κ
Words of the Iliad · 581 headwords
Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.
κάθημαι
sitting; they sat; seated 18 times
καθήμενοι, καθήμενος, καθήατο, κάθησο, καθῆστο, ἧντ, καθήμεναι
perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine; pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; perfect medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb
This pluperfect-form verb has present-state force: they sat there.
κάλη
fine; fair; beautiful 5 times
κάλ
accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective
κάλλος
in beauty; beauty 8 times
κάλλει, κάλλεΐ, κάλλός, κάλλος, κάλλεϊ, κάλλεος
dative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun
Κάλχας
Calchas; to Calchas 7 times
Κάλχας, Κάλχαν, Κάλχαντα, Κάλχαντι
nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
Calchas is the seer whose interpretation of the sign at Aulis (recounted below, lines 308ff.) authorized the war's nine-year timeline in the first place.
κάματος
weariness; with weariness; by toil 13 times
καμάτῳ, κάματος, κάματός, κάματον
dative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
κάμνω
wrought; toiled; grew weary 33 times
κάμε, κάμον, κεκμηότας, κάμω, καμεῖται, καμόντας, καμέτην, ἔκαμον and 13 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
The dual verb presents Hera's pair of horses together.
κάμπτω
may bend; will bend; bend 4 times
κάμψειν, κάμψῃ, ἔκαμψαν
future active infinitive; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb
Aorist finite verb.
κάνεον
baskets; basket 3 times
κανέοισιν, κάνεον
dative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun
κάπετος
trench; ditch 3 times
κάπετον, καπέτοιο
accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
κάπριος
wild boar; boar 4 times
καπρίῳ, κάπριον, κάπριος
dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
κάπρος
boars; boar; a boar 9 times
κάπρου, κάπροισιν, κάπρον, κάπρω, κάπρῳ
genitive singular masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
κάρα
head; (untranslated); heads 59 times
κάρη, καρήατι, καρήαθ, κάρητι, καρήατα, καρήατος
accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun
κάρη κομόωντας, literally "long-haired as to the head," is the locked standing epithet "long-haired Achaeans"; κάρη itself contributes no separate word to the English.
κάρηνον
peaks; heads; crowning heights 15 times
κάρηνα, καρήνων
genitive plural neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun
κάρηνα literally "heads"; here the topmost battlements/citadels of captured cities, not literal human heads.
κάρτος
strength; in strength 8 times
κάρτεϊ, κάρτος, κάρτεΐ
dative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun
κάτειμι
will go down; coming down; comes down 4 times
κάτεισι, κατιοῦσα, κατίμεν
present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular feminine; present active infinitive
καγχαλάω
laughing aloud; they laugh aloud 3 times
καγχαλόων, καγχαλόωσι
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb
Καδμεῖος
Cadmeans; to the Cadmeans; the Cadmeans 7 times
Καδμείωνας, Καδμεΐωνας, Καδμείοισιν, Καδμεῖοι, Καδμείων, Καδμείοισι
accusative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective
καθάπτω
address; to descend; comes down 5 times
καταβήμεναι, καθάπτεσθαι, καθάπτετο, καθαπτόμενος
aorist passive infinitive; present medio-passive infinitive; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb
Epic infinitive ending in -menai; despite the supplied passive analysis, the contextual sense is intransitive, 'come down.'
καθαίρω
cleansed; cleanse 3 times
κάθηρεν, ἐκάθηρε, κάθηρον
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb
καθαρός
clear 3 times
καθαρῷ
καθέζομαι
sat; sat down; sitting 14 times
καθέζετο, καθεζομένη, καθεζόμενοι, καθεζώμεσθα
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine; present medio-passive participle, nominative masculine
καθίζω
sat down; seat; seated 15 times
κάθισον, κάθιζ, καθεῖσεν, κάθιζον, καθίζειν, καθίσσας, καταείσατο, καθεῖσε and 3 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb
The participle supplies the action completed before Phoenix fed Achilles.
καθικνέομαι
you struck deep once
καθίκεο
The middle verb is used metaphorically of Odysseus' rebuke reaching painfully into Agamemnon's spirit.
καθοράω
looking down; gazing on twice
καθορῶν, καθορώμενος
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine
middle participle used actively: poseidon is visually surveying the land.
καθύπερθε
from above; above; above it 14 times
καθύπερθεν, καθύπερθε, καθύπερθ
adverb; preposition
καθύπερθε locates Phrygia inland/up-country in this geographical context.
καί
and; also; even 2850 times
καὶ, καί
conjunction; adverb
καὶ … περ is a concessive pairing, "however much/although," softening the command that follows.
καίνυμαι
surpassed; excelled; well skilled 10 times
ἐκέκαστο, κέκαστο, κεκασμένε, κέκασται, κεκάσθαι
pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect medio-passive participle, vocative singular masculine; perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb
The pluperfect presents Tydeus' excellence as an established reputation.
καίριος
a deadly place; deadliest 3 times
καίριόν, καιρίῳ
nominative singular neuter adjective; dative singular masculine adjective
καίω
burned; burning; we burn 50 times
καίετο, καῖε, καίων, ἔκηα, καίοντο, κάη, κήομεν, καιομένοιο and 23 more
imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
The infinitive gives the purpose of the fire's rising: to consume the woods.
κακός
evil; evils; harm 188 times
κακὸν, κακὰ, κακὸς, κακόν, κακῶς, κάκ, κακῶν, κακοῦ and 19 more
accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
"Seer of evils" directly inverts the narrator's own description of Calchas as μάντις ἀμύμων, "blameless seer," fourteen lines earlier — Agamemnon's insult is aimed at the very impartiality the poem has just vouched for.
κακότης
cowardice; for his wickedness; hardship 7 times
κακότητι, κακότητος, κακότητα
dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
κακόω
harmed; you harm 3 times
κεκακωμένοι, ἐκάκωσε, κακοῖς
perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb
καλέω
called; call; to summon 60 times
καλέουσι, καλέουσιν, κάλεσσον, καλέσσατο, καλεοίμην, καλέσσαι, ἐκαλέσσατο, κέκλημαι and 30 more
present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb
κεκλημένος is a perfect participle, "having been called" — Odysseus threatens to strip away a permanent, settled identity (fatherhood), not just a passing title.
καλήτωρ
summoner once
καλήτορα
καλήτορα describes the herald as a summoner.
καλλίθριξ
fair-maned; lovely-maned; thefair 13 times
καλλίτριχας, καλλίτριχες, καλλίτριχε, καλλίτριχος
accusative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine adjective
καλλίσφυρος
lovely-ankled; fair-ankled 3 times
καλλισφύρου
καλλιπάρηος
fair-cheeked 14 times
καλλιπάρῃον, καλλιπάρῃος, καλλιπαρῄῳ
accusative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective
καλλιπλόκαμος
fair-tressed; lovely-haired 4 times
καλλιπλοκάμῳ, καλλιπλοκάμοιο, καλλιπλοκάμου
genitive singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective
καλός
beautiful; fine; fair 142 times
καλὰ, καλὸν, καλά, καλόν, καλὴν, καλῇ, κάλλιστος, καλὴ and 21 more
accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective
The neuter plural adjective is used adverbially to modify 'told.'
καλύπτω
covered; covering; cover 65 times
κάλυψε, ἐκάλυψε, κάλυψεν, ἐκάλυψεν, καλύψας, κεκαλυμμένος, ἐκάλυψαν, καλύψαι and 14 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine
Perfect participle describing Priam.
