η
Words of the Iliad · 124 headwords
Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.
ἤ
or; whether; either 371 times
ἢ, ἤ, ἠὲ, ἦ, ἠέ, ἦε, ἦέ
conjunction; interjection
Achilles names the greatest chieftains after himself and Agamemnon — Ajax's prize or Odysseus' — as the ones he might seize; the threat is deliberately provocative, naming men Agamemnon cannot afford to alienate.
ἤδη
already; now; at last 53 times
ἤδη
ἤκεστος
unbroken 3 times
ἠκέστας
ἤπιος
gentle; soothing; kindly 10 times
ἤπια, ἤπιος, ἠπίου
accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective
ἤτε
both between; and between; whether 4 times
ἤτ, ἤτε
ἤτοι
indeed; then; now 105 times
ἤτοι
Ētoi strongly resumes the consequence: 'then surely' or 'indeed.'
ἦ
truly; surely; indeed 187 times
ἦ
ἦ γάρ κεν is an emphatic idiom of certainty, distinct from the correlative μέν seen elsewhere — it stakes a strong claim before the reasoning that follows.
ἦδος
joy; pleasure 3 times
ἦδος
ἦκα
gently; quietly; softly 5 times
ἦκα, ἦκ
Ἦλις
Elis 5 times
Ἤλιδι, Ἤλιδα, Ἤλιδος
dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
ἦμαρ
day; days; on the day 92 times
ἦμαρ, ἤματι, ἤματα, ἤματ, ἤματί
dative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun
ἦμος
when 8 times
ἦμος
adverb; conjunction
ἦνις
yearling heifers; yearling 4 times
ἤνις, ἦνιν
accusative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
ἦνοψ
gleaming; to Enops; Enops 4 times
ἤνοπι, Ἤνοπι, Ἤνοπος
dative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine adjective
ἦτορ
heart; hearts; my heart 48 times
ἦτορ
nominative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun
An accusative of respect: struck with respect to his heart.
ἠβαιός
a little; at all; even a little 6 times
ἠβαιόν, ἠβαιὸν, ἠβαιαί
accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective
ἠγάθεος
sacred 5 times
ἠγαθέῃ, ἠγαθέην, ἠγάθεον
dative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
Philoctetes was left behind here, wounded and abandoned, when the fleet sailed on to Troy — the famous marooning that later becomes Sophocles' subject.
ἠγερέθομαι
gathered; are gathered; to gather 7 times
ἠγερέθοντο, ἠγερέθονται, ἠγερέθεσθαι
imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive infinitive
ἠδέ
and; or; and also 258 times
ἠδὲ, ἠδ, ἠδέ
conjunction; adverb
ἠέ
or; either; whether 39 times
ἠὲ
ἠέλιος
the sun; sun; of the sun 41 times
ἠέλιος, ἠελίοιο, ἠελίῳ, ἠέλιον, Ἠέλιος, ἠελίου, Ἠελίῳ, ἠέλιόν and 2 more
nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
ἠέριος
at early dawn; early this morning; high in the air 3 times
ἠερίη, ἠέριαι
nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective
ἠερέθομαι
floated; are fickle; take wing 3 times
ἠερέθονται
ἠερόεις
misty; murky 5 times
ἠερόεντα, ἠερόεντος
accusative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective
Ἠετίων
of Eetion; Eetion; of Eëtion 13 times
Ἠετίωνος, Ἠετίων, Ἠετίωνα
genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
ἠθεῖος
brother; dear brother; dear 5 times
ἠθεῖ, ἠθεῖε, ἠθείη
vocative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular feminine adjective
ἠίθεος
young man; young men; a young man 6 times
ἠΐθεοι, ἠΐθεός, ἠΐθεον, ἠΐθεόν
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
ἠιών
shore; shores; of shore 8 times
ἠϊόνος, ἠϊόνα, ἠϊόνες, ἠϊόνας
genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun
ἠλίβατος
sheer 3 times
ἠλίβατος, ἠλίβατοι
nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective
ἠμαθόεις
sandy 4 times
ἠμαθόεντος
ἠμέν
both; both from; just as 29 times
ἠμὲν
Correlative “both,” answered by “and” later in the line.
ἠμί
he spoke; so he spoke; spoke 62 times
ἦ
This ἦ is the verb ἤμί ("he/she said"), not the particle ἦ that appears elsewhere in this scene as "truly" — same spelling, different word.
