὀπάζων, ὄπασσον, ὤπασε, ὄπαζε, ὄπαζεν, ὤπασαν and 8 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ὀπτάω

roasted; roasted them 5 times

ὤπτησάν, ὄπτησάν, ὤπτησε

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ὀπυίω

had married; coming as a bride; to marry 6 times

ὤπυιε, ὀπυιομένη, ὀπυιέμεν, ὀπυιέμεναι, ὄπυιε

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine

ὀπωρινός

autumnal 3 times

ὀπωρινῷ, ὀπωρινὸς

dative singular masculine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ὀρέγω

to grant; reached; offers 28 times

ὀρέξῃ, ὀρέξαι, ὀρεξάμενος, ὀρέξατο, ὀρέξομεν, ὤρεξε, ὀρεξάσθω, ὠρέξαθ and 10 more

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive

ὀρέγεσθαι is a present infinitive, 'to reach/extend'; it is not the finite 'I brought'.

ὀρεύς

mules; mountains; for the mules 5 times

οὐρῆας, ὀρέων, οὐρῆάς, οὐρῆες, οὐρεῦσι

accusative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

The dative marks those for whom the crowd is to make way.

ὀρθόκραιρος

straight-horned; high-horned 4 times

ὀρθοκραιράων

genitive plural feminine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective

ὀρθός

standing; upright 10 times

ὀρθὸς, ὀρθῶν, ὀρθαὶ

nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective

ὀρθόω

raised; up; rising upright 6 times

ὀρθωθεὶς, ὀρθωθείς, ὤρθωσεν, ὤρθωσε

aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ὀρίνω

stirred; stir; was shaken 33 times

ὄρινε, ὀρινομένους, ὀρίνθη, ὄρινεν, ὀρίνῃς, ὀρινομένη, ὀρίνετον, ὠρίνετο and 9 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, accusative plural masculine

A dual verb, agreeing with the two winds.

Ὀρμενίδης

son of Ormenus twice

Ὀρμενίδαο

The patronymic identifies Amyntor as the son of Ormenus.

ὀροθύνω

roused; spurred on; rouse 5 times

ὀρόθυνεν, ὀρόθυνε, ὀρόθυνον

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb

ὀρούω

rushed; leapt; having sprung 19 times

ὄρουσεν, ὀρούσας, ὄρουσαν, ὄρουσ, ὄρουσε

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

Ὀρσίλοχος

Orsilochus 3 times

Ὀρσίλοχόν, Ὀρσίλοχός, Ὀρσίλοχον

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

ὀρυκτός

dug 7 times

ὀρυκτὴν, ὀρυκτῇ, ὀρυκτήν, ὀρυκτὴ

accusative singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

ὀρυμαγδός

din; battle-din; crashing 13 times

ὀρυμαγδὸς, ὀρυμαγδοῦ, ὀρυμαγδῷ, ὀρυμαγδὸν

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ὀρφανικός

orphaned; of orphanhood 3 times

ὀρφανικὸν, ὀρφανικοί

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

Ὀρχομενός

Orchomenus 3 times

Ὀρχομενὸν

accusative singular masculine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

"Orchomenus of the Minyans," the Boeotian city — a homonym of the separate Arcadian Orchomenus that appears later in the Catalogue.

ὀστέον

bones; bone; the bone 30 times

ὀστέα, ὀστέον, ὀστέ, ὀστέω, ὀστέου

accusative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun

ὀτρύνω

urged; urging; stirred 88 times

ὄτρυνε, ὀτρύνων, ὄτρυνεν, ὄτρυνον, ὀτρύνοντες, ὀτρύνει, ὀτρύνουσ, ὀτρύνοντι and 19 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

An epic infinitive ending in -μεν, equivalent to the ordinary -ειν form.

ὀφέλλω

ought to have; increase; he had 18 times

ὀφέλλει, ὤφελλε, ὄφελλεν, ὤφελλον, ὀφέλλωσίν, ὀφέλλουσα, ὤφελλ, ὤφελλες and 4 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb

The imperfect with the wish particle expresses an unreal wish about what Agamemnon ought to have done.

ὀφείλω

you should have; ought to have; I should have 19 times

ὄφελες, ὄφελεν, ὄφελ, ὀφείλετ, ὤφελες, ὄφελέν, ὄφελόν, ὄφειλον and 3 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb

ὄφελες is the verb that, with αἴθε, forms the Homeric wish idiom "would that..."; its modal force has no separate English word beyond the idiom itself.