Καλυδών
Calydon; of Calydon 6 times
Καλυδῶνος, Καλυδῶνι, Καλυδῶνά, Καλυδῶνα
accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun
καμπύλος
curved; recurved 7 times
καμπύλα, καμπύλον
accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
καναχή
clanging; a ringing sound; gnashing 3 times
καναχὴν, καναχὴ
accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
κανών
crossbars; loom-rod 3 times
κανόνας, κανόνεσσ, κανών
accusative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
Καπανεύς
of Capaneus; son of Capaneus 6 times
Καπανῆος, Καπανήϊος, Καπανήϊον
genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
καπνός
smoke; the smoke; aswhen 8 times
καπνὸς, καπνοῦ, καπνῷ, καπνός
nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
καρδία
heart; your heart; the heart 32 times
κραδίη, κραδίην, κραδίῃ, καρδίῃ, κραδίης
nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun
κραδίῃ means 'heart'; the possessive is supplied by context.
καρπάλιμος
swiftly; quickly; swift 25 times
καρπαλίμως, καρπαλίμοισι
adverb; dative plural masculine adjective
καρπός
fruit; wrist; harvest 15 times
καρπῷ, καρπὸν, καρπόν
dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
καρπῷ is singular dative.
καρτερόθυμος
strong-hearted; stout-hearted 3 times
καρτερόθυμε, καρτερόθυμον, καρτεροθύμων
vocative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective
καρτερός
strong; mighty; violent 17 times
καρτερός, καρτερὸν, καρτεραί, καρτερὰ, καρτερόν
nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective
κασίγνητος
brother; brothers; his brother 33 times
κασιγνήτοιο, κασίγνητον, κασίγνητος, κασίγνητε, κασιγνήτῳ, κασίγνητοί, κασιγνήτους, κασιγνήτοισι and 4 more
genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
κασιγνήτη
sister; sisters; his sisters 9 times
κασιγνήτη, κασίγνηται, κασιγνήτην, κασιγνήτῃσιν, κασιγνήτῃσι
nominative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
κασσίτερος
tin; of tin; with tin 10 times
κασσιτέροιο, κασσιτέρου, κασσίτερόν, κασσιτέρῳ
genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
κατά
in; down; through 500 times
κατὰ, κατ, κὰδ, καθ, κάτα, κατά, κὰκ, κὰπ and 4 more
κατὰ...ἔκηα is another split compound, κατακαίω ("to burn up"), the same tmesis pattern as ἐπερέφω the line above.
κατάγω
to lead down; to take back 3 times
κατάγειν, καταξέμεν
present active infinitive; future active infinitive
καταβάλλω
dropped; threw down; dropped it 5 times
κάββαλεν, κάββαλε, κάββαλ, κατέβαλλε
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
An epic compressed compound form meaning 'cast down.'
καταβαίνω
went down; came down; to go down 11 times
κατεβήσετο, καταβῆναι, καταβήσεο, καταβήομεν, κατέβησαν, καταβάς, καταβήσεται, καταβᾶσα and 1 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive
κατέβαν is the finite aorist verb, not a participle.
καταδέω
bound fast; they tethered; he tethered 4 times
κατέδησαν, κατέδησ
aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb
καταδύω
to enter; went down; setting 21 times
καταδῦναι, κατέδυ, καταδύντι, καταδύντα, κατεδύσετο, καταδύμεναι, κατεδύσεθ, καταδῦσα and 3 more
aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, dative singular masculine
Literally 'went down into' his armor, an idiom for putting it on.
καταθνήσκω
dead; long dead; dies 14 times
κατατεθνηῶτος, κατατεθνηώτων, κατατεθνηῶτι, κάτθαν, κατατεθνήκασι, κατατεθνηῶτας, κάτθανε, καταθνῄσκων
perfect active participle, genitive singular masculine; perfect active participle, genitive plural masculine; perfect active participle, dative singular masculine
καταθνητός
mortal; of mortal 4 times
καταθνητός, καταθνητῶν, καταθνητοῖσιν
nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective
καταῖτυξ
skullcap once
καταῖτυξ
A rare lexical term for a plain leather skullcap without horn or crest.
κατακαίω
burned; we shall burn; to burn 4 times
κατέκαιον, κατέκηε, κατακήομεν, κατακαιέμεν
imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb
κατακείω
to lie down; lying; stand 6 times
κακκείοντες, κατακείμενος, κατακεῖσθαι, κατακείαται
future active participle, nominative plural masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive infinitive
κατακοιμάω
has lain; let him sleep; we lay down 3 times
κατακοιμηθῆναι, κατακοιμηθήτω, κατεκοιμήθημεν
aorist passive infinitive; aorist passive imperative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 1st plural verb
The passive imperative is idiomatic: 'let him lie down to sleep.'
κατακτείνω
killed; to kill him; after killing 43 times
κατέκτα, κατακτάμεναι, κατακτάμεν, κατακτείνας, κατέκταθεν, κατέκτανε, κατακτὰς, κατακτάς and 13 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine
The killing of his great-uncle Licymnius is why Tlepolemus flees Tiryns and founds the Rhodian settlement — the backstory behind why Heracles' grandson leads a contingent from Rhodes rather than the Argolid.
καταλέγω
recount; lay down; will tell 13 times
κατάλεξον, καταλέξω, κατέλεξας, κατέλεξεν, κατέλεκτο, κατελέξατο
aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb
The aorist imperative is a command, not a future verb.
καταλείπω
left behind; he left me; I left behind 12 times
κάλλιφ, κάλλιπες, κατέλειπον, κάλλιπον, καλλείπειν, κάλλιπεν, καταλείψομεν, καλλείψειν and 2 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb
καταμάρπτω
caught; overtake 3 times
κατέμαρπτε, καταμάρψῃ
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb
κατανεύω
nodded assent; pledged; bow your head in assent 13 times
κατένευσε, κατανεῦσαι, κατένευσεν, κατάνευσον, κατανεύσομαι, κατανεύσω, κατένευσα, κατένευσας
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb
κατανεῦσαι, "to nod down," is Zeus's irrevocable gesture of assent — the pledge sealed earlier in the book (line 528) that Hera now suspects and confronts him about.
καταπαύω
to end; to stop; would have stopped 5 times
καταπαυσέμεν, κατέπαυσε, καταπαύσῃ
future active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb
καταπήγνυμι
planted; he planted; fixed itself 4 times
κατέπηξεν, κατέπηξαν, κατέπηκτο
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb
καταπίπτω
fell; fell down; I fell down 18 times
κάππεσεν, κάππεσον, κάππεσε, κάππεσ, καππεσέτην
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb
the compound’s first element is assimilated in this epic form
καταπρηνής
outstretched; flat of his hand 3 times
καταπρηνέσσ, καταπρηνεῖ
dative plural feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective
καταπτώσσω
cowering back; cowering; to cower 4 times
καταπτώσσοντ, καταπτώσσοντες, καταπτώσσειν, καταπτώσσουσι
present active participle, accusative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative plural masculine; present active infinitive
καταρρέζω
stroked; caressed 5 times
κατέρεξεν, καρρέζουσα
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular feminine
καταρρέζω, "to stroke gently," is a tender physical gesture rare in the Iliad's battle-heavy vocabulary — Thetis touches her son before she speaks, comfort coming before words.