ἠμύω
bow down; bowed; would bow down 5 times
ἠμύσειε, ἤμυσε, ἠμύει
aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb
ἠνεμόεις
windy; wind-swept 9 times
ἠνεμόεσσαν, ἠνεμόεντα
accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective
ἠνορέη
manhood 5 times
ἠνορέῃ, ἠνορέηφι, ἠνορέην
dative singular feminine noun; dative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
ἠπεροπεύω
to deceive; you deceive; to outwit 3 times
ἠπεροπεύειν, ἠπεροπεύεις
present active infinitive; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb
ἠριγένεια
early-born 3 times
ἠριγένεια, ἠριγενείης
nominative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective
ἠύτε
like; as; as when 29 times
ἠΰτε, ἠΰτ
particle; adverb
Opens Book 2's first extended epic simile: the army streaming to assembly compared to swarms of bees, a comparison drawn from the ordinary rural world rather than from war.
ἠχή
with a roar; with a din; with a cry 9 times
ἠχῇ, ἠχὴ
dative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
ἠχήεις
echoing once
ἠχήεσσα
The line's balanced pair — shadowy mountains, echoing sea — names the vast physical distance between Troy and Achilles' homeland Phthia, the geography behind his argument that the Trojans never wronged him personally.
ἠώς
Dawn; dawn; at dawn 44 times
ἠώς, ἠὼς, Ἠὼς, ἠοῖ, ἠῶ, Ἠώς, ἠοῦς, Ἠῶ and 1 more
nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun
ἠῶθεν
at dawn 3 times
ἠῶθεν
Ἥβη
Hebe 3 times
Ἥβη
ἥβη
youth; of youth; his strength 8 times
ἥβης, ἥβην, ἥβη
genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun
ἥλιος
sun; of the sun; the sun 6 times
ἠέλιον, ἠελίοιο, ἠέλιόν, Ἠέλιος, Ἠελίοιο
accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun
ἥμισυς
half 8 times
ἥμισυ, ἡμίσεες
accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective
Ἥρα
Hera; Hera’s; Hera's 120 times
Ἥρη, Ἥρης, Ἥρῃ, Ἥρην
nominative singular feminine noun; vocative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun
Book 1 closes on this quiet domestic image — the quarrel resolved, the feast done, the king and queen of the gods retiring to bed together, the storm on Olympus fully spent.
ἥρως
the hero; hero; heroes 74 times
ἥρως, ἥρωϊ, ἡρώων, ἥρωα, ἥρωας, ἥρωες, ἡρώεσσιν, ἥρω and 1 more
nominative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
ἥσσων
weaker 3 times
ἥσσων, ἥσσονας
nominative singular masculine comparative adjective; accusative plural masculine comparative adjective
Ἥφαιστος
Hephaestus; of Hephaestus 41 times
Ἥφαιστος, Ἡφαίστοιο, Ἥφαιστον, Ἥφαιστε, Ἥφαιστ, Ἡφαίστου, Ἥφαιστός
nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
Ἡφαίστοιο, "of Hephaestus," stands by metonymy for fire itself, the fire-god’s domain.
ᾗ
where; as; wherever 16 times
ᾗ
ἧλος
nails; studs 3 times
ἥλοισι, ἧλοι
dative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
ἧμαι
sat; sitting; sit 59 times
ἥμενον, ἧστο, ἧσθαι, ἥμενος, ἧσο, ἥατο, ἥμενοι, εἵαται and 16 more
perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; pluperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine
ἧσαι, from ἧμαι "to sit," is a vivid, static present — Odysseus casts Thersites' railing as passive sulking, not honest action.
ἧπαρ
liver 6 times
ἧπαρ
accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun
ἧχι
where 5 times
ἧχι
ἡβάω
were young; came to manhood; vigorous 9 times
ἡβώοιμι, ἡβῶν, ἡβήσαντε, ἡβῷμ, ἡβώοντα, ἡβώοντες
present active optative, 1st singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine
The participle describes a mortal in youthful vigor.
ἡγέομαι
led; were leaders; led the way 26 times
ἡγεῖτο, ἡγήσατο, ἡγησάσθην, ἡγήσατ, ἡγεῖτ, ἡγήσαιτο, ἡγείσθην, ἡγεόμην and 3 more
aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd dual verb
ἡγεμονεύω
was leader; was commander; leads 19 times
ἡγεμόνευε, ἡγεμόνευεν, ἡγεμόνευ, ἡγεμονεύει, ἡγεμονεύῃς, ἡγεμονεύειν, ἡγεμονεύῃ
imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb
ἡγεμών
leaders; leader; of the leaders 24 times
ἡγεμόνες, ἡγεμόνων, ἡγεμόνεσσιν, ἡγεμόνος, ἡγεμόνας, ἡγεμόνα, ἡγεμόν
nominative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun
ἡγήτωρ
leaders; leader; two leaders 29 times
ἡγήτορες, ἡγήτορε, ἡγήτορας, ἡγήτορα, ἡγήτορι
vocative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; vocative dual masculine noun
ἡδύς
sweetly; sweet; welcome 8 times
ἡδὺ, ἡδέϊ, ἡδεῖαν
accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; dative singular masculine adjective
Continues a description of the sacrificial savor (κνίση) named in the preceding, unquoted verse; no head noun appears in this segment.
