Words of the Iliad 1732 Studios

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Words of the Iliad · 179 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

ὕδωρ

water; with water 43 times

ὕδωρ, ὕδατι, ὕδατος, ὕδατός

accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun

ὕλη

forest; timber; the wood 30 times

ὕλην, ὕλη, ὕλης, ὕλῃ

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

ὕλη is the wood needed for the pyre, not the forest itself here.

ὕπατος

highest; on top 8 times

ὕπατον, ὕπατος, ὑπάτῃ, ὕπατε

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective

ὕπνος

sleep; Sleep; of sleep 45 times

ὕπνος, ὕπνου, ὕπνῳ, ὕπνον, Ὕπνος, Ὕπνε, Ὕπνῳ

nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

νήδυμος ὕπνος, "sweet sleep," is a standing Homeric formula for restful sleep — its denial to Zeus alone marks how unusual this troubled night is.

ὕπτιος

backward; backward, on his back; on his back 14 times

ὕπτιος, ὕπτιοι, ὕπτιον

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

ὕστατος

last 3 times

ὕστατα, ὕστατοι, ὕστατον

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

ὕστερος

later; last; hereafter 17 times

ὕστερον, ὕστερος, ὕστατον, ὕστατα, ὕστατος

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ὗς

boar; a boar; wild boars 17 times

συὸς, συῒ, συσὶ, σῦν, σύες, ὑὸς, συῶν, σύεσσιν and 2 more

genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun

The dative supplies the standard of comparison: 'like a boar.'

ὑγρός

sea; liquid; watery 6 times

ὑγρὸν, ὑγρὴν, ὑγρὰ, ὑγρήν

accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

ὑλήεις

wooded 7 times

ὑληέσσῃ, ὑληέσσης, ὑλήενθ, ὑλήεις

dative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ὑμέτερος

your; to your home 7 times

ὑμετέρων, ὑμετέρῃ, ὑμέτερον, ὑμετέρῃσιν, ὑμετέροισι, ὑμέτερόνδ

dative singular feminine adjective; genitive plural neuter adjective; genitive plural feminine adjective

ὑμός

your; of you 3 times

ὑμήν, ὑμέων, ὑμὴ

accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

ὑπέρ

above; over; beyond 52 times

ὑπὲρ, ὕπερ, ὑπέρτερον, ὑπεὶρ, ὑπέρτατος

preposition; accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

Hyper with 'oaths' means acting beyond or against them: violating their bounds.

ὑπέρθυμος

high-hearted; high-spirited; great-hearted 19 times

ὑπέρθυμοι, ὑπερθύμοιο, ὑπερθύμους, ὑπέρθυμον, ὑπερθύμου, ὑπέρθυμος, ὑπερθύμοισι

genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective

ὑπέρμορον

beyond fate's decree twice

ὑπέρμορα, ὑπέρμορον

ὑπέρμορα flags that this early retreat would have violated destiny — the poem cannot let Troy fall yet, so a god must intervene.

ὑπέχω

promised; putting beneath 3 times

ὑπέσχετο, ὑποσχὼν

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

ὑπείκω

I will yield; yielded; yield 8 times

ὑπείξομαι, ὑποείξομεν, ὑπόεικε, ὑποείξω, ὑπόειξε, ὑπόεικον, ὑποείκειν, ὑποείξομαι

aorist middle subjunctive, 1st singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb

ὑπεκφέρω

carried out; carrying out; would lift away 3 times

ὑπεξέφερεν, ὑπεξέφερον

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 1st singular verb

ὑπεκφεύγω

escaped; escape; have escaped 7 times

ὑπέκφυγε, ὑπεκφύγοι, ὑπεκφυγέειν, ὑπεξέφυγε, ὑπέκφυγες, ὑπεξέφυγεν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive

ὑπερβαίνω

overstep; to scale; crossed over 3 times

ὑπερβήῃ, ὑπερβαίνειν, ὑπέρβασαν

aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ὑπερβασία

by transgression; transgression; transgressions 3 times

ὑπερβασίῃ, ὑπερβασίης, ὑπερβασίαι

dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun

ὑπερέχω

held over; held them over; overtopped him 8 times

ὑπερέσχε, ὑπερέσχεθε, ὑπείρεχον, ὑπείρεχεν, ὑπέρσχῃ, ὑπείρεχε

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

Literally 'hold his hand over you,' meaning extend divine protection.

ὑπερθρώσκω

i leapt over; to leap across; leapt over 3 times

ὑπέρθορον, ὑπερθορέειν

aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ὑπερμενής

exceedingly mighty; exceeding in might; almighty 12 times

ὑπερμενέϊ, ὑπερμενέα, ὑπερμενέων, ὑπερμενεῖ

dative singular masculine adjective; dative singular adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ὑπερμενέϊ modifies Zeus directly here, distinct from the fixed formula "the exceedingly mighty son of Cronos" (Κρονίωνα) locked elsewhere in Book 2 — same root adjective, different phrase.