κατατίθημι
set down; laid down; they laid down 12 times
κατέθηκε, κάτθεσαν, κατέθηκεν, κατέθεντ, καταθείομαι, καταθέντε, κατέθηκαν
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb
καταχεύω
poured down; poured; let fall 10 times
κατέχευεν, κατέχευε, κατέχευαν, καταχεῦαι, καταχεύῃ
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb
κατέδω
devour; devouring 3 times
κατέδουσιν, κατέδων
present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine
κατέπεφνον
killed; slays; slew 7 times
κατέπεφνεν, κατέπεφνε, καταπέφνῃ, καταπέφνων
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine
κατέρχομαι
had come down; going down; went down 4 times
κατελθέμεν, κατελθόντ, κατῆλθον, κατήλθομεν
aorist active infinitive; aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb
κατέχω
will hold back; held; wrapped 8 times
καθέξει, κάτεχεν, κατασχομένη, κατέχουσι, κατέχοντο, κατέχονται
future active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine
The audience knows what Helen does not: her brothers are already dead and buried in Sparta.
κατείβω
flowing down; streamed down 3 times
κατειβόμενον, κατείβετο
present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb
The imperfect describes tears streaming down continuously.
κατερείπω
brought down; has fallen twice
κατήριπε, κατερήριπεν
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
The perfect stresses the wall's present ruined state.
κατερύκω
kept there; I keep back; holds her back 8 times
κατέρυκε, κατερύκω, κατερύκει, κατερύκανε, κατέρυκες
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 1st singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb
Imperative addressed to Hecuba.
κατεσθίω
devours; devoured; will devour 4 times
κατεσθίει, κατήσθιε, κατέδονται
present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb
κατήσθιε is imperfect tense, "kept devouring" — picturing the serpent eating the nestlings one by one rather than all at once.
κατευνάζω
lay down once
κατεύνασθεν
The dual verb matches τώ: Paris and Helen, the two of them, lay down.
κατήφεια
shame 3 times
κατηφείη, κατηφείην
nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
καυλός
shaft; the shaft; hilt 5 times
καυλῷ, καυλὸν
dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
κέλευθος
path; paths; the way 17 times
κέλευθον, κέλευθα, κελεύθου, κέλευθοι, κελεύθους
accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural neuter noun; genitive singular feminine noun
κέλομαι
called; urge; calling 63 times
ἐκέκλετο, κέκλετο, κέλεται, κέλομαι, κεκλόμενοι, κέλεαι, κέκλετ, κέλετ and 10 more
aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb
the middle aorist is an epic form meaning he called or commanded.
κέρας
horns; horn; bow 7 times
κέρας, κέρα, κέρασιν, κέρᾳ, κεράεσσι, κεράων
dative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun
κέρδος
gain; advantages; by cunning 4 times
κέρδεα, κέρδος, κέρδεσιν
accusative plural neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun
κεάζω
split; was split 4 times
κεάσθη, κέασσε
aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb
Κεβριόνης
Cebriones; than Cebriones 13 times
Κεβριόνην, Κεβριόναο, Κεβριόνῃ, Κεβριόνης
accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
κεδάννυμι
scattered; were scattered 8 times
κεδασθέντες, ἐκέδασσε, κεδασθείσης, κέδασθεν, ἐκέδασσεν
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist passive participle, genitive singular feminine
κεδνός
closest; honored; faithful 3 times
κεδνότατοι, κεδνούς, κεδνὰς
nominative plural masculine superlative adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective
κείρω
he severed; cut away; crops 12 times
κέρσε, κείρει, ἔκερσεν, κεῖρε, κείροντες, κείρασθαί, κειρόμενοι, κερέειν and 1 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
The detached apo adds the result 'cut off' to the verb: a case of tmesis.
κεῖμαι
lay; lies; lie 106 times
κεῖται, κεῖτο, κείμενον, κεῖσθαι, κεῖτ, ἔκειτο, κέαται, κεῖσαι and 16 more
imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine
The masculine genitive participle refers to Menelaus, not his neuter plural bones: literally, 'with you lying in Troy.'
κεῖνος
he; that man; that 30 times
κεῖνος, κείνου, κεῖνοι, κείνοισι, κείνης, κείνων, κείνους, κείνω and 3 more
nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine pronoun; genitive singular masculine adjective
κεῖνοι ("those [men]") picks up the whole catalog of Lapith names just given — Pirithous, Dryas, Caeneus, and the rest.
κειμήλιον
treasures; an heirloom 6 times
κειμήλια, κειμήλιον
nominative plural neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun
κελαδέω
shouted 3 times
κελάδησαν
κελαδεινός
loud-sounding; resounding 4 times
κελαδεινῆς, κελαδεινὴ, κελαδεινή, κελαδεινὸν
nominative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
κελαινεφής
dark-clouded; dark; lord of the dark clouds 13 times
κελαινεφὲς, κελαινεφέϊ, κελαινεφέα, κελαινεφές, κελαινεφεῖ
vocative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; dative singular adjective
κελαινεφής pictures Zeus wreathed in dark storm-cloud, the same brooding sky-god who withholds Agamemnon's full prayer later in this speech (l419).
κελαινός
dark; black 10 times
κελαινὸν, κελαινὴ, κελαινῇ
nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
κελεύω
ordered; command; commands 101 times
κελεύεις, κέλευσε, κελεύων, κέλευε, κελεύει, κελεύω, ἐκέλευσε, ἐκέλευε and 19 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb
κενεών
flank; belly 4 times
κενεῶνα
κενός
empty; empty-handed 4 times
κενεόν, κεινὴ, κεινῇσιν, κείν
accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective
κεραίζω
was cutting down; would ravage; ravages 7 times
κεραΐζων, κεράϊζε, κεραΐζετον, κεραϊξέμεν, κεραϊζομένους, κεραϊζομένην
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd dual verb
Participle paired with 'laid waste'.
κεραός
horned 4 times
κεραὸν
κεραυνός
thunderbolt; the thunderbolt 8 times
κεραυνός, κεραυνῷ, κεραυνόν, κεραυνὸν
nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
κερδίων
better; keenest in cunning 14 times
κέρδιον, κέρδιστος
nominative singular neuter comparative adjective; accusative singular neuter comparative adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective
κερτόμιος
taunting; with taunting words 3 times
κερτομίοις, κερτομίοισι
κεύθω
hide; hide it; keeps hidden 6 times
κεῦθε, κεύθῃ, κέκευθε, κεύθωμαι
present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
The perfect emphasizes wealth stored and still concealed within Troy.
κεφαλή
head; heads; my head 73 times
κεφαλῆς, κεφαλῇ, κεφαλὴν, κεφαλῆφιν, κεφαλήν, κεφαλὴ, κεφαλὰς, κεφαλέων and 3 more
genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun
An epic case form marks the point from which the cap was removed.
κήδειος
my own kin once
κηδείους
The adjective denotes close family or kin; here it refers to Briseis’s three brothers.
κήδω
cares; care; cared 29 times
κηδομένη, κήδεται, κῆδε, κήδεαι, κήδειν, κηδόμενοί, κήδετο, ἔκηδε and 9 more
present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
κήδων is a present participle describing Achilles causing grief to Priam and his children.
