Words of the Iliad 1732 Studios

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Words of the Iliad · 964 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

ἔγχος

spear; spears; with his spear 205 times

ἔγχος, ἔγχεϊ, ἔγχεος, ἔγχει, ἔγχεα, ἔγχεσιν, ἔγχεΐ, ἔγχεσι and 1 more

accusative singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun

ἔδω

will devour; to eat; eat 20 times

ἔδονται, ἔδμεναι, ἔδοντες, ἔδουσ, ἔδουσιν, ἔδουσί, ἔδοι, ἔδει and 4 more

future middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; active infinitive; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb

An epic infinitive ending in -μεναι.

ἔθω

accustomed; rampaging 9 times

εἰωθὼς, ἔωθεν, εἰωθότες, εἰωθότι, εἴωθε, ἔθων, ἔθοντες

perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine

ἔισος

fair-shared; balanced; well-matched 12 times

ἐΐσης, ἐΐσας, ἐΐσην

genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

ἔκπαγλος

terribly; most terrible; terrible 17 times

ἔκπαγλον, ἐκπάγλως, ἐκπαγλότατ, ἔκπαγλος, ἔκπαγλ, ἔκπαγλα, ἐκπάγλοις

accusative singular neuter adjective; adverb; vocative singular masculine superlative adjective

Achilles lists himself last and calls himself "most terrible of all men" almost as an afterthought — a boast made in the middle of trying to sound conciliatory.

ἔλαφος

stag; deer; deer's 11 times

ἐλάφοιο, ἔλαφον, ἐλάφοισιν, ἐλάφους

accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

ἔλδομαι

longs; longing; longing for 7 times

ἔλδεται, ἐελδομένοισιν, ἐελδομένοισι, ἐέλδεται, ἐέλδομαι, ἐελδέσθω, ἐλδόμεναι

present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, dative plural masculine; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb

ἔλεγχος

disgraces; shame 5 times

ἐλέγχεα, ἐλέγχε, ἔλεγχος

vocative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; nominative singular masculine noun

ἔλπω

hoped; I expect; expected 44 times

ἔλπετο, ἔλπομαι, ἐλπόμενοι, ἔλποντο, ἐελποίμην, ἔλπεται, ἐέλπεται, ἐέλπετο and 10 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἔμπεδος

steadfast; firm; steadily 31 times

ἔμπεδον, ἔμπεδος, ἔμπεδα, ἔμπεδόν, ἔμπεδοι

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

ἔναρα

the spoils; spoils; of spoils 12 times

ἔναρα, ἐνάρων

accusative plural neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

ἔνατος

a ninth twice

ἐνάτη

The omen's eight nestlings plus the mother make nine — Calchas will read this as an allegory for nine years of war, with a tenth for victory (line 329).

ἔνειμι

were; is within; within are 10 times

ἔνι, ἐνείη, ἐνῆεν, ἔνειμεν, ἔνεστι

present active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active optative, 3rd singular verb

ἔντεα

armor; the armor; arms 29 times

ἔντεα, ἔντε, ἔντεσι, ἔντεσιν

accusative plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

ἔξειμι

are born; to go out; I am one 4 times

ἔξεσσι, ἐξιέναι, ἔξειμι

present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active infinitive; present active indicative, 1st singular verb

ἔξοχος

above all; outstanding; foremost 20 times

ἔξοχον, ἔξοχος, ἔξοχα, ἔξοχ

accusative singular masculine adjective; adverb; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἔοικα

like; resembling; is fitting 69 times

ἐοικότες, ἐοικὼς, ἔοικε, ἔοικεν, ἐοικώς, ἐῴκει, ἐΐκτην, ἐοικότα and 8 more

perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine

"Like night" is one of the Iliad's earliest similes — Apollo's silent, all-covering approach compared to nightfall, before the poem has even shown its first battle.

ἔπαλξις

battlements; battlement; from the battlement 10 times

ἐπάλξεις, ἔπαλξιν, ἐπάλξιες, ἐπάλξιος, ἐπάλξεσιν

accusative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun

ἔπειμι

coming on; will come upon; sit 14 times

ἐπιόντα, ἔπεισιν, ἐπείη, ἐπῆεν, ἐπιόντας, ἐπήϊεν, ἐπιών, ἐπέην and 2 more

present active participle, accusative singular masculine; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Future middle of a compound meaning “go against, attack.”

ἔπειτα

then; afterward; next 270 times

ἔπειτα, ἔπειτ, ἔπειθ, ἔπειτά

ἔπειτά doubles τότ' ("then"), a common Homeric pleonasm; the English renders the pair with a single "then."