ὑπερφίαλος

overbearing; overweening; harshly 10 times

ὑπερφίαλοι, ὑπερφιάλως, ὑπερφίαλος, ὑπερφίαλον, ὑπερφιάλους, ὑπερφιάλοισιν

nominative plural masculine adjective; adverb; nominative singular masculine adjective

ὑπισχνέομαι

promised; promise; to promise 18 times

ὑπέσχετο, ὑποσχέσθαι, ὑποσχόμενοι, ὑπόσχεο, ὑπόσχηται, ὑποσχόμενος, ὑπέσχεο, ὑπόσχωμαι and 3 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine

ὑπέσχετο, "promised," refers to Zeus's earlier assurance that Troy would fall — the broken (or merely delayed) promise Agamemnon is bitterly complaining about as this speech continues.

ὑπό

beneath; under; by 332 times

ὑπὸ, ὑπ, ὕπο, ὑφ, ὑπαὶ, ὑπό

preposition; adverb

Tmesis: ὑπό separates from τάνυσσαν (ὑποτανύω, 'stretch beneath'), describing the props set under the ship's hull.

ὑπόδρα

from under his brows; from beneath his brows; balefully 17 times

ὑπόδρα

ὑπόδρα ἰδών, "looking from under his brows," is a fixed Homeric formula for an angry or hostile glare, used repeatedly across the poem whenever a speaker is about to answer sharply.

ὑπόσχεσις

promise twice

ὑπόσχεσιν, ὑπόσχεσις

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

The broken-promise theme drives Nestor's coming speech: the assurance given at Aulis (the omen recounted below) is the standard against which the war's ninth year is measured.

ὑποδέχομαι

received him; to accept; welcomed 7 times

ὑπεδέξατο, ὑποδέξομαι, ὑποδέχθαι, ὑπέδεκτο, ὑποδέξεαι

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; future middle indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist middle infinitive

ὑποδείδω

fearing; were afraid; feared 8 times

ὑποδείσαντες, ὑπέδεισαν, ὑπεδείδισαν, ὑποδείσας

aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

Pluperfect form used with simple past force ('feared'), not 'had feared' — a common Homeric usage.

Ὑποθῆβαι

Hypothebae once

Ὑποθήβας

"Lower Thebes," distinct from the seven-gated Cadmeian Thebes of the Seven Against Thebes legend.

ὑπολύω

unstrung; freed; loosened 5 times

ὑπέλυσε, ὑπελύσαο, ὑπέλυντο

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

ὑπομένω

withstood; held their ground; to face 6 times

ὑπέμειναν, ὑπέμεινε, ὑπέμεινεν, ὑπομεῖναι

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active infinitive

ὑποστρέφω

turn back; wheeled; turned 5 times

ὑποστρέψειας, ὑπέστρεφε, ὑποστρέψας, ὑποστρεφθείς, ὑποστρέψωσι

aorist active optative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

ὑποτίθημι

offer counsel; we shall offer; we will advise 4 times

ὑποθησόμεθ, ὑποθέσθαι

future middle indicative, 1st plural verb; aorist medio-passive infinitive

ὑποτρέω

retreat; shrink away; drew back 4 times

ὑπέτρεσαν, ὑποτρέσαι, ὑπέτρεσας

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb

ὑσμίνη

combat; battle; battles 46 times

ὑσμίνῃ, ὑσμίνην, ὑσμίνας, ὑσμίνης, ὑσμῖνι, ὑσμίνη

dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

ὑφαίνω

was weaving; they wove; weave 7 times

ὕφαινε, ὑφαίνειν, ὕφαινον, ὑφαίνοις

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

“Wove” is a metaphor for skillfully composing an argument or plan.

ὑφίστημι

I promised; he promised; made 15 times

ὑπέστην, ὑπέστη, ὑπέστημεν, ὑπέσταν, ὑποστήτω, ὑποσταίη, ὑπέστης, ὑποστὰς

aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb

The verb literally means 'stood under'; in this context, undertook or promised.

ὑψηλός

high; lofty; high-roofed 29 times

ὑψηλοῖο, ὑψηλῇ, ὑψηλοὺς, ὑψηλοῖσι, ὑψηλῆς, ὑψηλόν, ὑψηλῷ, ὑψηλῇσι and 8 more

genitive singular neuter adjective; dative singular feminine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective

υἱός

son; sons; the son 436 times

υἱὸν, υἱὸς, υἱός, υἷες, υἱόν, υἷας, υἱὲ, υἷε and 17 more

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

"Neleus' son" identifies Nestor by patronymic before naming him outright in the next line — the disguise the Dream wears to gain Agamemnon's trust.