κήλεος
blazing; consuming 6 times
κηλέῳ, κηλείῳ
κήρ
doom; death; fates 45 times
κῆρα, κῆρ, κῆρας, κῆρες, κὴρ, κῆρε, κηρὶ
accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun
κῆρες, personified death-spirits, are distinct from the abstract θάνατος, "death," named right after in the same line.
κῆδος
sorrows; troubles; griefs 24 times
κήδε, κήδεα, κῆδος, κήδεσι
accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun
κήδεα is plural and denotes Niobe's woes/griefs.
κῆλον
shafts; arrows 3 times
κῆλα
nominative plural neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun
κῆρ
heart; at heart; in his heart 44 times
κῆρ, κῆρι
accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun
κῆρι is a singular dative of respect/location, not a plural possessive noun.
κῆρυξ
herald; heralds; the heralds 44 times
κήρυκες, κῆρυξ, κηρύκεσσι, κήρυκα, κήρυκι, κήρυκε, κηρύκων, κῆρύξ and 3 more
nominative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
κήρυκα means 'herald'; its gloss was swapped with καλήτορα.
κηρύσσω
made proclamation; summon; by proclamation 6 times
κηρύσσειν, ἐκήρυσσον, κηρύσσοντες, κηρύσσων
present active infinitive; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative plural masculine
κηώεις
incense-scented 3 times
κηώεντα, κηώεντι
accusative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective
κίδναμαι
spread; spreads 3 times
ἐκίδνατο, κίδναται
imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present passive indicative, 3rd singular verb
κίνυμαι
moved; began to move; moving 5 times
κίνυντο, κινύμενος, κινυμένοιο
imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive participle, genitive singular neuter
κίω
went; going; came 47 times
κίε, κιὼν, κίον, κίεν, κιόντα, κιών, κί, κιοῦσαι and 6 more
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb
The optative is the purpose-clause verb; it does not itself mean 'before leaving.'
κικλήσκω
call; called; calling 10 times
κίκλησκεν, κικλήσκουσιν, κίκλησκον, κικλήσκειν, κικλήσκουσ, κικλήσκετο, κικλήσκεις, κικλήσκουσι and 2 more
present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb
κινέω
stirs; stirring; moved 13 times
κινήσῃ, κινήσας, κινήθη, κινηθέντος, κινήσαντος, ἐκίνηθεν, κίνησεν
aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb
κιχάνω
found; overtook; find 41 times
κιχείω, κιχήσατο, κιχάνει, κίχανεν, κιχείη, κιχήσομαι, κιχήμενον, κιχήσεσθαι and 15 more
aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb
κλάζω
shouting aloud; shouting; shrieking 14 times
κεκλήγων, κεκλήγοντες, ἔκλαγξαν, κλάγξαντος, κλάγξας, κλάζοντε
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative plural masculine; perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine
κλαγγή
clamor; twang; with clamor 6 times
κλαγγὴ, κλαγγῇ, κλαγγῆς, κλαγγή
nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
κλαγγή is an onomatopoeic word for a sharp clanging or twanging sound, used here of the bowstring and later of birds' cries — Homer reaches for it whenever a noise needs to sound ominous.
κλαίω
weeping; wept; weep 37 times
κλαίουσ, κλαίουσα, κλαίων, κλαίεις, κλαίοντα, κλαίειν, κλαῖεν, κλαίοντε and 12 more
present active participle, nominative singular feminine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative dual masculine
Present subjunctive exhortation, not future tense.
κλέος
glory; fame; report 29 times
κλέος, κλέα
accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun
κλέος, "fame/glory," specifically names the kind of renown that lives on in poetic memory — its κλέος is the very story Calchas is now retelling, and Homer is singing.
κλέπτω
to steal; deceive; stole 6 times
κλέψαι, κλέπτε, ἔκλεψεν, ἔκλεψε
aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb
κλέπτε νόῳ, literally "steal with your mind," is Agamemnon's accusation that Achilles is scheming rather than speaking plainly — the same verb used for stealing property.
κλείς
collarbone; with a bolt; with the key 12 times
κληῗδα, κληῗδι, κληῒς, κληῗσιν, κληῗδες, κληῗσ
accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
κλειτός
glorious; famed; famous 15 times
κλειτὴν, κλειτῶν, κλειτοὺς, κλειτοί, κλειτὰς, κλειτῷ, κλειτὸς
accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective
κλῆρος
lot; lots; by lot 13 times
κλῆρος, κλήρους, κλήρῳ, κλῆρον, κλήρου
nominative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
κλίνω
leaning; bent aside; leaned 27 times
ἐκλίνθη, κεκλιμένοι, κεκλιμένος, κλίναντες, ἔκλιναν, κλίνασα, ἐκέκλιτο, κλινθήτην and 9 more
aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine; perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine
κλισία
huts; hut; the huts 106 times
κλισίην, κλισίας, κλισίῃ, κλισίης, κλισίῃσιν, κλισιάων, κλισίῃσι, κλισίῃς and 3 more
accusative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun
κλισίαι are the makeshift shelters of the beached camp, not permanent houses — part of the poem's picture of an army still living in the field after nine years.
κλισίηθεν
from the hut; from my hut; from his shelter 7 times
κλισίηθεν
κλισμός
chairs; chair 4 times
κλισμοῖσι, κλισμῷ
dative plural masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
κλόνος
tumult; panic 7 times
κλόνον
κλονέω
were in turmoil; were thrown into confusion; driving them 20 times
κλονέοντο, κλονέων, κλονέονται, κλονέοντας, κλονέεσθαι, κλονέοντα, κλονέει, κλονέωσι and 1 more
imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb
κλύω
hear; heard; listened 50 times
ἔκλυε, κέκλυτέ, ἔκλυον, κλύον, κλῦθί, ἔκλυες, κλῦτε, κέκλυτε and 3 more
aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb
The object heard is supplied by the following participle: heard from a man speaking.
Κλυτίος
Clytius 4 times
Κλυτίον, Κλυτίοιο
accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun
κλυτόπωλος
of famous horses 3 times
κλυτοπώλῳ
κλυτός
famed; famous; renowned 45 times
κλυτὰ, κλυτὸς, κλυτὸν, κλυτός, κλυτοῦ
accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
κλυτότοξος
famed for his bow 3 times
κλυτοτόξῳ, κλυτότοξον
dative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
κλυτοτέχνης
famed craftsman 3 times
κλυτοτέχνην, κλυτοτέχνης
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine adjective
κλυτοτέχνης, "famed for his craft," marks Hephaestus by his trade as smith-god before he speaks — his skill (not rank) is why the other gods listen to him now.
κνέφας
darkness 7 times
κνέφας
nominative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun
κνήμη
shins; legs; shin 13 times
κνήμῃσιν, κνῆμαι, κνῆμαί, κνήμην, κνήμας, κνημάων
nominative plural feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
κνημίς
greaves; greave 7 times
κνημῖδας, κνημὶς
accusative plural feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
κνημός
the slopes; slopes; folds 5 times
κνημοῖσι, κνημοὺς
dative plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun
κνῖσα
the savor; with fat; savor of fat 9 times
κνίσης, κνίσῃ, κνίσην, κνίση
genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
κνίσα, the savory smoke and fat of burnt sacrifice, is what the gods are imagined to actually consume — accepting the κνίσα is the god's way of accepting the offering itself.
