υ
Words of the Iliad · 179 headwords
Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.
ὕδωρ
water; with water 43 times
ὕδωρ, ὕδατι, ὕδατος, ὕδατός
accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun
ὕλη
forest; timber; the wood 30 times
ὕλην, ὕλη, ὕλης, ὕλῃ
accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
ὕλη is the wood needed for the pyre, not the forest itself here.
Ὕλη
Hyle; hyle 3 times
Ὕλῃ, Ὕλην
dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
ὕπαιθα
from beneath; beneath him 6 times
ὕπαιθα
adverb; preposition
ὕπατος
highest; on top 8 times
ὕπατον, ὕπατος, ὑπάτῃ, ὕπατε
accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective
ὕπερθεν
above; above it; from above 20 times
ὕπερθε, ὕπερθεν
adverb; preposition
The adverb refers to the chest just placed in the trench.
ὕπνος
sleep; Sleep; of sleep 45 times
ὕπνος, ὕπνου, ὕπνῳ, ὕπνον, Ὕπνος, Ὕπνε, Ὕπνῳ
nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun
νήδυμος ὕπνος, "sweet sleep," is a standing Homeric formula for restful sleep — its denial to Zeus alone marks how unusual this troubled night is.
ὕπτιος
backward; backward, on his back; on his back 14 times
ὕπτιος, ὕπτιοι, ὕπτιον
nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
ὕστατος
last 3 times
ὕστατα, ὕστατοι, ὕστατον
accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
ὕστερον
later 5 times
ὕστερον
ὕστερος
later; last; hereafter 17 times
ὕστερον, ὕστερος, ὕστατον, ὕστατα, ὕστατος
accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
ὕψι
high; on high; far out 8 times
ὕψι
ὗς
boar; a boar; wild boars 17 times
συὸς, συῒ, συσὶ, σῦν, σύες, ὑὸς, συῶν, σύεσσιν and 2 more
genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun
The dative supplies the standard of comparison: 'like a boar.'
ὑγρός
sea; liquid; watery 6 times
ὑγρὸν, ὑγρὴν, ὑγρὰ, ὑγρήν
accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective
ὑλήεις
wooded 7 times
ὑληέσσῃ, ὑληέσσης, ὑλήενθ, ὑλήεις
dative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
ὑμέτερος
your; to your home 7 times
ὑμετέρων, ὑμετέρῃ, ὑμέτερον, ὑμετέρῃσιν, ὑμετέροισι, ὑμέτερόνδ
dative singular feminine adjective; genitive plural neuter adjective; genitive plural feminine adjective
ὑμός
your; of you 3 times
ὑμήν, ὑμέων, ὑμὴ
accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective
ὑπάγω
brought under; led away 4 times
ὕπαγε, ὕπαγον
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb
ὑπασπίδιος
beneath the shield; beneath his shield 3 times
ὑπασπίδια
ὑπέκ
away from 3 times
ὑπὲκ, ὑπὲξ
ὑπένερθε
beneath; beneath it 8 times
ὑπένερθε, ὑπένερθεν
ὑπέρ
above; over; beyond 52 times
ὑπὲρ, ὕπερ, ὑπέρτερον, ὑπεὶρ, ὑπέρτατος
preposition; accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective
Hyper with 'oaths' means acting beyond or against them: violating their bounds.
ὑπέρθυμος
high-hearted; high-spirited; great-hearted 19 times
ὑπέρθυμοι, ὑπερθύμοιο, ὑπερθύμους, ὑπέρθυμον, ὑπερθύμου, ὑπέρθυμος, ὑπερθύμοισι
genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective
ὑπέρμορον
beyond fate's decree twice
ὑπέρμορα, ὑπέρμορον
ὑπέρμορα flags that this early retreat would have violated destiny — the poem cannot let Troy fall yet, so a god must intervene.