υἱωνός

grandson; grandsons 3 times

υἱωνοί, υἱωνός, υἱωνοῖο

nominative plural masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

Seen once or twice

ὕβρις

outrage twice

Ὕδη

of Hyde once

ὕδρος

water-snake once

Ὕλλος

Hyllus once

ὕπειμι

are beneath; were beneath twice

ὕπνον

sleep once

Ὕρτακος

Hyrtacus twice

Ὕρτιος

Hyrtius once

ὕω

rained once

Ὑάδες

Hyades once

ὑάκινθος

hyacinth once

Ὑάμπολις

Hyampolis once

ὑβρίζω

treating outrageously once

ὑβριστής

violent once

ὑγιής

sound once

ὑετός

rain once

ὑλαγμός

baying once

ὑλακτέω

were barking once

ὑλότομος

woodcutters' once

ὑλοτόμος

woodcutters once

ὑμέναιος

wedding song once

ὑπάλυξις

escape once

ὑπαίσσω

darted out from beneath; will dart up twice

ὑπαλύσκω

escape; to escape twice

ὑπαντιάζω

meeting once

ὑπέρβιος

beyond measure; overbearing twice

Ὑπέρεια

Hyperia; from Hyperia twice

ὑπέροπλος

arrogantly twice

ὑπέροχος

above all twice

ὑπέρτατος

highest once

ὑπέρχομαι

came over twice

ὑπείρ

over once

Ὑπείροχος

Hypeirochus once

Ὑπείρων

Hypeiron once

Ὑπειροχίδης

son of Hypeirochus once

ὑπεκπροθέω

outruns; running just ahead twice

ὑπεκπροφεύγω

escaping away twice

ὑπεκσῴζω

rescued once

ὑπεμνήμυκε

his head hangs once

ὑπεξαλεύω

stay out of reach once

ὑπεξαναδύομαι

rising unseen once

ὑπεράλλομαι

leaping over; leapt over twice

ὑπεραής

rushing from above once

ὑπερδεής

very few once

ὑπερέπτω

swept away once

ὑπερείπω

collapsed once

Ὑπερήνωρ

Hyperenor twice

ὑπερηνορέων

overbearing twice

Ὑπερησίη

Hyperesia once

ὑπερηφανέω

being arrogant once

ὑπερθρῴσκω

will leap over once

Ὑπερίων

Hyperion twice

ὑπερκαταβαίνω

crossed over twice

ὑπερκύδας

triumphant twice

ὑπεροπλία

arrogance once

ὑπερπέτομαι

flew over twice

ὑπερῴα

his palate once

ὑπερῷον

upper chamber twice

ὑπηνήτης

beard first coming once

ὑπίσχομαι

promised once

ὑπνάω

those who sleep once

ὑπόρρηνος

with lamb beneath once

ὑπότροπος

returning twice

ὑπόψιος

a reproach once

ὑποβάλλω

interrupt once

ὑποβλήδην

breaking in once

ὑποδεξίη

hospitality once

ὑποθερμαίνω

grew hot twice

ὑποθημοσύνη

through instruction once

ὑποθωρήσσομαι

armed secretly once

ὑποκλονέομαι

be driven in rout once

ὑποκρίνομαι

answer; interpret it twice

ὑποκρύπτω

was hidden beneath once

ὑποκύομαι

having conceived twice

ὑπολείπω

remained once

ὑπολευκαίνομαι

grow white once

ὑπολίζων

smaller once

ὑποπίπτω

crouched beneath once

ὑποπλάκιος

Hypoplacian once

ὑπορρήγνυμι

broke open twice

ὑποστεναχίζω

groaned beneath them once

ὑποσχέθω

held out once

ὑποσχεσίη

in promises once

ὑποταρβέω

taking fright once

ὑποταρτάριος

under Tartarus once

ὑποτρέχω

ducked beneath once

ὑποτρομέω

would tremble; tremble before him twice

ὑπουράνιος

under heaven; beneath the sky twice

ὑποφέρω

bore away once

ὑποφεύγω

to escape once

ὑποφήτης

interpreters once

ὑποφθάνω

getting in first once

ὑποχέω

spread beneath once

ὑπώπιον

his face once

ὑπώρεια

lower slopes once

ὑπωρόφιος

beneath your roof once

Ὑρίη

Hyria once

Ὑρμίνη

Hyrmine once

ὑστάτιος

at the last; rearmost twice

ὑφέλκω

was dragging away once

ὑφηνίοχος

as charioteer once

ὑφίημι

lowering once

ὑψερεφής

high-roofed twice

Ὑψήνωρ

Hypsenor twice

ὑψηρεφής

high-roofed once

ὑψηχής

high-neighing; high-necked twice

ὑψίκομος

high-crested twice

ὑψικάρηνος

high-crested once

ὑψιπέτηλος

high-leafed once

ὑψιπετήεις

high-flying once

Ὑψιπύλη

Hypsipyle once

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.