ὀφθαλμός

eyes; with his eyes; with my eyes 60 times

ὀφθαλμοῖσιν, ὀφθαλμῶν, ὀφθαλμοῖσι, ὀφθαλμοὺς, ὀφθαλμοῖο, ὀφθαλμοί, ὀφθαλμόν, ὀφθαλμώ and 3 more

dative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun

The dative plural is instrumental and supplies the means of seeing.

ὀφρύς

brows; his brows; the brow 11 times

ὀφρύσι, ὀφρύσιν, ὀφρύος, ὀφρῦς

dative plural feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

ὀχέω

to drive; will be carried 3 times

ὀχέεσθαι, ὀχήσονται

present medio-passive infinitive; future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb

The future middle is future in this prediction.

ὀχεύς

bar; bars; fastening 11 times

ὀχῆες, ὀχῆα, ὀχῆας, ὀχεὺς

nominative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun

ὀχθέω

troubled; in anguish; angered 20 times

ὀχθήσας, ὄχθησαν

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

μέγ' ὀχθήσας... προσέφη, 'greatly troubled, he answered,' is a formulaic half-line Homer reuses elsewhere to introduce a god's uneasy response to an awkward request.

ὁ

him; he; the 3372 times

τὸν, ὃ, οἳ, τῷ, τῶν, ὅ, τὸ, τὴν and 40 more

nominative singular masculine pronoun; accusative singular masculine pronoun; nominative plural masculine pronoun

ὁ here is the old Homeric demonstrative/pronoun use ("that one, he"), not yet the plain definite article it becomes in later Greek.

ὅδε

this; these; this man 184 times

τόδε, τάδε, τόδ, ἥδε, τόνδε, ὅδε, ὅδ, οἵδε and 24 more

accusative singular neuter pronoun; accusative plural neuter pronoun; nominative singular masculine pronoun

The neuter plural pronoun refers to what Hermes has said, not to the child.

ὅμαδος

uproar; a din; clamor 12 times

ὅμαδος, ὁμάδῳ, ὅμαδον, ὅμαδόν

nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ὅμιλος

the throng; throng; of the throng 76 times

ὅμιλον, ὁμίλου, ὁμίλῳ, ὅμιλος

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ὅμιλος is the subject, the crowd, not an adverbial phrase.

ὅμοιος

equal; like 14 times

ὁμοῖος, ὁμοῖον, ὁμοῖαι, ὁμοῖοι, ὁμοίη, ὁμοίην

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ὅρκιον

oaths; oath-offerings; oath 27 times

ὅρκια, ὅρκι, ὅρκιον

accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun

Here ὅρκια are the sacrificial victims and rites that solemnize the sworn agreement.

ὅρκος

oath; an oath; oaths 15 times

ὅρκον, ὅρκος, ὅρκου, ὅρκους

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

ὅς

who; which; whom 1189 times

ὅς, ὃς, οἳ, οἵ, ἥ, ὅ, ὅν, ὃν and 31 more

nominative singular masculine pronoun; nominative plural masculine pronoun; nominative singular feminine pronoun

ὅ τι, literally "the thing which," is the Homeric way of asking an indirect "why" — the relative pronoun doing double duty as an interrogative.

ὅσος

as many as; all who; all that 138 times

ὅσσον, ὅσσοι, ὅσοι, ὅσον, ὅσσ, ὅσα, ὅσσά, ὅσ and 11 more

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

The relative plural refers to all the wounds Hector received.

ὅστις

whatever; whoever; what 26 times

ὅττί, ὅττι, ὅτις, ἅσσά, ἅσσ, ὅτεῳ, ὁτέοισιν, ὅτινας and 2 more

accusative singular neuter pronoun; accusative plural neuter pronoun; nominative singular masculine pronoun

ὅτε

when; whenever; since 279 times

ὅτε, ὅτ, ὅθ, ὁτὲ, ὅ, τε

conjunction; adverb

With 'unless,' the negative contributes the exceptive sense: unless Zeus himself commanded it.

ὅτι

when; that; because 85 times

ὅτ, ὅτι, ὅττι, ὅττί, ὅθ, ὅ

conjunction; adverb

κήδετο γὰρ... ὅτι stacks two causal links — Hera acts because she cares, and she cares because she watches them dying — a chain of motive typical of Homeric narration.