ὑπέρτερος
greater; superior 4 times
ὑπέρτερον, ὑπέρτερός
accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective
ὑπέχω
promised; putting beneath 3 times
ὑπέσχετο, ὑποσχὼν
aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb
ὑπείκω
I will yield; yielded; yield 8 times
ὑπείξομαι, ὑποείξομεν, ὑπόεικε, ὑποείξω, ὑπόειξε, ὑπόεικον, ὑποείκειν, ὑποείξομαι
aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb
ὑπεκφέρω
carried out; carrying out; would lift away 3 times
ὑπεξέφερεν, ὑπεξέφερον
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb
ὑπεκφεύγω
escaped; escape; have escaped 7 times
ὑπέκφυγε, ὑπεκφύγοι, ὑπεκφυγέειν, ὑπεξέφυγε, ὑπέκφυγες, ὑπεξέφυγεν
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive
ὑπερβάλλω
outthrew 3 times
ὑπέρβαλε, ὑπειρέβαλον
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb
ὑπερβαίνω
overstep; to scale; crossed over 3 times
ὑπερβήῃ, ὑπερβαίνειν, ὑπέρβασαν
aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb
ὑπερβασία
by transgression; transgression; transgressions 3 times
ὑπερβασίῃ, ὑπερβασίης, ὑπερβασίαι
dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun
ὑπερέχω
held over; held them over; overtopped him 8 times
ὑπερέσχε, ὑπερέσχεθε, ὑπείρεχον, ὑπείρεχεν, ὑπέρσχῃ, ὑπείρεχε
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb
Literally 'hold his hand over you,' meaning extend divine protection.
ὑπερθρώσκω
i leapt over; to leap across; leapt over 3 times
ὑπέρθορον, ὑπερθορέειν
aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb
ὑπερμενής
exceedingly mighty; exceeding in might; almighty 12 times
ὑπερμενέϊ, ὑπερμενέα, ὑπερμενέων, ὑπερμενεῖ
dative singular masculine adjective; dative singular adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
ὑπερμενέϊ modifies Zeus directly here, distinct from the fixed formula "the exceedingly mighty son of Cronos" (Κρονίωνα) locked elsewhere in Book 2 — same root adjective, different phrase.
ὑπερφίαλος
overbearing; overweening; harshly 10 times
ὑπερφίαλοι, ὑπερφιάλως, ὑπερφίαλος, ὑπερφίαλον, ὑπερφιάλους, ὑπερφιάλοισιν
nominative plural masculine adjective; adverb; nominative singular masculine adjective
ὑπερωέω
swerved away 3 times
ὑπερώησαν
ὑπηοῖος
before dawn 3 times
ὑπηοῖοι
ὑπισχνέομαι
promised; promise; to promise 18 times
ὑπέσχετο, ὑποσχέσθαι, ὑποσχόμενοι, ὑπόσχεο, ὑπόσχηται, ὑποσχόμενος, ὑπέσχεο, ὑπόσχωμαι and 3 more
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine
ὑπέσχετο, "promised," refers to Zeus's earlier assurance that Troy would fall — the broken (or merely delayed) promise Agamemnon is bitterly complaining about as this speech continues.
ὑπό
beneath; under; by 332 times
ὑπὸ, ὑπ, ὕπο, ὑφ, ὑπαὶ, ὑπό
preposition; adverb
Tmesis: ὑπό separates from τάνυσσαν (ὑποτανύω, 'stretch beneath'), describing the props set under the ship's hull.
ὑπόδρα
from under his brows; from beneath his brows; balefully 17 times
ὑπόδρα
ὑπόδρα ἰδών, "looking from under his brows," is a fixed Homeric formula for an angry or hostile glare, used repeatedly across the poem whenever a speaker is about to answer sharply.
ὑπόσχεσις
promise twice
ὑπόσχεσιν, ὑπόσχεσις
accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
The broken-promise theme drives Nestor's coming speech: the assurance given at Aulis (the omen recounted below) is the standard against which the war's ninth year is measured.
ὑποδέχομαι
received him; to accept; welcomed 7 times
ὑπεδέξατο, ὑποδέξομαι, ὑποδέχθαι, ὑπέδεκτο, ὑποδέξεαι
aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; future middle indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist middle infinitive
ὑποδείδω
fearing; were afraid; feared 8 times
ὑποδείσαντες, ὑπέδεισαν, ὑπεδείδισαν, ὑποδείσας
aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb
Pluperfect form used with simple past force ('feared'), not 'had feared' — a common Homeric usage.