κόλπος
gulf; her breast; robe-fold 13 times
κόλπον, κόλπῳ, κόλποι
accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
κόμη
hair; her hair 9 times
κόμην, κόμης, κόμη, κόμαι
accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
Athena seizes Achilles by the hair from behind — a gesture of restraint visible, the poem stresses, only to him.
κόνις
dust 7 times
κόνις, κόνιος, κόνιν, κόνι
nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
κόπρος
dung; farmyard 4 times
κόπρον, κόπρου, κόπρος
accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
κόπτω
struck; cut; striking off 9 times
κόψε, κόψας, κόψεν, κόπτε, κόψατο, κόψ
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
κόρη
girl; daughter; the girl 43 times
κούρην, κούρης, κούρη, κούρῃ, κοῦραι, κούρας, κούρῃσιν
accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
κούρης refers to Briseis without naming her, the same quarrel recounted at length in Book 1.
κόρος
young men; a boy; the young men 14 times
κοῦροι, κόρος, κοῦρον, κούροισιν, κούρων, κούρῳ
nominative plural masculine noun; vocative plural masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
The dative noun is the young prince whom Hermes resembles.
κόρυς
helmet; helmets; the helmet 44 times
κόρυθος, κόρυς, κόρυθα, κόρυθες, κόρυθ, κόρυθι, κορύθεσσι, κόρυθός and 4 more
genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
κόσμος
order; due order; ornament 11 times
κόσμον, κόσμός, κόσμῳ
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
κότος
the grudge; anger; in anger 5 times
κότον, κότῳ
accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
κότος is a colder, longer-lasting resentment than the χόλος ("anger") of the line before — Calchas distinguishes the flash of temper a king swallows today from the grudge he nurses afterward.
Κόων
Coon 3 times
Κόων, Κόωνι
nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
κοίρανος
marshal; commanders; ruler 7 times
κοίρανε, κοίρανοι, κοίρανος
vocative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
This line formally closes the roll-call of contingents; the Catalogue now turns from ships and captains to naming the single best man and best horses among them.
Κοίρανος
Koiranus 3 times
Κοίρανον, Κοίρανος
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
κοῖλος
hollow 27 times
κοίλας, κοίλῃς, κοίλην, κοίλης, κοίλῃσιν, κοῖλον
accusative plural feminine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective
κοιμάω
lay down to sleep; slept; he had slept 14 times
κοιμήσαντο, κοιμῶντο, κοιμᾶθ, κοιμήσαντ, κοιμήσασθε, κοιμήσωνται, κοιμήσατο, κοιμήσας and 3 more
aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb
κοιρανέω
commanding; rule; ruling 6 times
κοιρανέων, κοιρανέοντα, κοιρανέουσιν
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, accusative singular masculine; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb
κολεόν
sheath; the sheath; its sheath 8 times
κουλεὸν, κολεοῖο, κολεῷ, κουλεόν
accusative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun
κολλητός
well-jointed; fitted 6 times
κολλητοῖσιν, κολλητὸν, κολλητοῖσι, κολλητὰς
dative plural neuter adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
κολώνη
mound; hill 3 times
κολώνη
κομάω
long-haired; wearing long hair; wearing long 29 times
κομόωντες, κομόωντας, κομόωντε
present active participle, nominative plural masculine; present active participle, accusative plural masculine; present active participle, accusative dual masculine
κομίζω
carried off; received it; took me up 15 times
κόμισαν, ἐκόμισσε, κομίσαντο, κόμισσε, κόμισαί, κόμιζε, κομίσσατο, κόμισσα and 4 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb
κοναβέω
rang; clanged 4 times
κονάβησαν, κονάβησε
aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb
κοναβίζω
rang 3 times
κονάβιζε, κονάβιζεν
κονία
the dust; dust; in the dust 56 times
κονίῃσι, κονίῃσιν, κονίης, κονίην, κονίη, κονίῃ, κονίῃς
dative plural feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
κονίσαλος
dust cloud; cloud of dust 3 times
κονίσαλος, κονισάλῳ
nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
κονίω
caked in dust; will cover with dust; fouled with dust 6 times
κονίοντες, κονίσουσιν, ἐκόνισε, κεκονιμένοι, κεκόνιτο
present active participle, nominative plural masculine; future active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb
The pluperfect presents the head as already reduced to a settled state of defilement.
κορέννυμι
glut; had wearied; he is sated 11 times
κορέει, ἐκορέσσατο, κορέσασθαι, κορέεις, κορέσειεν, κεκόρησθε, κορεσσάμενος, κορεσσάμεθα and 1 more
future active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle infinitive
The middle voice conveys satisfying ourselves; the dual participles identify Priam and Hecuba as the two mourners.
κορύσσω
helmed; tipped; armed himself 23 times
κεκορυθμένος, κορύσσετο, κεκορυθμένα, κορύσσεται, κορύσσων, κορυσσέσθην, κορύσσεαι, κεκορυθμένοι and 4 more
perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect medio-passive participle, accusative plural neuter
Literally ‘helmeted with bronze,’ transferred metaphorically to bronze-tipped spears.
κορυθαίολος
of the flashing helm; flashing-helmed; with flashing helm 39 times
κορυθαίολος
A traditional epithet of Hector, referring to the gleaming or tossing plume of his helmet.
κορυστής
helmed warrior; helmeted 4 times
κορυστὴν, κορυστὰ
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative dual masculine noun
κορυφή
peak; peaks; over the peaks 23 times
κορυφῇσι, κορυφῆς, κορυφῇ, κορυφῇς, κορυφῇσιν, κορυφήν, κορυφὰς, κορυφάς and 1 more
dative plural feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun
κορωνίς
curved; beaked 15 times
κορωνίσιν, κορωνίσι
dative plural feminine adjective; dative plural feminine noun
κορωνίσιν, "curved, beaked," describes the upward-curling stern and prow characteristic of the ships throughout the poem.
κοσμέω
marshaled; were marshaled; at marshaling 10 times
κοσμηθέντες, κοσμῆσαι, κόσμησε, κόσμησεν, κοσμησάμενος, κόσμηθεν, ἐκόσμεον, ἐκόσμει
aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive
κοσμήτωρ
marshals 3 times
κοσμήτορε
κοσμήτορε λαῶν, "marshals of the people," is a formulaic Homeric title for commanding kings, applied here to Agamemnon and Menelaus together.
κοτέω
growing angry; she is angered; being angry 15 times
κοτέων, κοτεσσάμενος, κοτέσσεται, κοτεσσαμένη, κοτέοντος, κοτέοντο, κοτέοντε, κοτέουσιν and 3 more
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd singular verb
κοτύλη
socket; a cup 3 times
κοτύλην
κοῦρος
young men; sons; young 13 times
κοῦροι, κούρους, κοῦρος, κούρων
nominative plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; vocative plural masculine noun
genitive absolute with “dragging”: while young men drag the bull.