ὁδός

the road; road; beside the road 27 times

ὁδῷ, ὁδοῦ, ὁδὸν, ὁδοῖο, ὁδὸς, ὁδός, ὁδόν, ὁδούς

genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

Genitive in the idiom for accomplishing a journey.

ὁμηγερής

gathered together; assembled 7 times

ὁμηγερέες, ὁμηγερέεσσι

nominative plural masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective

ὁμηλικία

same age; companions of my age; his companions 5 times

ὁμηλικίην, ὁμηλικίης, ὁμηλικίη

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

ὁμιλέω

moved among; thronged; he moved 12 times

ὁμίλεον, ὁμιλεῖ, ὁμιλέομεν, ὡμίλησα, ὁμιλέοι, ὁμίλει, ὡμίλευν, ὁμιλήσωσι

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 1st plural verb

Nestor now begins his long reminiscence of the Lapiths' war against the Centaurs, the standard exemplum an elder uses in the Iliad to claim authority through past glory rather than present strength.

ὁμός

one; same; gathered 7 times

ὁμὸν, ὁμὸς, ὁμῇ, ὁμὴ, ὁμὴν

nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

ὁμόω

to be united once

ὁμωθῆναι

The passive infinitive means that Oceanus and Tethys are to be made one or reconciled.

ὁμοίιος

level; equal; impartial 8 times

ὁμοιΐου, ὁμοίϊον

genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

Literally 'alike for all': age wears everyone down without distinction.

ὁμοκλέω

shouted to; with a shout; having shouted 15 times

ὁμοκλήσας, ὁμόκλα, ὁμοκλήσασκέ, ὁμοκλήσαντες, ὁμόκλεον, ὁμοκλήσειεν, ὁμόκλησάν

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ὁπλίζω

made ready; armed; make ready 7 times

ὁπλίζοντο, ὁπλίσαθ, ὁπλίσσατο, ὥπλισσε, ὁπλίσαι

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ὁπλότερος

younger; of younger men 5 times

ὁπλοτεράων, ὁπλότερος, ὁπλοτέρων, ὁπλότεροι

genitive plural feminine comparative adjective; nominative singular masculine comparative adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective

ὁπότερος

whichever; for which one; which one 11 times

ὁππότερος, ὁπποτέρῳ, ὁππότεροι, ὁπποτέροισι, ὁππότεραι, ὁππότερός

nominative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ὁράω

seeing; I behold; he saw 57 times

ὁρόων, ὁρῶμαι, ὄψεαι, ὀψομένη, ὅρα, ὁρᾶτο, ὄπωπα, ὄψεσθαι and 17 more

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; future middle indicative, 2nd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb

The future middle participle expresses purpose with a motion verb: 'I am going in order to visit.'

ὁρμάω

rushed; charged; rushing in 32 times

ὁρμήθη, ὁρμηθείς, ὁρμήσειε, ὁρμήθησαν, ὁρμηθήτην, ὁρμηθέντος, ὁρμηθῆναι, ὁρμᾶτ and 11 more

aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ὁρμαίνω

pondered; was pondering; he pondered 13 times

ὥρμαινε, ὅρμαινε, ὁρμαίνοντα, ὁρμαίνοντες, ὁρμαίνοντι, ὅρμηνεν, ὁρμαίνοντ

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, accusative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative plural masculine

ὁρμή

effort; cast; charge 6 times

ὁρμήν, ὁρμή, ὁρμὴν, ὁρμῆς, ὁρμῇ

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

οἴγω

opened; were thrown open; having opened 6 times

ὠΐγνυντο, ὤϊξε, οἴξασα, ᾦξε

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine

οἴομαι

I think; i think; intend 53 times

ὀΐω, ὀΐομαι, οἴω, ὀΐεαι, ὀϊόμενον, ὀϊσθεὶς, ὀϊομένῳ, ὀϊόμενος

present active indicative, 1st singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb

οἴχομαι

went; has gone; depart 38 times

ᾤχετο, ᾤχετ, οἴχεται, οἴχωνται, οἴχονται, οἰχόμενοι, ᾠχόμεθ, ᾤχοντο and 8 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

The present subjunctive with the conditional particle completes Hera's imagined future condition.

