Words of the Iliad 1732 Studios

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Words of the Iliad · 171 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

φάλαγξ

battalions; ranks; the ranks 34 times

φάλαγγας, φάλαγγες, φάλαγγα, φάλαγξι

accusative plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

φάος

light; a light; a way to safety 16 times

φάος, φάει

accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun

Metaphorical 'light' = protector, one who brings safety in battle.

φάσγανον

sword; with his sword; with sword 15 times

φάσγανον, φασγάνῳ, φασγάνου, φάσγανα

accusative singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun

φᾶρος

cloak; mantles; cloaks 6 times

φᾶρος, φάρεϊ, φάρεα, φάρε

accusative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun

Accusative plural noun.

φαγεῖν

devoured; had devoured; will eat 4 times

φάγε, φάγῃσι, φάγον

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb

φαεινός

shining; gleaming; bright 65 times

φαεινῷ, φαεινὴν, φαεινοῦ, φαεινῆς, φαεινὼ, φαεινώ, φαεινὸν, φαεινόν and 11 more

dative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative dual neuter adjective

φαίδιμος

glorious; shining; splendid 50 times

φαίδιμος, φαίδιμα, φαίδιμ

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective

φαίνω

appeared; appearing; seemed 61 times

φαίνετο, φάνη, ἐφάνη, φαίνετ, φαίνων, φαινομένηφι, φανήῃ, φαινομένη and 21 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

Only Achilles can see Athena here; the rest of the assembly notices nothing, a common Homeric device for divine intervention in a human scene.

φέβομαι

fled; to flee; did not flee 11 times

φέβοντο, φέβεσθαι, φεβώμεθα, ἐφέβοντο, φέβωμαι

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive infinitive; present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb

φέριστος

best; my fine pair 4 times

φέριστε, φέριστον, φέριστοι

vocative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; vocative plural masculine adjective

φέρτατος

stronger; better; mightier 30 times

φέρτερός, φέρτερος, φέρτεροί, φέρτατός, φέρτατον, φέρτατ, φέρτερόν, φέρτατος and 5 more

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

φέρτατός ἐστιν, "is strongest," states baldly the fact Hephaestus will next illustrate with his own story of being hurled from heaven.

φέρω

carried; carrying; bringing 186 times

φέρον, φέρων, φέρειν, φέρει, φέροντες, φέροι, φέρε, φέρουσα and 53 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active infinitive

The idiom literally means 'bringing pleasure to the heart': indulging one's own inclination.

φείδομαι

will spare; sparing; might spare 7 times

πεφιδήσεται, φειδόμενος, πεφίδοιτο, πεφιδέσθαι, φείσατ

future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle optative, 3rd singular verb

Optative expresses Tros’s desperate hope that Achilles might spare him.

φεύγω

fleeing; to flee; flee 109 times

φεύγοντες, φεύγων, φύγεν, φεύγοντα, φευγόντων, φεύγειν, φύγον, φύγοι and 33 more

present active participle, nominative plural masculine; present active infinitive; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

φεῦγε μάλ᾽, "run, indeed," is scornfully sarcastic — Agamemnon dares Achilles to leave as though granting him permission, rather than trying to stop him.

φή

like once

φὴ

φή (= ἠΰτε/ὡς) is a rare comparative particle introducing the wave-simile that runs through this line and the next two.

φήρ

beasts; Centaurs twice

φηρσὶν, Φῆρας

dative plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun

"Mountain-dwelling beasts" (φῆρες) is the Homeric term for the Centaurs, never named outright here — the Lapith-Centaur war was a famous mythical battle, later a favorite subject of Greek temple sculpture.

φημί

he spoke; spoke; she spoke 406 times

ἔφατ, φάτο, ἔφαθ, φημι, ἔφατο, φημὶ, φάτ, ἔφη and 40 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 1st singular verb

ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι, "to claim to be equal to me," reveals what really drives Agamemnon: not the loss of Chryseis, but the threat Achilles' open defiance poses to the hierarchy of command.

Φηρητιάδης

son of Pheres; Pheres' grandson twice

Φηρητιάδαο

A patronymic for Admetus, whose father was Pheres; these are the mares Apollo himself had reared, driven here by Eumelus.

