Words of the Iliad 1732 Studios

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Words of the Iliad · 188 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

λάβρος

furious; violent 4 times

λάβρος, λάβρον, λαβρότατον

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter superlative adjective

λάζομαι

took; took up; bite 13 times

λάζετο, λαζοίατο, ἐλάζετο, λέλασται, λελάσμεθα, λελασμένον

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive optative, 3rd plural verb; perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

λάινος

stone; stone-built 3 times

λάϊνον, λάϊνος

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

λάμπω

flashed; blazing; shone 21 times

ἔλαμπε, λάμπετο, λάμφ, λαμπομενάων, λαμπέσθην, λαμπόμενος, λάμπ, λάμπε and 5 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, genitive plural feminine

λάσιος

shaggy; stout 4 times

λάσιον, λασίοισι, λάσιος

nominative singular neuter adjective; dative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

λασίοισι, "shaggy," is a startlingly physical epic detail for the seat of Achilles' emotion — the poem locates his deliberation in a body, not an abstraction.

λάσκω

cracked; rang; shrieking 4 times

λάκε, λεληκὼς

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine

The perfect participle portrays the hawk in a sustained state of shrill crying.

λᾶας

stone; stones; with stones 13 times

λᾶαν, λάων, λάεσσί, λᾶας, λᾶος, λᾶϊ, λᾶε, λάεσσι

accusative singular masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun

λαγχάνω

received; may grant a share; we received 21 times

λελάχωσι, λάχομεν, ἔλαχον, ἔλαχε, λάχ, λάχῃσιν, λαχεῖν, ἔλαχόν and 7 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb

The verb means allot or grant someone their due portion, here Hector's funeral fire.

λαιψηρός

swift; nimble; swiftly 10 times

λαιψηρὰ, λαιψηρά, λαιψηρὸν, λαιψηροῖς

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; dative plural neuter adjective

Λακεδαίμων

Lacedaemon; in Lacedaemon; from Lacedaemon 5 times

Λακεδαίμονος, Λακεδαίμονι, Λακεδαίμονα

genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

λαμβάνω

seized; grasping; take 86 times

λαβὼν, λάβε, ἔλλαβε, λάβεν, λαβοῦσα, λαβών, λάβ, λαβὲ and 14 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb

The verb is second-person dual, directly addressing Odysseus and Diomedes together.

λαμπρός

bright; brightly; brightest 11 times

λαμπρὸν, λαμπροῖσι, λαμπρόν, λαμπρῇσιν, λαμπρότατος

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; dative plural masculine adjective

λανθάνω

escaped notice of; forgot; escaped notice 59 times

λήθω, ἔλαθ, λήθετ, λάθεν, λαθὼν, λάθοντο, λελασμένος, λάθωμαι and 27 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

The verb takes the person who fails to notice in the accusative: the cry did not escape Nestor.

λαός

of the people; host; the people 230 times

λαῶν, λαὸν, λαοὶ, λαὸς, λαός, λαοί, λαόν, λαούς and 7 more

genitive plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

Coordinated with Πρίαμος and Ἴλιος as a further subject of ἀπήχθετο.

Λαομέδων

Laomedon; from Laomedon; of Laomedon 10 times

Λαομέδοντος, Λαομέδοντι, Λαομέδων, Λαομέδοντα

genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

λαχνήεις

shaggy 4 times

λαχνήεντας, λαχνήεντι, λαχνήεντα, λαχνήεντ

accusative plural masculine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

λέβης

cauldrons; cauldron; a cauldron 10 times

λέβητας, λέβης, λέβητάς, λέβητα, λέβητος, λέβηθ, λέβητ

accusative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

λέγω

gather; gathered; lie down 24 times

λεγώμεθα, λέξασθαι, λέγοντο, λέγ, ἐλέχθην, λέξεται, λέγεσθε, λεξάσθων and 12 more

present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb; aorist middle infinitive; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

The middle imperative means to lie down or station oneself, here of guards taking their posts.