οἶδα

know; knew; knows 132 times

οἶδα, ᾔδη, ἴδμεν, εἰδὼς, οἶδ, οἶσθα, εἰδώς, εἰδότε and 32 more

perfect active indicative, 1st singular verb; perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

τά τ' ἐόντα τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρό τ' ἐόντα, "what is, what will be, what was before," is a formulaic tricolon for total prophetic knowledge — the same three-tense sweep later used of the Muses in Hesiod's Theogony.

οἶκος

home; house; the house 29 times

οἶκον, οἴκῳ, οἶκος, οἶκοι, οἴκου, οἴκοιο

accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

οἶνος

wine; of wine; with wine 41 times

οἶνον, οἴνοιο, οἴνου, οἴνῳ, οἶνος, οἶνόν

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

οἶνοψ

wine-dark 6 times

οἴνοπα, οἴνοπε, οἴνοπι

accusative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative dual masculine adjective

οἶος

alone; only; to her alone 78 times

οἶος, οἶον, οἴη, οἴῳ, οἶοι, οἴω, οἴοισίν, οἴους and 4 more

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

οἰκέω

settled; might be inhabited; two lived 4 times

ᾤκηθεν, οἰκέοιτο, οἴκεον, ᾤκεον

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb

οἰκτείρω

pitied; you pity; pitying 5 times

ᾤκτειρε, ᾤκτιρε, οἰκτίρεις, οἰκτίρων

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

οἰκτίρων is a present participle, not a finite past verb.

οἰμώζω

groaned; he groaned aloud; groaned aloud 17 times

ᾤμωξεν, οἰμώξας, ᾤμωξέν, οἰμώξειε, ᾤμωξαν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

οἰμωγή

groaning; lamentation; with wailing 5 times

οἰμωγή, οἰμωγῇ, οἰμωγῆς

nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

The dative οἰμωγῇ expresses accompaniment/manner.

οἰνίζομαι

bought wine; fetch; fetched 3 times

οἰνίζοντο, οἰνίζεσθε

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb

οἰνοβαρής

wine-heavy once

οἰνοβαρές

Achilles opens his second outburst with a string of animal insults — dog's eyes, deer's heart — that Homeric heroes use to shame a man as a coward, not literally as a drunkard.

οἰωνός

birds; the birds; bird 18 times

οἰωνοὶ, οἰωνούς, οἰωνοὺς, οἰωνὸν, οἰωνῶν, οἰωνοῖσί, οἰωνοῖσιν, οἰωνοῖσι and 3 more

nominative plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun

οἰωνόν is accusative singular.

οἷος

such as; as; what 71 times

οἷον, οἷος, οἷοι, οἷός, οἷόν, οἵη, οἷ, οἷα and 6 more

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

οἷος here introduces an indirect question, "what sort [of mind] the son of Atreus has," not a relative clause.

οὐ

not; no; never 796 times

οὐ, οὔ, οὐκ, οὐχ, οὐκί, οὔτε, οὔτ, οὐχὶ

This negation carries forward to ἄρκιον in l393, "no help then in escaping the dogs and birds."

οὔτε

nor; neither; never 53 times

οὔτέ, οὔτε, οὔτʼ, οὔθ

adverb; conjunction

οὔτε … οὔτε ("neither … nor," split across l226–227) is a correlative negative pair, each half needing its own English word even though the Greek repeats the same particle.

οὖδας

ground; the ground; floor 19 times

οὔδει, οὖδας, οὔδεϊ, οὔδεος

dative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun

οὖλος

baneful; thick; ruinously 10 times

οὖλον, οὖλος, οὖλε, οὔλη, οὔλων, οὔλας

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

οὖρον

furrow-ends; range twice

οὖρα

The comparison is the distance between the ends of furrows plowed by mules and oxen.

οὖς

ear; ears; handles 18 times

οὔατος, οὔατα, οὖς, οὔασι, οὔατ

genitive singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

οὐδέ

nor; not; even 23 times

οὐδὲ, οὐδ, οὐδέ, οὐδ’

adverb; conjunction

οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ stacks two negatives for emphasis: 'for not even,' not 'nor... nor.'