φθάνω

was first; striking first; getting there first 15 times

φθάμενος, φθάνει, φθαίη, ἔφθη, φθὰν, φθῆ, φθήῃ, φθάμενός and 2 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb

With the optative, the verb means “get there first” and so preempt another’s boast.

φθέγγομαι

calling aloud; call out; speak 9 times

φθέγγεο, φθεγξάμενος, φθεγγομένου, φθέγξατ, φθέγξατο, φθέγξομ, φθεγξαμένη

present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

The separate preceding token supplies 'softly'.

Φθία

Phthia; of Phthia; in Phthia 10 times

Φθίην, Φθίης, Φθίηφι

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun

φθίω

to perish; will destroy; dead 15 times

φθίσει, φθίσθαι, ἐφθίαθ, φθίμενος, φθίσονται, φθιόμεσθα, φθίσειν, φθιμένου and 5 more

future active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle infinitive; future middle infinitive

φθινύθω

waste away; would waste; were dying 5 times

φθινύθεσκε, φθινύθειν, φθινύθουσι, φθίνυθον, φθινύθουσιν

present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive

φίλος

dear; friends; own dear 343 times

φίλον, φίλος, φίλοι, φίλην, φίλῳ, φίλα, φίλη, φίλων and 17 more

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; vocative plural masculine adjective

the adjective 'dear' is used predicatively here of the woman taken as his wife

φίλτατος

dearest 24 times

φίλτατος, φίλτατοι, φίλταθ, φίλτατε, φίλταταί, φίλτατός, φίλτατοί, φίλτατόν

nominative singular masculine superlative adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

φίλτερος

dearer; more pleasing 5 times

φίλτερον, φίλτεροι, φίλτερος

nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

φιλέω

loves; loved; loving 36 times

φιλεῖ, φιλέουσά, φῖλαι, φίλησε, φιλέεσκεν, φιλήσῃ, φίληθεν, φίλησα and 17 more

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular feminine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

The iterative suffix -εσκ- describes Helen’s habitual affection for the old wool-worker.

φιλότης

love; friendship; in love 33 times

φιλότητι, φιλότητα, φιλότητος, φιλότης, φιλότητί

dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

φιλοπόλεμος

war-loving 10 times

φιλοπτολέμοισι, φιλοπτολέμοισιν, φιλοπτολέμων

dative plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective

φλεγέθω

flares up; blaze; blazing 4 times

φλεγέθει, φλεγέθουσιν, φλεγέθοντι, φλεγεθοίατο

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, dative singular masculine

φλόξ

flame; fire; like a flame 19 times

φλογὶ, φλόγα, φλὸξ, φλογὸς, φλόξ, φλόγ

dative singular masculine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

φόβος

of rout; panic; Rout 38 times

φόβον, φόβοιο, φόβος, Φόβος, φόβου, φόβῳ

genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

φόνος

slaughter; death; from slaughter 20 times

φόνον, φόνοιο, φόνῳ, φόνος

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

φόρμιγξ

lyre; the lyre; with a lyre 6 times

φόρμιγγι, φόρμιγγος, φόρμιγγές, φόρμιγγα

dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun

φοβέω

routed; fled in rout; were fleeing 38 times

ἐφόβησε, φοβεῖται, φόβηθεν, φοβέοντο, πεφοβημένοι, ἐφόβηθεν, φοβεῖ, φοβηθεὶς and 12 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

The passive participle expresses being put to flight by fear.

Φοῖβος

Phoebus; to Phoebus; of Phoebus 49 times

Φοῖβος, Φοῖβε, Φοίβου, Φοίβῳ, Φοῖβον

nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

Chryses' prayer is answered by name: "Phoebus Apollo" is given in full just as the god the prayer named — ἀργυρότοξ(ε), Σμινθεῦ — becomes an active character.