Λέλεγες

Leleges; the Leleges 3 times

Λέλεγες, Λέλεγας, Λελέγεσσι

nominative plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun

λέχος

bed; bier; a bier 25 times

λέχος, λεχέεσσι, λεχέων, λέχεσσι, λεχέεσσιν, λέχεα, λεχέεσσ, λέχε

dative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun

Epic plural used with singular force for the bier or funeral bed.

λέων

a lion; lions; lion 45 times

λέων, λέοντος, λέοντα, λέοντε, λείουσιν, λέονθ, λέοντι, λέοντ and 2 more

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

λείβω

poured; shedding; to pour 10 times

λεῖβε, λεῖβον, λείβων, λείβειν, λεῖψαι, λείψαντε

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

The aorist participle describes what they are to do before departing.

λείπω

left; leave; leaving 103 times

λίπε, λίπεν, λίπον, λιπὼν, λεῖπε, λίπετ, λίπ, λέλειπται and 40 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

This scepter-oath (l234–239) is one of the Iliad's set-piece images: a branch cut from a living tree, worked in bronze, that will never sprout leaves again — a dead thing made permanent, unlike the living, changeable world of men.

λεῖος

smooth; level 4 times

λείη, λεῖα, λεῖος, λείῳ

nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

λελίημαι

eager; eager for battle 4 times

λελιημένος, λελιημένοι

perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine

Λεοντεύς

Leonteus 5 times

Λεοντεὺς, Λεοντῆα, Λεοντῆος

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

λεπτός

fine; thinnest; thin 10 times

λεπτὴ, λεπτῇ, λεπτὸν, λεπτὰς, λεπτότατος, λεπτοτάτη, λέπτ, λεπτά

nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

Neuter plural predicate adjective; the understood barley grains become fine.

λεύσσω

see; I see; he looks 7 times

λεύσσων, λεύσσω, λεύσσετε, λεύσσει, λεύσσουσι

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 1st singular verb; present active indicative, 2nd plural verb

λευγαλέος

wretched; grievous; woeful 6 times

λευγαλέῃσι, λευγαλέοιο, λευγαλέως, λευγαλέῃ, λευγαλέοις, λευγαλέῳ

dative plural feminine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; adverb

λευκός

white; whiter; bright 32 times

λευκὸν, λευκὰ, λευκῷ, λευκοὶ, λεύκ, λευκά, λευκήν, λευκόν and 5 more

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

λευκώλενος

white-armed 28 times

λευκώλενος, λευκωλένῳ, λευκώλενον

nominative singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

λευκώλενος, "white-armed," is Hera's standing epithet throughout Homer, as fixed to her name as "far-shooting" is to Apollo's.

λήγω

ceased; cease; I will cease 15 times

λῆγ, λήξω, λῆγε, ἔληγε, λήγοντα, λῆξαν, λήξειεν, ληγέμεναι and 1 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb

The negation ("did not") that makes this "did not let go" belongs to the same gapped word noted at the end of line 318 — λῆγ' itself is a plain positive form.

Λῆμνος

Lemnos; of Lemnos 11 times

Λῆμνον, Λήμνῳ, Λήμνοιο, Λήμνου

accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

Λητώ

Leto; of Leto 12 times

Λητώ, Λητοῦς, Λητοῖ, Λητὼ

nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

λίθος

stone; stones; the stone 15 times

λίθος, λίθοιο, λίθον, λίθῳ, λίθοι, λίθοισι, λίθοις, λίθου and 1 more

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

λίμνη

sea; lake; Lake 8 times

λίμνης, λίμνη, λίμνῃ, λίμνην

genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

λίς

lion; linen cloth; a lion 8 times

λὶς, λιτὶ, λῖτα, λίς, λῖν

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

λίσσομαι

entreating; begged; imploring 46 times

λισσομένη, λισσόμενος, λίσσοντο, λισσόμενοι, λίσσεσθαι, λίσσετο, λίσσομαι, λίσσομ and 17 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

λιάζομαι

withdrawing; withdrawn; swerved 11 times

λιασθεὶς, λιασθείς, λιάσθη, ἐλιάσθη, λιαζόμενον, λιάσθης, λίασθεν, λιάζετο

aorist medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine

λιαρός

warm 5 times

λιαρῷ, λιαρὸν, λιαρόν

dative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

λιγύς

clear-toned; shrill; clear-voiced 11 times

λιγέων, λιγύς, λιγέως, λιγείῃ, λιγὺς, λιγὺν

nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; adverb

λιγύφθογγος

clear-voiced 4 times

λιγυφθόγγοισι

λιγύφθογγος, "clear/piercing-voiced," fits the herald’s job of being heard across a large, noisy camp.