ἡμέτερος
our; my; our home 38 times
ἡμέτερον, ἡμετέρῃσιν, ἡμετέροιο, ἡμετέρας, ἡμετέρῃσι, ἡμετέρῳ, ἡμετέρῃς, ἡμετέρην and 11 more
dative plural feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective
ἡμίονος
mules; of mules; the mule 24 times
ἡμιόνους, ἡμιόνων, ἡμίονον, ἡμίονοι, ἡμιόνοισιν, ἡμιόνου, ἡμιόνοις
accusative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; accusative singular feminine noun
ἡμίονοι is nominative plural, the subject bearing the corpse.
ἡμιόνειος
mule-drawn; mule-yoke 3 times
ἡμιονείην, ἡμιόνειον
accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective
ἡμιπέλεκκον
half-axes 3 times
ἡμιπέλεκκα
ἡνία
reins; the reins 26 times
ἡνία, ἡνί
accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; nominative singular feminine noun
ἡνίοχος
driver; charioteer; charioteers 30 times
ἡνίοχον, ἡνιόχοιο, ἡνιόχῳ, ἡνίοχος, ἡνίοχόν, ἡνιόχους, ἡνιόχοισι, ἡνίοχοι and 1 more
accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun
ἡνιοχεύς
charioteer; charioteers; driver 4 times
ἡνιοχῆα, ἡνιοχῆες
accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun
ἡνιοχεύω
drove; drove the team 3 times
ἡνιόχευεν, ἡνιόχευ
Ἡράκλειος
of Heracles; Heracles 6 times
Ἡρακληείῃ, Ἡρακληείην, Ἡρακληείης, Ἡρακληείη
dative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective
Ἡρακλέης
over Heracles; of Heracles; son of Heracles 6 times
Ἡρακλῆος, Ἡρακλεΐδην, Ἡρακλῆα
genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun
Seen once or twice
ἤια
prey once
ἤιος
archer twice
ἤκιστος
least skilled once
ἤλιθα
exceedingly once
ἤπειρος
the mainland twice
ἤρα
pleasure once
ἦθος
the haunts twice
Ἦνοψ
of Enops once
ἦρι
early once
Ἠέλιος
Helios once
Ἠερίβοια
Eeriboea once
ἠερόφωνος
loudvoiced once
ἠεροειδής
hazy distance; misty twice
ἠεροφοι~τις
mist-walking once
ἠεροφοῖτις
walking in darkness once
Ἠϊονεύς
of Eioneus once
Ἠϊονῆς
Eioneus once
ἠιόεις
steep-banked once
Ἠιόνες
Eiones once
ἠλάσκω
swarm; wander twice
ἠλακάτη
the distaff once
ἠλασκάζω
wheeling once
ἠλέκτωρ
the sun; shining sun twice
Ἠλείοι
the Eleans once
ἠλεός
witless once
ἠλιτόμηνος
premature once
Ἠλώνη
Elone once
ἠμάτιος
daily once
Ἠμαθίη
Emathia once
Ἠνιοπεύς
Eniopeus once
Ἠνοπίδης
son of Enops once
ἠπεδανός
feeble once
ἠπεροπευτής
deceiver twice
ἠπιόδωρος
kindly once
ἠπύτα
loud-voiced once
ἠπύω
screams once
Ἠπυτίδης
son of Epytus once
ἠρίον
burial mound once
ἥδομαι
sat once
ἥκω
have come once
ἥμων
spear-throwers once
ἧμα
in spear-throwing once
ἡδυεπής
honey-voiced once
ἡλικία
men of his age; equal age twice
ἡμέρα
day twice
ἡμίθεος
of demigods once
ἡμιδαής
half-burned once
ἡμιτάλαντον
half a talent twice
ἡμιτελής
half-finished once
ἡνίον
reins twice
Ἡρακλείδης
son of Heracles twice
ἡσύχιος
safely once
῞ἥρα
Hera once
The particulars
- The words
- Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
- Translation
- Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
- Data
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