φοῖνιξ

purple; purple dye; Phoenix 6 times

φοίνικι, Φοῖνιξ, φοῖνιξ

dative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

Φοῖνιξ

Phoenix; for Phoenix; to Phoenix 14 times

Φοῖνιξ, Φοίνικι, Φοίνικος, Φοίνικα, Φοίνικες

nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun

φοιτάω

ranged; wandered; prowled 11 times

φοίτα, ἐφοίτα, φοίτων, φοιτήτην, φοιτῶντε, φοιτήσασα, φοιτᾷ

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb

φολκός

bow-legged once

φολκὸς

The catalogue of Thersites’ deformities (bow-legged, lame, hunched, pointed head) is deliberately unflattering — the poem marks him as physically as well as socially outside the heroic norm.

φοξός

ran up to a point once

φοξὸς

φοξός, "peaked/conical," is a rare word describing a misshapen skull, part of Thersites’ grotesque physical portrait.

φορέω

to wear; carry; used to wear 25 times

φορέειν, φορέεσκε, φορῆναι, φορέουσι, φορέεσκον, φορεούσας, φορέει, φορέοις and 7 more

present active infinitive; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb

φράζω

consider; let us consider; take counsel 47 times

φράζεο, φράζονται, φραζέσθω, ἐπέφραδε, φράζεσθε, φραζώμεθ, φράζετο, φραζώμεθα and 21 more

present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb; present medio-passive subjunctive, 1st plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

The middle imperative asks Machaon to consider the situation for himself.

φράσσω

fenced; having fenced; fencing 4 times

φράξαντες, φράξαντο, φραχθέντες

aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine

φράτρα

clans; clan; to clan 3 times

φρήτρας, φρήτρη, φρήτρηφιν

accusative plural feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun

φρήν

heart; mind; his heart 178 times

φρεσὶ, φρένας, φρένα, φρεσὶν, φρένες, φρεσίν, φρεσί, φρέν and 1 more

dative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

φρήν/φρένες names the seat of thought and feeling together in Homeric psychology — not purely emotional like the English "heart."

φρίσσω

bristling; shudder; bristled 7 times

πεφρικυῖαι, πεφρίκασι, ἔφριξεν, φρίσσει, φρίσσουσιν, πεφρίκασιν

perfect active participle, nominative plural feminine; perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

φρονέω

thinking; intending; disposed 60 times

φρονέων, φρονέουσα, φρονέοντες, φρονέοντε, φρονέοντι, φρονέοντ, φρονέω, φρονέεις and 6 more

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, accusative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative singular feminine

ἐὺ φρονέων, literally "thinking well," is a stock Homeric idiom for "well-disposed, favorably minded" — rendered as "with good will."

Φρύγιος

of Phrygia; in Phrygia 3 times

Φρυγίης, Φρυγίῃ, Φρυγίην

genitive singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

φύλαξ

guards; of the guards 8 times

φυλάκων, φυλάκεσσι, φύλακάς, φύλακας, φυλάκεσσ, φυλάκεσσιν

dative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun

φύλλον

leaves; leaf; of leaves 8 times

φύλλα, φύλλοισιν, φύλλά, φύλλων

accusative plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

φύλοπις

battle-din; battle-strife; of battle 19 times

φύλοπιν, φύλοπις, φυλόπιδος

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

φύω

clasped; had grown; grow 14 times

φῦ, πεφύκει, φύει, πεφύασι, πεφυυῖα, φύεν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Literally 'grew onto him by the hand,' an epic idiom for taking hold of someone's hand.

φῦλον

tribes; the tribes; tribe 13 times

φῦλα, φύλοις, φῦλον, φῦλ

accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun

φῦλα and φρήτρας name the tribal and clan units the army will be sorted into for battle — an organizing scheme Nestor proposes here for the first time in the poem.

φυκτός

escape once

φυκτὰ

Predicate adjective: if the ships fall, no escape remains possible.

φυλάσσω

watch; keeping watch; guard 20 times

φυλάσσετε, φύλασσε, φυλάσσονται, φυλασσέμεναι, φυλάσσοις, φυλάσσω, φυλασσομένοισι, φυλάσσει and 8 more

present active infinitive; present active imperative, 2nd plural verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb

Epic infinitive in -menai, dependent on “wish” from the preceding line.