Κουρῆτες
the Curetes; for the Curetes 5 times
Κουρῆτες, Κουρῆτές, Κουρήτων, Κουρήτεσσι
nominative plural masculine noun; genitive plural feminine noun; dative plural masculine noun
κουρίδιος
wedded 7 times
κουριδίην, κουριδίης, κουρίδιον
accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
κράς
head; his head; heads 19 times
κρατὶ, κρατὸς, κρατός, κρασὶν, κράατος, κρῆθεν, κράατα
genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun
κράτιστος
strongest; mightiest; fiercest 10 times
κάρτιστος, κάρτιστοι, κάρτιστον, καρτίστοις, καρτίστην, κάρτιστός
nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
κράτος
power; strength; victory 24 times
κράτος, κράτεΐ, κράτεσφι, κράτεϊ
accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun
κραδάω
brandishing 3 times
κραδάων
κραδαίνω
shaking; quivering 3 times
κραδαινομένη, κραδαινόμενον
present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular neuter
κραίνω
grant; fulfilled; to carry out 5 times
κρήηνον, ἐκραίαινεν, κρηῆναι, κρανέεσθαι
aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive
κραιπνός
swift; swiftly; with swift strides 15 times
κραιπνοῖσι, κραιπνῶς, κραιπνὰ, κραιπνότερος
dative plural masculine adjective; adverb; accusative plural neuter adjective
κραταιός
mighty 11 times
κραταιή, κραταιὴ, κραταιοῦ, κραταιὼ
nominative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative dual masculine adjective
κρατέω
hold sway; rules over; to rule over 7 times
κρατέει, κρατέειν, κρατέων, κρατέεις
present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive; present active participle, nominative singular masculine
κρατερός
mighty; strong; stern 133 times
κρατερὸς, κρατερὸν, κρατερῇ, κρατερὴν, κρατερῶς, κρατερόν, κρατερὰς, κρατερῷ and 12 more
nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective
κρατερῶνυξ
strong-hoofed 4 times
κρατερώνυχας
κρατευταί
from the spit-racks once
κρατευτάων
A rare culinary noun for the supports holding the roasting spits.
κρατήρ
mixing bowl; mixing bowls; a mixing bowl 14 times
κρητῆρος, κρητῆρα, κρητῆρας, κρητῆρι, κρητῆρ
accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun
κρατύνω
strengthened 3 times
ἐκαρτύναντο
κρέας
meat; of meat; flesh 11 times
κρέα, κρειῶν, κρέασίν
accusative plural neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun
κρείσσων
stronger; mightier; your betters 11 times
κρείσσων, κρείσσοσιν
nominative singular masculine comparative adjective; nominative singular feminine comparative adjective; dative plural masculine comparative adjective
κρείων
lord; the lord; ruling lord 56 times
κρείων, κρειόντων, κρείοντα, κρείουσα, κρείοντ
nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun
κρειόντων is genitive plural modifying sons: a lineage of ruling sons.
κρεμάννυμι
will hang; hanging down; I hung you 4 times
ἐκρέμω, κρεμόω, κρεμάσαντες
imperfect medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active participle, vocative plural masculine
κρήδεμνον
with a veil; veil; the veil 3 times
κρηδέμνῳ, κρήδεμνα, κρήδεμνόν
dative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun
κρήνη
spring; a spring; springs 7 times
κρήνην, κρήνη, κρήνης, κρῆναι
accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
Κρής
of the Cretans; of Cretans; the Cretans 12 times
Κρητῶν, Κρήτεσσι
genitive plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun
Κρήτη
Crete; of Cretans; for Crete 4 times
Κρήτῃ, Κρήτην, Κρητῶν
dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; genitive plural feminine noun
κρημνός
the bank; banks; the banks 6 times
κρημνοῖο, κρημνοὶ, κρημνούς, κρημνοῦ, κρημνὸν
genitive singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun
κρίνω
having chosen; chosen; judge 16 times
κρινάμενος, κρίνας, ἔκρινεν, κρῖν, κρινώμεθ, κρίνοντες, ἐκρίνατ, κρίνῃ and 5 more
aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb
κρῖ
barley 3 times
κρῖ
Κρόνος
Cronos; of Cronos; Cronos's 23 times
Κρόνου, Κρόνοιο, Κρόνον, Κρόνος
genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
κρόταφος
temples; temple; his temples 8 times
κροτάφοισι, κροτάφοις, κροτάφοιο, κρόταφον
dative plural masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
κροκόπεπλος
saffron-robed 4 times
κροκόπεπλος
Κρονίδης
son of Cronos; son of Cronus 37 times
Κρονίδης, Κρονίδη, Κρονίδην, Κρονίδῃ
nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
Patronymic epithet for Zeus: 'son of Cronos.'
Κρονίων
son of Cronos; the son of Cronos; Cronion 49 times
Κρονίων, Κρονίωνι, Κρονίωνα, Κρονίωνος, Κρονίονος
nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
This patronymic names Zeus as the son of Cronos.
κρουνός
springs; two springs; the springs 3 times
κρουνῶν, κρουνὼ, κρουνοὺς
genitive plural masculine noun; accusative dual masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun
κρύπτω
hid; would hide; having hidden 5 times
κρύπτασκε, κρύφθη, κρύψαντες, κρύψαι, κρύπτων
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine
κτέαρ
possessions 5 times
κτεάτεσσι, κτεάτεσσιν
κτείνω
killed; to kill; slain 91 times
κταμένοιο, κτεῖναι, ἔκτανε, κτείνειν, κτείνας, κτάνε, κτείνων, ἔκτανεν and 38 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; future active indicative, 3rd singular verb
Middle-passive form is contextually passive: the men being killed by Achilles.
κτερίζω
bury; I will bury; will bury 4 times
κτεριοῦσί, κτεριῶ, κτεριοῦσιν, κτερίσαιεν
future active indicative, 3rd plural verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb
κτῆμα
possessions; for the possessions; the possessions 18 times
κτήματα, κτήμαθ, κτήμασι, κτήματ
accusative plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun
κτῆσις
possessions; wealth; property 6 times
κτῆσιν, κτήσιος
accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
κτίλος
a bellwether; a ram twice
κτίλος, κτίλον
nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
The κτίλος is the leading ram of a flock; Priam’s simile pictures Odysseus moving authoritatively through the ranks.
κτύπος
din; the hoofbeat; the beat 7 times
κτύπος, κτύπον
nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
κτυπέω
thundered; thundering; crashes 7 times
ἔκτυπε, κτυπέων, κτύπε, κτυπέει, κτυπέουσαι
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb
κύδιστος
most glorious 17 times
κύδιστε, κυδίστη
vocative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine superlative adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective
κύκλος
wheels; circles; the rim 7 times
κύκλα, κύκλοι, κύκλον, κύκλῳ, κύκλους, κύκλου
accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
κύμινδις
Cymindis once
κύμινδιν
The bird receives one name from the gods and another from mortals, a traditional epic naming contrast.
κύπελλον
cup; cups; with cups 5 times
κύπελλον, κύπελλα, κυπέλλοις
accusative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun
κύπελλον is accusative singular.
Κύπρις
Cypris 5 times
Κύπριδα, Κύπριν, Κύπρις, Κύπρίς
accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
κύπτω
as he stooped 3 times
κύψας, κύψαντι
aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active participle, dative singular masculine
κύρμα
prey 3 times
κύρμα
accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun
κύων
dogs; dog; the dogs 75 times
κύνες, κύνας, κύον, κυνῶν, κυσὶ, κυσὶν, κύνεσσιν, κυνὸς and 5 more
nominative plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun
κῦδος
glory 69 times
κῦδος, κύδεϊ
accusative singular neuter noun; vocative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun
κῦμα
the wave; a wave; waves 40 times
κῦμα, κύματα, κύματ, κῦμ, κύμασι, κύματι, κύματά
nominative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun
Opens an extended epic simile comparing the Argives’ shout to a storm-driven sea, running through l397.