οὐδείς

no; nothing; no honor 8 times

οὐδὲν, οὐδενὶ, οὐδέν

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; dative singular masculine adjective

οὐδός

threshold; the threshold 6 times

οὐδῷ, οὐδὸν, οὐδός, οὐδὸς, οὐδοῦ

nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

οὐλόμενος

accursed; ruinous; accursed man 4 times

οὐλομένην, οὐλόμεν, οὐλομένη

accusative singular feminine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

οὐλοχύται

the barley grains; barley grains; the barley-grains 4 times

οὐλοχύτας

οὐλοχύται, barley groats scattered on a sacrificial victim, mark the formal opening of the ritual killing.

Οὐρανίωνες

heavenly; of heavenly gods; the heavenly gods 8 times

Οὐρανίωνες, Οὐρανιώνων

nominative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun

Οὐρανίωνες, "sons of Ouranos/Heaven," is a formal collective title for the Olympian gods, used here as the assembly falls silent in dismay.

οὐρανόθι

in the sky once

οὐρανόθι

The epic suffix -θι makes a locative adverb: ‘in the sky.’

οὐρανός

heaven; sky; to the sky 55 times

οὐρανὸν, οὐρανοῦ, οὐρανῷ, οὐρανὸς, οὐρανόν, οὐρανός, Οὐρανὸς

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

οὐρός

the launching-channels once

οὐρούς

οὐροί are the cleared grooves or skids down which beached ships are hauled into the water.

οὐτάζω

wounded; stabbed; struck 33 times

οὔτασε, οὔτασεν, οὐτάζοντο, οὔτασται, οὔτασ, οὐτάσαι, οὔταζον, οὐτάζων and 1 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

οὐτάω

stabbed; wounded; struck 40 times

οὖτα, οὔτησε, οὐτάμενοί, οὐτάμεν, οὐταμένην, οὐτάμεναι, οὖτά, οὐτηθείς and 2 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active infinitive

The iterative epic form indicates repeated stabbing by successive warriors.

οὐτιδανός

men of nothing; man of nothing; worthless 3 times

οὐτιδανοῖσιν, οὐτιδανὸς, οὐτιδανοῖο

dative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

οὗτος

these things; this; this man 164 times

ταῦτα, τοῦτον, οὗτος, ταῦτά, ταῦτ, τοῦτο, τούτῳ, ταῦθ and 12 more

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ταῦτα is neuter plural.