φυλακή

watch; watches; the watches 7 times

φυλακὰς, φυλακῆς, φυλακὴ, φυλακαί

accusative plural feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

φυλακός

of the guard; the guards twice

φυλάκων, φυλάκους

genitive plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun

φυλάκους is the object of λάθοι.

Φυλείδης

son of Phyleus; Phyleus' son 7 times

Φυλεΐδης, Φυλεΐδεω, Φυλεΐδαο, Φυλεΐδην

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

Φυλεύς

Phyleus; Phyleus'; of Phyleus 5 times

Φυλέος, Φυλεύς, Φυλεὺς, Φυλῆά

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

φυσάω

put forth; were blowing; blowing 3 times

φύσει, ἐφύσων, φυσῶντες

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative plural masculine

φώς

man; men; a man 58 times

φώς, φῶτα, φῶτας, φωτὶ, φωτός, φὼς, φωτῶν, φῶτ and 4 more

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

φῶτα is indefinite here: the exile has killed a man in his homeland.

φωνέω

speaking; spoke; having spoken 80 times

φωνήσας, φώνησέν, φωνήσασα, φωνήσασ, φωνησάσης, φωνήσαντε, ἐφώνησεν, φωνήσαντος and 1 more

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine

The participle describes voicing the speech; ηὔδα is the actual verb 'spoke.'

φωνή

voice; aloud; the voice 15 times

φωνήν, φωνὴ, φωνῇ, φωνή

nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

Seen once or twice

φάλαρον

cheek-pieces once

Φάλκης

Phalces twice

φάσκω

used to say; you said twice

Φᾶρις

Pharis once

φαέθω

blazing once

φαεσίμβροτος

light-bringing once

Φαίνοψ

of Phaenops once

Φαῖνοψ

Phaenops twice

Φαῖστος

Phaestus once

φαιδιμόεις

bright once

Φαιστός

Phaestus once

φαλαγγηδόν

in ranks once

φαληριάω

white-crested once

φασσοφόνος

dove-killing once

Φαυσιάδης

son of Phausius once

Φέρεκλος

Phereclus once

φέρετρον

bier once

Φέρουσα

Pherusa once

φέρτερος

stronger twice

Φείδας

Pheidas once

Φείδιππος

Pheidippus once

Φειά

Pheia once

φειδώ

sparing once

φειδωλή

sparing once

Φενεός

Pheneos once

Φεραί

Pherae once

φήγινος

oaken once

φῆμις

report once

Φηγεύς

Phegeus twice

φθείρω

perish once

φθία

Phthia twice

Φθίρες

of Phthires once

φθισίμβροτος

man-destroying once

φθόγγος

voice once

φθονέω

I begrudged; begrudging twice

φῖλος

own once

Φιλητορίδης

son of Philetor once

φιλοκτέανος

most grasping once

Φιλοκτήτης

Philoctetes twice

φιλοφροσύνη

friendliness once

φιλοψευδής

a lover of lies once

φλέγμα

flame once

Φλέγυας

the Phlegyans once

φλέγω

burns; was burning twice

φλέψ

vein once

φλόγεος

flaming twice

φλοιός

bark once

φλύω

boiled up once

Φόβος

Rout once

Φόρβας

of Phorbas twice

φοινήεις

blood-red twice

φοινικόεις

crimson twice

φοινός

blood-red once

φονεύς

from the killer twice

φονή

slaughter twice

φορβή

fodder twice

φορεύς

bearers once

φράδμων

discerning once

φραδής

prudent once

Φραδμονίδης

son of Phradmon once

φρέαρ

wells once

Φρόντις

Phrontis once

Φρυγία

Phrygia once

Φρυγίη

Phrygia once

Φύλακος

Phylacus once

Φύλας

Phylas twice

φύξηλις

runaway once

φύρω

wetting once

φῦκος

seaweed once

φυζακινός

fugitives once

φυκιόεις

weed-strewn once

φυλάζω

keep watch once

φυλακεύς

watch once

Φυλακίδης

son of Phylacus; Phylacus' son twice

Φυλομέδουσα

Phylomedusa once

φυσίζοος

life-bearing once

φυσίζους

life-giving once

φυσιάω

snorting twice

φυτεύω

planted; sow twice

φωριαμός

chests once

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.