ἔπος

words; word; with words 211 times

ἔπος, ἔπεα, ἐπέεσσιν, ἐπέεσσι, ἔπεσιν, ἐπέων, ἔπει, ἔπε and 5 more

accusative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun

ἀντιβίοισι ἐπέεσσιν, "with opposing words," borrows the vocabulary of hand-to-hand combat for the quarrel — the two men have just fought a battle made entirely of speech.

ἔραμαι

desired; I desire; delights in 6 times

ἔραμαι, ἔραται, ἠρασάμην, ἠράσατ, ἠράσσατο

present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἔργνυμι

closes round; were fenced; being driven away 4 times

ἔρχαται, ἔρχατο, ἐργομένη, ἐρχθέντ

perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine

ἔργον

deeds; work; deed 103 times

ἔργα, ἔργον, ἔργῳ, ἔργ, ἔργων, ἔργοισιν, ἔργοισι

accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun

ἔργω

encloses; enclosed; keeping 17 times

ἐέργει, ἔεργε, ἔεργεν, ἐέργων, ἐέργῃ, ἐεργμέναι, ἐεργόμενοι, εἴργουσι

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἔρδω

has done; do; you have done 24 times

ἔοργε, ἔοργας, ἕρδομεν, ἕρδοι, ἔρδ, ἕρδον, ἕρξῃς, ἕρδ and 7 more

perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb

Unaugmented imperfect (Homeric); subject (the Trojans) is understood from the wider context.

Ἔρεβος

Erebus 3 times

Ἐρέβευς, Ἐρέβεσφιν, Ἔρεβος

genitive singular neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun

ἔρις

strife; quarrels; quarrel 43 times

ἔριδος, ἔριδι, ἔρις, ἔριδα, Ἔρις, ἔριδας

genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

ἔριφος

kids twice

ἐρίφοισι, ἐρίφων

dative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun

Genitive plural noun coordinated with 'lambs'.

ἔρομαι

asked; you ask about; asked, questioned 10 times

ἐρέοντο, εἴρεαι, εἴρετο, εἴρομαι, εἰρόμεναι, εἰρόμενος

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἔρρω

begone; when departing; journeying 9 times

ἔρρων, ἐρρέτω, ἔρρ, ἔρρε, ἔρρετε

present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active imperative, 3rd singular verb

ἔρσα

dew; drops of dew 3 times

ἐέρσας, ἔερσαι, ἐέρση

accusative plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

ἔρχομαι

came; go; coming 338 times

ἦλθε, ἐλθὼν, ἐλθεῖν, ἦλθον, ἦλθεν, ἤλυθον, ἐλθέμεν, ἔλθῃ and 62 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

The dual verb form ἔρχεσθον addresses Talthybius and Eurybates as a pair throughout this command — Homeric Greek marks "two" grammatically, not just by naming both heralds.

ἔσθω

eating; eat it; eat 4 times

ἔσθοντες, ἐσθέμεναι, ἔσθουσ, ἔσθων

present active participle, nominative plural masculine; present active infinitive; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb

The present plural verb has the worms as subject and Hector as object.

ἔτης

kinsmen; companions 6 times

ἔται, ἔτας, ἔτῃσι

nominative plural masculine noun; accusative plural masculine noun; dative plural masculine noun

ἔτι

still; any longer; again 172 times

ἔτι, ἔτ, ἔθ

ἔτι, "still, further," combines with the missing negative οὐδ' (not shown as a separate word here) to give the sense "no longer, not... after all."

ἔχω

held; holding; hold 432 times

ἔχων, ἔχον, ἔχε, ἔχοντες, ἔχει, εἶχον, ἔχεν, ἔχ and 74 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

οἴκοι ἔχειν, "to keep at home," implies an unstated object — Agamemnon means keeping Chryseis at home as a wife, the point his whole comparison to Clytemnestra depends on.

ἐάω

let; left; leave 92 times

ἔα, ἐάσομεν, εἴη, εἴα, ἔασε, ἐάσω, ἔασ, εἴασε and 29 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb

ἐάσομεν is a first-person plural hortatory subjunctive in context.

ἐαρινός

spring; of spring 4 times

εἰαρινῇ, εἰαρινοῖσιν, εἰαρινῇσιν

dative singular feminine adjective; dative plural neuter adjective; dative plural feminine adjective

ἐγγίγνομαι

were born; dwell 3 times

ἐγγεγάασιν, ἐγγεγάασι

The perfect emphasizes their established status as native-born men of Ilion.

ἐγγυαλίζω

entrusted; granted; shall grant 11 times

ἐγγυάλιξε, ἐγγυαλίξω, ἐγγυάλιξεν, ἐγγυαλίξαι, ἐγγυαλίζει, ἐγγυαλίξει, ἐγγυαλίξῃ

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active infinitive

ἐγγυαλίζει, literally "places in the hand," frames war itself as a task a god formally hands over to mortals.