Seen once or twice

̓ὀδυσσεύς

of Odysseus once

ὄαρ

wives twice

ὄγδοος

eighth twice

ὄγκος

barbs twice

ὄθριξ

the same in coat once

ὄλβιος

prosperous once

ὄλυρα

spelt twice

ὄναρ

a dream twice

ὄνομα

by name; names twice

ὄνος

a donkey once

ὄπις

divine retribution once

ὄργυια

fathom once

ὄρθ

upright once

Ὄρθη

Orthe once

ὄρθιος

high-pitched once

Ὄρμενος

Ormenus twice

ὄρνεον

bird once

ὄροφος

roof once

ὄρπηξ

young shoots once

ὄρχατος

orchards once

ὄφις

the snake once

ὄψιμος

late once

ὄψον

meat; relish twice

ὀβριμοεργός

violent worker; brutal twice

ὀβριμοπάτρη

mighty-fathered twice

ὀγδόατος

eighth once

ὀγδοήκοντα

eighty twice

Ὀγχηστός

Onchestus once

ὀθόνη

in linen; linen robes twice

Ὀϊλεύς

Oileus once

Ὀϊλιάδης

son of Oileus twice

ὀιζύω

grieve; we suffer twice

ὀκνέω

am reluctant; shrank twice

ὀκρυόεις

chilling twice

ὀκτάκνημος

eight-spoked once

ὀλβιοδαίμων

fortune-favored once

ὀλέθριος

fatal twice

ὀλετήρ

killer once

ὀλίγιστος

smallest once

ὀλιγηπελέων

fainting; faint with weakness twice

Ὀλιζών

Olizon once

ὀλισθάνω

slipped twice

ὀλολυγή

with a ritual cry once

ὀλοοίτροχος

ruinous boulder once

Ὀλοοσσών

Oloosson once

ὀλοφυδνός

piteous twice

Ὀλυμπιάς

Olympian once

ὀμόργνυμι

wiped away; wiping away twice

ὀνειρόπολος

dream-interpreter once

Ὀνήτωρ

Onetor once

ὀνομάκλυτος

renowned once

ὀνοστός

to be scorned once

ὀξυβελής

sharp-pointed once

ὀπίζομαι

honored; you feared twice

ὀπίστατος

hindmost twice

Ὀπίτης

Opites once

ὀπιπτεύω

do you eye; having watched twice

ὀπός

fig sap once

ὀπταλέος

roasted once

ὀπώρα

in late summer once

ὀρέγνυμι

stretching out twice

Ὀρέσβιος

Oresbius once

ὀρέστερος

mountain-dwelling once

ὀρεκτός

outstretched once

ὀρεσιτρόφος

mountain-bred twice

ὀρεσκῷος

mountain-dwelling once

ὀρεστιάς

mountain-dwelling once

ὀρεχθέω

bellowed once

Ὀρθαῖος

Orthaeus once

Ὀρμένιος

Ormenium once

Ὀρνειαί

Orneae once

Ὀρτίλοχος

Ortilochus twice

ὀρύσσω

dig; dug twice

ὀρχέομαι

were dancing once

ὀρχηθμός

dancing once

ὀρχηστύς

dance once

ὀσμή

a smell once

ὀτραλέος

quickly; eagerly twice

Ὀτρεύς

of Otreus once

ὀτρηρός

brisk; diligent twice

Ὀτρυντείδης

son of Otrynteus twice

Ὀτρυντεύς

to Otrynteus once

ὀτρυντύς

summons twice

Ὀφέλτιος

Opheltius twice

Ὀφελέστης

Ophelestes twice

ὀφρυόεις

lofty once

ὀχετηγός

watercourse-cutter once

Ὀχήσιος

of Ochesius once

ὀχλέω

are stirred once

ὀχλίζω

could lever once

ὀψείω

wanting a view once

ὀψιτέλεστος

late to be fulfilled once

ὃ

he once

ὅ

that once

ὅλμος

log once

ὅμως

yet once

ὅπλομαι

to make ready twice

ὅρμημα

strivings; struggles twice

ὅρμος

the anchorage; necklaces twice

ὅρος

boundary stones; boundary twice

ὁδεύω

to make their way once

ὁδίτης

traveler once

ὁδοιπόρος

wayfarer once

ὁμαρτέω

met together; attending you twice

ὁμαρτήδην

together once

ὁμήγυρις

gathering once

ὁμῆλιξ

your peers once

ὁμόσε

together; head-on twice

ὁμότιμος

equal in honor once

ὁμόφρων

like-minded once

ὁμογάστριος

from the same womb twice

ὁμοῖος

equal twice

ὁμοιόω

likening himself once

ὁμοκλητήρ

enemy's shout; the shouter twice

ὁμοστιχάω

walks alongside once

ὁμώνυμος

sharing one name once

ὁπλή

hooves twice

ὁπλότατος

youngest once

ὁπόθι

wherever once

ὁποῖος

whatever once

ὁποτέρωθε

from which side once

ὁρμέω

rushed twice

ὁρμίζω

let us moor once

ὁσάκις

as often as twice

ὁσσάτιος

how great once

ὁτέ

at other times; at times twice

οἴαξ

guiding rings once

οἴκοθι

at home once

οἴκοι

at home twice

οἴκτιστος

most pitiable once

Οἴτυλος

Oetylus once

οἴω

I think once

οἶδμα

in flood; with waves twice

οἶμα

rush; swoop twice

οἶμος

bands once

οἰδάνω

swells twice

Οἰδιπόδης

of Oedipus once

οἰέτης

the same in age once

οἰήιον

steering oars once

οἰκεύς

household twice

οἰκτρός

pitiful once

Οἰνείδης

son of Oeneus; of Oeneus twice

οἰνόπεδος

of vineyard once

Οἰνοπίδης

son of Oenops once

οἰνοποτάζω

drinking wine once

οἰνοχόος

a wine-pourer once

οἰνοχοέω

poured; poured out twice

οἰνοχοεύω

to pour our wine; to pour wine twice

οἰόθεν

alone twice

οἰόομαι

was left alone twice

Οἰχαλία

Oechalia once

Οἰχαλίηθεν

from Oechalia once

Οἰχαλιεύς

of Oechalia twice

οἰχνέω

ranged; used to carry twice

οἰωνοπόλος

of augurs; of seers twice

οὔλιος

baneful once

οὖθαρ

udder twice

οὐδενόσωρος

worthless once

οὐδετέρωσε

toward neither side once

Οὐκαλέγων

Ucalegon once

οὐρά

with his tail once

οὐραῖος

tail once

οὐρεύς

mules once

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.