κυάνεος
dark; dark-blue; dark blue 13 times
κυανέῃσιν, κυάνεον, κυάνεαι, κυανέῃ, κυάνεοι, κυάνεος, κυανέην, κυανέη
dative plural feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
κυανόπρῳρος
dark-prowed 3 times
κυανοπρῴροιο
κυανοχαίτης
dark-haired; dark-maned 6 times
κυανοχαῖτα, κυανοχαίτης, κυανοχαίτῃ
nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine adjective
κυβιστάω
dives; were tumbling 3 times
κυβιστᾷ, κυβίστων
present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb
κυδάλιμος
glorious; noble; renowned 17 times
κυδαλίμοιο, κυδάλιμον, κυδαλίμοισι, κυδαλίμω
genitive singular masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective
κυδαίνω
honored; honoring; to honor 6 times
κυδαίνων, κύδαινε, κύδαινόν, κύδηνεν
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb
κυδιάνειρα
bringing men glory; man-glorifying; that glorifies men 9 times
κυδιάνειραν, κυδιανείρῃ
dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine adjective
κυδιάω
exulting; glorying 4 times
κυδιόων, κυδιόωντες
present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative plural masculine
κυδοιμός
Battle-Din; tumult; din 7 times
κυδοιμὸν, Κυδοιμὸν, κυδοιμὸς, κυδοιμοῦ, κυδοιμόν, Κυδοιμὸς
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun
κυκάω
as one stirs; were thrown confused; mixed 8 times
κυκήθησαν, κυκώμενος, κυκόωντι, κυκηθήτην, κύκησε, κυκώμενον
aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, dative singular masculine
κυλίνδω
rolling; rolls; rolled 13 times
κυλινδόμενος, κυλίνδεται, κυλίνδεσθαι, κυλινδομένην, ἐκυλίνδετο, κυλινδομένη, κυλίσθη, κυλίνδει
present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive infinitive
Κυλλοποδίων
Crook-foot; crooked-footed; crooked-footed god 3 times
κυλλοποδίων, κυλλοπόδιον
nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun
κυνέη
helmet; the helmet; from the helmet 20 times
κυνέην, κυνέῃ, κυνέης
accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
κυνέω
he kissed; kissed 3 times
κύσε, ἔκυσσε
κυνώπης
dog-face; of shameless me; dog-faced 3 times
κυνώπιδος, κυνῶπα
genitive singular feminine noun; vocative singular masculine noun
κυνῶπα, "dog-face," is one of the harshest insults in Homer, associating Agamemnon with the shamelessness and impudence the Greeks attributed to dogs.
κυρέω
coming upon; striking; aimed 4 times
κύρσας, κῦρε, κύρεται
aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb
κυρτός
arched; hunched 3 times
κυρτὼ, κυρτὸν, κυρτὰ
nominative dual masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective
Κῶς
Cos 3 times
Κόων, Κῶν
κωκύω
wailed; wailing; shrieked 6 times
κώκυσέν, κώκυσεν, κωκύσασα, ἐκώκυε
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb
κωπήεις
hilted; fitted with hilts 3 times
κωπήεντι, κωπήεντα
dative singular neuter adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective
κωφός
dull; silent; unheeding 3 times
κωφὸν, κωφῷ, κωφὴν
nominative singular neuter adjective; dative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective
Seen once or twice
κάγκανος
dry once
Κάειρα
Carian once
κάλυμμα
a veil once
κάλυξ
cups once
κάμαξ
stakes once
Κάμειρος
Cameirus once
κάπη
mangers once
Κάπυς
Capys once
Κάρ
the Carians twice
κάρ
splinter's once
Κάρησος
Caresus once
Κάρπαθος
Carpathus once
Κάρυστος
Carystus once
Κάσος
Casus once
Κάστωρ
Castor once
κάταντα
downhill once
κάτω
downward once
Καβησόθεν
from Cabesus once
καθάλλομαι
plunging down once
καθαιρέω
close once
καθέζετο
sat down once
καθέζω
sat once
καθέννυμι
covered once
καθεύδω
slept once
καθίημι
you cast; sent down twice
καθίστημι
set down once
Καινείδης
son of Caeneus once
Καινεύς
Caeneus once
κακίζω
playing the coward once
κακότεχνος
evil-working once
κακομήχανος
evil-scheming twice
κακορραφία
evil plotting once
κακοφραδής
wrong-headed once
καλάμη
stalks once
καλαῦροψ
throwing staff once
καλήσιος
Calesius once
Καλήτωρ
Caletor once
Καλητορίδης
son of Caletor once
Καλλίαρος
Calliarus once
καλλίζωνος
fair-girdled twice
καλλίκομος
lovely-haired once
καλλίρροος
fair-flowing twice
καλλίρρους
fair-flowing once
Καλλιάνασσα
callianassa once
Καλλιάνειρα
callianeira once
καλλιγύναικα
fair-womaned once
καλλιγύναικος
of fair women once
καλλιγύναιξ
land of fair women; of fair women twice
Καλλικολώνη
Callicolone twice
Καλύδναι
Calydnae once
καλύπτρα
veil once
καμμονίη
endurance twice
καναχίζω
clattered once
Καπανηιάδης
son of Capaneus once
καπνίζω
lit fires once
καπύω
she breathed out once
Καρδαμύλη
Cardamyle twice
καρκαίρω
rattled once
καρφαλέος
dryly once
καρχαλέος
parched once
καρχαρόδους
sharp-toothed once
καρχαρόδων
sharp-toothed once
Κασσάνδρη
Cassandra twice
Καστιάνειρα
Castianeira once
κατάγνυμι
I shattered once
κατάπαυμα
respite once
καταδάπτω
to devour once
καταδεύω
you soaked once
καταδημοβορέω
for common use once
καταθάπτω
to bury twice
καταθύμιος
a concern twice
κατακαίριος
fatal once
κατακλάω
snapped; they broke twice
κατακοσμέω
he fitted once
κατακρύπτω
to conceal once
κατακύπτω
stooped forward twice
καταλείβω
dripping down once
καταλήθομαι
they forget once
καταλύω
thrown down; threw down twice
καταμάω
scraped up once
καταμύσσω
scratched once
καταπέσσω
swallows down once
καταπέτομαι
crouched once
καταπλήσσω
was struck with terror once
καταπτήσσω
crouching down once
καταπύθω
rot once
καταράομαι
kept cursing once
καταρρέω
flowing down twice
κατασβέννυμι
quenched once
κατασεύομαι
rushed down once
καταστορέννυμι
laid a course once
καταστυγέω
shuddered once
κατασχεθεῖν
held back once
κατατρύχω
wear down once
καταφέρω
will carry down once
καταφθίω
being dead once
καταφλέγω
I shall burn up once
καταφυλαδόν
by tribe once
καταχθόνιος
underworld once
κατεναντίον
face to face once
κατερητύω
sought to restrain once
κατευνάω