λιλαίομαι

longing for; longing; do you desire 9 times

λιλαίεαι, λιλαιόμενα, λιλαιόμενοι, λιλαίομαι, λιλαίεσθαι, λιλαίετο, λιλαιομένη

present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative plural neuter; present participle, nominative plural masculine

λιπάω

leaving behind; we leave; to leave 3 times

λιποῦσα, λίποιμεν, λιπεῖν

present active participle, nominative singular feminine; present active optative, 1st plural verb; present active infinitive

λιπαρός

glistening; prosperous; gleaming 8 times

λιπαροῖσιν, λιπαρὰς, λιπαροὺς, λιπαρὴν

dative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective

λιτανεύω

entreated; begged; we will beseech 4 times

λιτάνευε, ἐλλιτάνευε, λιτάνευεν, λιτανεύσομεν

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb

λιτανεύσομεν is first-person plural future, not past tense.

λιτή

Prayers once

λιταί

The Prayers are personified here as divine daughters who follow Delusion.

λόφος

plume; the crest; crest 12 times

λόφον, λόφος, λόφων

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun

λόχος

ambush; for ambush; in ambush 9 times

λόχον, λόχος, λόχου, λόχῳ

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

Night ambush duty (λόχος) was considered the most dangerous and prestigious combat assignment in the Homeric army; Achilles accuses Agamemnon of always avoiding it.

λοίγιος

ruinous; ruin; trouble 4 times

λοίγια, λοίγι

nominative plural neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

λοίγια ἔργα, "ruinous doings," is Hephaestus's opening alarm — he frames the divine quarrel in the same grave terms used elsewhere in the poem for wars and plagues.

λούω

having bathed; bathed; to bathe 16 times

λοῦσεν, λούεσθαι, λελουμένος, λούσαντο, λοεσσαμένω, λούσῃ, λοῦσον, λούσειαν and 6 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

The participle is dual, referring jointly to Odysseus and Diomedes.

λουτρόν

bathwater; baths; from baths 5 times

λοετρὰ, λοετρῶν

accusative plural neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

Λύκιοι

Lycians; of the Lycians; a Lycian 44 times

Λυκίων, Λύκιοι, Λυκίοισιν, Λυκίους, Λυκίοισι

genitive plural masculine noun; vocative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun

λύκος

wolves; of a wolf 7 times

λύκοι, λύκοιο, λύκων

nominative plural masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun

λύσις

of the release once

λύσιος

λύσιος is genitive dependent on 'postponement.'

λύω

loosed; unyoked; gave way 85 times

λῦσε, λύσω, λύθη, ἔλυσεν, λύσασθαι, λῦσαν, λύντο, λύε and 35 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

The future middle participle λυσόμενος marks that Chryses acts in his own interest — to free his own daughter — rather than performing the act for someone else.

λυγρός

grievous; grim; bitter 30 times

λυγρῷ, λυγρὸν, λυγρὰ, λυγρῆς, λυγρά, λυγρὸς, λυγρῶν, λυγρῇ and 2 more

accusative plural neuter adjective; dative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

λυγρῶν is substantival with the article, 'of sorrows/woes', not an unattached adjective.

Λυκάων

of Lycaon; Lycaon 19 times

Λυκάονος, Λυκάονι, Λυκάων, Λυκάονα

genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

Λυκία

Lycia; of Lycia 19 times

Λυκίης, Λυκίην, Λυκίῃ, Λυκίη

genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

Λυκομήδης

Lycomedes 5 times

Λυκομήδεα, Λυκομήδης, Λυκομήδεος

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

λώβη

outrage; a disgrace; disgrace 7 times

λώβην, λώβη, λώβης

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

λωβάομαι

commit outrage; outrage; you dishonored 3 times

λωβήσαιο, λωβήσασθε

aorist medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb; aorist medio-passive indicative, 2nd plural verb

λωβητήρ

reviler; mocker; wretches 3 times

λωβητῆρα, λωβητὴρ, λωβητῆρες

accusative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; vocative plural masculine noun

λωβητήρ shares a root with λωβάομαι, "outrage," the very word Odysseus used of Agamemnon's own conduct at line 242 — the crowd turns the same charge back on Thersites.