ὑποδύομαι
stooping beneath; stooping under; having stooped beneath 3 times
ὑποδύντε
Ὑποθῆβαι
Hypothebae once
Ὑποθήβας
"Lower Thebes," distinct from the seven-gated Cadmeian Thebes of the Seven Against Thebes legend.
ὑπολύω
unstrung; freed; loosened 5 times
ὑπέλυσε, ὑπελύσαο, ὑπέλυντο
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb
ὑπομένω
withstood; held their ground; to face 6 times
ὑπέμειναν, ὑπέμεινε, ὑπέμεινεν, ὑπομεῖναι
aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active infinitive
ὑποστρέφω
turn back; wheeled; turned 5 times
ὑποστρέψειας, ὑπέστρεφε, ὑποστρέψας, ὑποστρεφθείς, ὑποστρέψωσι
aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine
ὑποτίθημι
offer counsel; we shall offer; we will advise 4 times
ὑποθησόμεθ, ὑποθέσθαι
future middle indicative, 1st plural verb; aorist medio-passive infinitive
ὑποτρέω
retreat; shrink away; drew back 4 times
ὑπέτρεσαν, ὑποτρέσαι, ὑπέτρεσας
aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb
ὑποχωρέω
gave ground 3 times
ὑπεχώρει, ὑπεχώρησαν
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb
Ὑρτακίδης
son of Hyrtacus 5 times
Ὑρτακίδης
ὑσμίνη
combat; battle; battles 46 times
ὑσμίνῃ, ὑσμίνην, ὑσμίνας, ὑσμίνης, ὑσμῖνι, ὑσμίνη
dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun
ὑφαίνω
was weaving; they wove; weave 7 times
ὕφαινε, ὑφαίνειν, ὕφαινον, ὑφαίνοις
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb
“Wove” is a metaphor for skillfully composing an argument or plan.
ὑφίστημι
I promised; he promised; made 15 times
ὑπέστην, ὑπέστη, ὑπέστημεν, ὑπέσταν, ὑποστήτω, ὑποσταίη, ὑπέστης, ὑποστὰς
aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb
The verb literally means 'stood under'; in this context, undertook or promised.
ὑψηλός
high; lofty; high-roofed 29 times
ὑψηλοῖο, ὑψηλῇ, ὑψηλοὺς, ὑψηλοῖσι, ὑψηλῆς, ὑψηλόν, ὑψηλῷ, ὑψηλῇσι and 8 more
genitive singular neuter adjective; dative singular feminine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective
ὑψίζυγος
throned on high 4 times
ὑψίζυγος
A traditional epithet picturing Zeus as enthroned in the heights.
ὑψίπυλος
high-gated 3 times
ὑψίπυλον
ὑψιβρεμέτης
high-thundering; who thunders on high 4 times
ὑψιβρεμέτης
nominative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine adjective
ὑψιπέτης
high-flying 3 times
ὑψιπέτης
nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine noun
ὑψόθεν
from above; from on high 4 times
ὑψόθεν
ὑψόθι
on high; high 3 times
ὑψόθ
ὑψόροφος
high-roofed 3 times
ὑψόροφον, ὑψορόφοιο
accusative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective
ὑψόσε
aloft; high; high above 14 times
ὑψόσ, ὑψόσε
ὑψοῦ
high above; high 6 times
ὑψοῦ
υἱός
son; sons; the son 436 times
υἱὸν, υἱὸς, υἱός, υἷες, υἱόν, υἷας, υἱὲ, υἷε and 17 more
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
"Neleus' son" identifies Nestor by patronymic before naming him outright in the next line — the disguise the Dream wears to gain Agamemnon's trust.