might lull; nor lull twice
κατεφάλλομαι
leaping down once
κατηπιάω
grew mild once
κατηρεφής
roofed once
κατηφέω
downcast once
κατηφών
shame-faced once
κατίσχω
keep; holds them in twice
κατόπισθεν
from behind; behind twice
κατωμάδιος
from the shoulder once
κατωμαδόν
across the shoulders; from his shoulder twice
Καύκωνες
Cauconians twice
καύστειρα
burning twice
Καύστριος
of the Cayster once
καῦμα
heat once
κέδρινος
built of cedar once
κέλαδος
din twice
Κένταυρος
of the Centaurs once
κέντρον
goad; with the goad twice
κέντωρ
goaders twice
κέραμος
jar; jars twice
Κεάδης
Ceas once
κει~νος
empty once
κείω
to lie down once
κεῖσε
there twice
κεκαφηώς
gasping once
κεκρύφαλος
netted cap once
κελάδω
murmuring; sounding twice
Κελάδων
Celadon once
κελαρύζω
gurgled; murmurs twice
κελευτιάω
shouting commands; exhorting twice
κελητίζω
to ride galloping horses once
κεμάς
fawn once
κενεαυχής
empty boasters once
κεντέω
prick them once
κεντρηνεκής
goad-responsive twice
κεράννυμι
mix once
κεραίω
mix the wine once
κεραμεύς
potter once
κεραοξόος
horn-worker once
κερδαλέος
shrewd once
κερδαλεόφρων
crafty for gain; greedy-minded man twice
κερδοσύνη
with cunning once
κερκίς
the shuttle once
κερτομέω
mocking twice
κερτομία
taunts twice
κεστός
embroidered once
κεῦθος
the hidden places once
κευθάνω
would have hidden once
κευθμός
hiding-places once
Κεφαλλήν
Cephallenians; of the Cephallenians twice
κήδεος
concern once
κήδιστος
closest once
Κήρ
Fate once
Κήρινθος
Cerinthus once
κῆπος
garden; gardens twice
κῆτος
sea-creatures; sea-monster twice
κηδεμών
mourners; kinsmen twice
κηρεσσιφόρητος
borne by doom once
κηρόθι
in your heart; at heart twice
κητώεις
cleft with ravines once
Κηφισίς
Cephisian once
Κηφισός
Cephisus; of Cephisus twice
κηώδης
fragrant once
κίθαρις
your lyre; lyre twice
Κίκονες
Cicones twice
Κίλιξ
Cilician; of the Cilicians twice
Κίλλα
Cilla twice
κίρκος
hawk; a hawk twice
κιθαρίζω
was playing once
κιθαριστύς
the lyre once
Κινύρης
Cinyras once
κινυρός
lowing once
Κισσεύς
Cisseus once
Κισσηΐς
daughter of Cisseus once
κλάω
broke once
κλαγγηδόν
with clamor once
κλαυθμός
lamentation once
κλέπτης
for a thief once
κλέω
you were famed once
Κλεῖτος
Clitus once
Κλεόβουλος
Cleobulus once
Κλεοπάτρη
Cleopatra once
Κλεωναί
Cleonae once
κλήδην
by name once
κλητός
chosen men once
κλιτύς
slopes once
Κλονίος
Clonius twice
κλοτοπεύω
deal in evasions once
κλύζω
broke loose; washed over twice
Κλυμένη
Clymene twice
Κλυταιμνήστρη
Clytemnestra once
Κλυτίδης
son of Clytius once
Κλυτομήδης
Clytomedes once
κλωμακόεις
rugged once
κνάω
grated once
κνῆστις
grater once
Κνωσός
Knossos twice
κόλος
stunted once
κόμπος
ring; the clatter twice
κόνιος
dust once
Κόρινθος
Corinth twice
κόρση
temple twice
κόρσης
temple once
κόρυμβος
stern-posts once
Κόρωνος
Coronus once
κολλήεις
well-jointed once
κολοιός
jackdaws twice
κολοσυρτός
the tumult; for the onrush twice
κολούω
cuts short once
κολῳάω
kept railing on once
κολῳός
uproar once
κομέω
tend; tended twice
κομιδή
care twice
κομπέω
clattered once
κονέω
raising dust once
Κοπρεύς
of Copreus once
κορθύνω
heaves into a crest once
κορύνη
mace twice
κορυθάιξ
helmet-shaking once
κορυνήτης
mace-bearer; Mace-man twice
κορυστός
warriors once
κορυφόω
crests once
Κορώνεια
Coronea once
κορώνη
tip once
κοτήεις
angry once
κοτυλήρυτος
cup-deep once
κούρητες
young men; young warriors twice
κοῦφος
lightly once
κουρά
for his daughters once
κουρότερος
among younger men once
κράνεια
cornel once
κραδίας
heart once
κραναός
rugged; Cranae twice
κρανίον
skull once
κραταιγύαλος
strong-plated once
κρατερόφρων
strong-hearted twice
κρατύς
mighty twice
Κρείων
Creon's once
κρεῖον
chopping block once
Κρειοντιάδης
son of Creon once
κρήγυος
good once
Κρήθων
Crethon twice
Κρήτηθεν
from Crete once
κρίζω
creaked once
κρίκος
the ring once
Κρῖσα
Crisa once
κριθή
barley once
κριτός
picked once
κρόκος
crocus once
κρόμυον
onion once
κρόσσαι
tower-copings; battlements twice
κροαίνω
exulting twice
Κροῖσμος
Croesmus once
Κροκύλεια
Crocylea once
κροταλίζω
rattled once
κροτέω
rattling once
κρύβδα
secretly once
κρύσταλλος
ice once
κρυερός
chill; chilling twice
κρυόεις
chilling twice
κρυπτάδιος
in secret; secret twice
κρυπτός
hidden once
Κρῶμνα
Cromna once
κτάομαι
slain; acquired twice
Κτέατος
of Cteatus; Cteatus twice
κτέομαι
to have possessed once
κτέρας
possession twice
κτέρεα
funeral gifts once
κτεατίζω
won as spoil once
κτερείζω
honor with rites; hold his funeral twice
κτητός
acquirable once
κτίδεος
ferret-skin twice
κτίζω
founded once
κύαμος
beans once
κύανος
dark-blue inlay twice
Κύθηρα
Cythera once
κύκνος
swans twice
κύμβαχος
headfirst; helmet's crown twice
κύνεος
doglike once
κύντερος
more shameless; boldest twice
κύπειρον
galingale once
Κύπρος
Cyprus once
κύστις
bladder twice
Κύτωρος
Cytorus once
Κύφος
Cyphus once
Κῦνος
Cynus once
κυανόπεζα
dark-footed once
κυβερνήτης
pilots; helmsman twice
κυβιστητήρ
divers; tumblers twice
κυδάνω
he glorifies; gloried twice
κυδοιμέω
wrought havoc; throw into turmoil twice
κυδρός
glorious once
κυέω
was pregnant; carrying twice
Κυθήριος
of Cythera; from Cythera twice
Κυθήροθεν
from Cythera once
κυκεών
barley drink twice
κυκλέω
gather once
κυκλόσε
in a circle twice
κυκλοτερής
into a full circle once
Κυλλήνη
Cyllene twice
κυμαίνω
surging once
Κυμοδόκη
Cymodoce once
κυμοθόη
Cymothoe once
κυνάμυια
dog-fly twice
κυπάρισσος
Cyparissus once
Κυπαρισσήεις
Cyparisseis once
κώδεια
to a poppy-head once
κώληψ
hollow behind knee once
κώπη
hilt once
Κώπη
Copae once
κῶας
fleeces once
κῶμα
slumber once
κωκυτός
with wailing; shrieking twice
The particulars
- The words
- Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
- Translation
- Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Data
- JSON · A guide for agents