λωίων

easier; better twice

λώϊόν, λώϊον

λώϊόν is a comparative ("more preferable/better"), rendered here as "easier" to fit the sarcastic point: it is easier to bully a comrade than to fight the enemy.

Seen once or twice

Λάας

Laas once

λάμπος

Lampus once

λάπτω

lap up once

Λάρισα

Larisa twice

λάρναξ

chest; a chest twice

λάχνη

stubble; nap twice

λάω

escaped once

λαβραγόρης

loud talker once

λαβρεύομαι

babble twice

λαγῶς

hare twice

Λαέρκης

Laerces; of Laerces twice

λαθικηδής

sorrow-soothing once

λαίνεος

made of stone once

λαῖτμα

gulf once

λαισήιον

bucklers twice

λαμπετάω

blazing once

Λαμπετίδης

Lampus's son once

Λαόγονος

Laogonus twice

Λαόδοκος

Laodocus twice

Λαοδάμας

Laodamas once

Λαοδάμεια

Laodameia twice

Λαοθόη

Laothoe twice

Λαομεδοντιάδης

son of Laomedon twice

λαοφόρος

crowded once

Λαπίθαι

of the Lapiths; the Lapiths twice

λαρός

sweet; savory twice

λαυκανίη

throat twice

λέκτρον

a bed once

λέπαδνον

neck-straps twice

λέπω

stripped once

λεαίνω

smoothing; I shall smooth twice

λειμωνόθεν

from the meadow once

λειριόεις

lily-soft; lily-white twice

λειστός

recoverable by raid once

Λειώκριτος

Leocritus once

Λεκτόν

Lectum once

λεπταλέος

delicate once

Λεσβίς

women of Lesbos twice

Λεσβόθεν

from Lesbos once

λεύκασπις

white-shielded once

Λεῦκος

Leucus once

λεχεποίη

grassy once

λεχεποίης

grassy once

λήθη

forgetfulness once

Λήϊτος

Leitus once

Λήῖτος

Leitus once

Λῆθος

Lethus twice

ληίζομαι

take as spoil once

ληῖτις

mistress of spoils once

ληιάς

captive once

ληιστός

raidable once

λίγα

shrilly once

λίγγω

twanged once

λίθεος

stone once

Λίλαια

Lilaea once

Λίνδος

Lindos once

Λίνος

Linus song once

λίνος

his thread once

λιγαίνω

cried aloud once

λιγέως

shrilly once

λιγύφωνος

clear-voiced once

λικμάω

winnowing once

λικμητήρ

of the winnower once

λικριφίς

sharply sideways once

Λικύμνιος

Licymnius once

Λιμνώρεια

limnorea once

λινοθώρηξ

in a corselet of linen; of the linen corselet twice

λιπαροκρήδεμνος

shining-veiled once

λιπαροπλόκαμος

glossy-haired once

λόγος

with talk once

λοβός

lobes once

λοῖσθος

last once

λοιμός

plague once

λοισθήιος

for last place; last twice

λουτροχόος

bathing once

λοχάω

to lie in ambush once

λύγος

willows once

Λύκαστος

Lycastus once

Λύκτος

Lyctus twice

Λύκων

Lycon twice

Λύσανδρος

Lysander once

λῦμα

the defilement; stains twice

λυκέη

wolf skin once

Λυκηγενής

Lycia-born twice

λυκία

Lycia once

Λυκίηθεν

from Lycia once

Λυκόοργος

Lycurgus twice

Λυκόφρων

Lycophron once

Λυκοφόντης

Lycophontes once

λυσσητήρ

raging once

λυσσώδης

madly raging once

λωβητός

despised once

λωτόεις

lotus-flowering once

λωφάω

will subside once

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.