υἱωνός
grandson; grandsons 3 times
υἱωνοί, υἱωνός, υἱωνοῖο
nominative plural masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun
Seen once or twice
ὕβρις
outrage twice
Ὕδη
of Hyde once
ὕδρος
water-snake once
Ὕλλος
Hyllus once
ὕπειμι
are beneath; were beneath twice
ὕπνον
sleep once
Ὕρτακος
Hyrtacus twice
Ὕρτιος
Hyrtius once
ὕω
rained once
Ὑάδες
Hyades once
ὑάκινθος
hyacinth once
Ὑάμπολις
Hyampolis once
ὑβρίζω
treating outrageously once
ὑβριστής
violent once
ὑγιής
sound once
ὑετός
rain once
ὑλαγμός
baying once
ὑλακτέω
were barking once
ὑλότομος
woodcutters' once
ὑλοτόμος
woodcutters once
ὑμέναιος
wedding song once
ὑπάλυξις
escape once
ὑπαίσσω
darted out from beneath; will dart up twice
ὑπαλύσκω
escape; to escape twice
ὑπαντιάζω
meeting once
ὑπέρβιος
beyond measure; overbearing twice
Ὑπέρεια
Hyperia; from Hyperia twice
ὑπέροπλος
arrogantly twice
ὑπέροχος
above all twice
ὑπέρτατος
highest once
ὑπέρχομαι
came over twice
ὑπείρ
over once
Ὑπείροχος
Hypeirochus once
Ὑπείρων
Hypeiron once
Ὑπειροχίδης
son of Hypeirochus once
ὑπεκπροθέω
outruns; running just ahead twice
ὑπεκπροφεύγω
escaping away twice
ὑπεκσῴζω
rescued once
ὑπεμνήμυκε
his head hangs once
ὑπεξαλεύω
stay out of reach once
ὑπεξαναδύομαι
rising unseen once
ὑπεράλλομαι
leaping over; leapt over twice
ὑπεραής
rushing from above once
ὑπερδεής
very few once
ὑπερέπτω
swept away once
ὑπερείπω
collapsed once
Ὑπερήνωρ
Hyperenor twice
ὑπερηνορέων
overbearing twice
Ὑπερησίη
Hyperesia once
ὑπερηφανέω
being arrogant once
ὑπερθρῴσκω
will leap over once
Ὑπερίων
Hyperion twice
ὑπερκαταβαίνω
crossed over twice
ὑπερκύδας
triumphant twice
ὑπεροπλία
arrogance once
ὑπερπέτομαι
flew over twice
ὑπερῴα
his palate once
ὑπερῷον
upper chamber twice
ὑπηνήτης
beard first coming once
ὑπίσχομαι
promised once
ὑπνάω
those who sleep once
ὑπόρρηνος
with lamb beneath once
ὑπότροπος
returning twice
ὑπόψιος
a reproach once
ὑποβάλλω
interrupt once
ὑποβλήδην
breaking in once
ὑποδεξίη
hospitality once
ὑποθερμαίνω
grew hot twice
ὑποθημοσύνη
through instruction once
ὑποθωρήσσομαι
armed secretly once
ὑποκλονέομαι
be driven in rout once
ὑποκρίνομαι
answer; interpret it twice
ὑποκρύπτω
was hidden beneath once
ὑποκύομαι
having conceived twice
ὑπολείπω
remained once
ὑπολευκαίνομαι
grow white once
ὑπολίζων
smaller once
ὑποπίπτω
crouched beneath once
ὑποπλάκιος
Hypoplacian once
ὑπορρήγνυμι
broke open twice
ὑποστεναχίζω
groaned beneath them once
ὑποσχέθω
held out once
ὑποσχεσίη
in promises once
ὑποταρβέω
taking fright once
ὑποταρτάριος
under Tartarus once
ὑποτρέχω
ducked beneath once
ὑποτρομέω
would tremble; tremble before him twice
ὑπουράνιος
under heaven; beneath the sky twice
ὑποφέρω
bore away once
ὑποφεύγω
to escape once
ὑποφήτης
interpreters once
ὑποφθάνω
getting in first once
ὑποχέω
spread beneath once
ὑπώπιον
his face once
ὑπώρεια
lower slopes once
ὑπωρόφιος
beneath your roof once
Ὑρίη
Hyria once
Ὑρμίνη
Hyrmine once
ὑστάτιος
at the last; rearmost twice
ὑφέλκω
was dragging away once
ὑφηνίοχος
as charioteer once
ὑφίημι
lowering once
ὑψερεφής
high-roofed twice
Ὑψήνωρ
Hypsenor twice
ὑψηρεφής
high-roofed once
ὑψηχής
high-neighing; high-necked twice
ὑψίκομος
high-crested twice
ὑψικάρηνος
high-crested once
ὑψιπέτηλος
high-leafed once
ὑψιπετήεις
high-flying once
Ὑψιπύλη
Hypsipyle once
The particulars
- The words
- Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
- Translation
- Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Data
- JSON · A guide for agents