ἐγείρω

stirred; rouse; awoke 38 times

ἔγειρε, ἐγείρομεν, ἔγειρεν, ἔγρετο, ἐγρήγορθε, ἐγείρει, ἤγειρα, ἐγείρῃ and 8 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 1st plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

A resultative perfect-form verb: they have awakened and remain awake.

ἐγκατατίθεμαι

tuck; tucked it twice

ἐγκάτθεο, ἐγκάτθετο

aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

The compound imperative vividly means to place the sash down inside the fold of her robe.

ἐγκέφαλος

brain; brains; the brain 7 times

ἐγκέφαλος, ἐγκέφαλον, ἐγκεφάλοιο

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

ἐγχέσπαλος

spear-fighting; spearmen 3 times

ἐγχέσπαλος, ἐγχέσπαλοι

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ἐγχέσπαλοι, "spear-brandishing," a martial epithet distinct from any of the standing Trojan/Achaean epithets already locked.

ἐγχείη

spears; spear; with the spear 21 times

ἐγχείη, ἐγχείῃ, ἐγχείῃσι, ἐγχείῃσιν, ἐγχειάων, ἐγχείας, ἐγχείην

dative plural feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

ἐγχεσίμωρος

spear-fighting; furious with the spear 3 times

ἐγχεσιμώρους, ἐγχεσιμώρων, ἐγχεσίμωροι

accusative plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ἐγχρίμπτω

grazing; braced against; hard pressed 7 times

ἐγχριμφθείς, ἐγχριμφθεῖσα, ἐνιχριμφθέντα, ἐγχρίμπτοντο, ἐγχρίμψας, ἐγχριμφθήτω

aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine

ἐγώ

me; I; to me 1317 times

μοι, ἐγὼ, με, μ, ἐμοὶ, ἐγὼν, ἐμὲ, ἐμεῖο and 36 more

dative singular masculine pronoun; accusative singular masculine pronoun; nominative singular masculine pronoun

κατ' ἔμ' αὐτόν is an idiom meaning "on my own account/by myself" — Nestor stresses he fought as an individual combatant, not merely as an advisor.

ἐθέλω

wish; you wish; willing 159 times

ἐθέλεις, ἤθελε, ἐθέλῃσιν, ἐθέλῃσθα, ἐθέλω, ἐθέλει, ἐθέλοντα, ἐθέλοιμι and 33 more

present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb

Negated by the preceding οὐκ: 'not willing' = 'unwilling.'

ἐίσκω

liken; take for; taking for him 6 times

ἐΐσκω, εἴσκοντες, ἐΐσκομεν, ἠΐσκομεν

present active indicative, 1st singular verb; present active participle, nominative plural masculine; present active indicative, 1st plural verb

ἐκ

from; out; out of 525 times

ἐκ, ἐξ, ἔκ, ἔξ

preposition; adverb

Another tmesis: ἐκ … ἐρέω is one verb, "speak out plainly," with the preposition detached and placed early in the line.

ἐκβάλλω

hurled out; he dropped; cast outside 5 times

ἔκβαλε, ἔκβαλεν, ἔκβαλον, ἔκβαλλε

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐκγίγνομαι

were born; born; was born 10 times

ἐξεγένοντο, ἐκγεγάμεν, ἐκγεγαυῖα, ἐκγεγαῶτι

aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; perfect active infinitive; perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine

ἐκδύω

they stripped off; might escape twice

ἐξεδύοντο, ἐκδῦμεν

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active optative, 1st plural verb

The aorist optative continues Achilles' wish that he and Patroclus alone might escape destruction.

ἐκεῖνος

that man; him; that very 24 times

κείνῳ, κεῖνον, κείνου, κείνων, ἐκεῖνος, κεῖνοι, κεῖνόν, κεῖνος and 2 more

accusative singular masculine adjective; dative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἐκθρῴσκω

leaps; sprang; sprang out 3 times

ἐκθρῴσκει, ἔκθορε, ἐξέθορε

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐκκαλέω

calling out once

ἐκκαλέσας

ἐκκαλέσας means 'having called out,' not 'calling outside.'

ἐκλανθάνω

made him forget; had forgotten; forgot 3 times

ἐκλέλαθον, ἐκλελαθέσθαι, ἐξελάθοντο

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle infinitive; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἐκνοστέω

returning home; returning 3 times

ἐκνοστήσαντι, ἐκνοστήσαντε

aorist active participle, dative singular masculine; aorist active participle, accusative dual masculine

ἐκπάλλω

sprang out once

ἔκπαλθ

Aorist passive in form but intransitive in meaning: the marrow “sprang out.”

ἐκπέμπω

sent out; sending away; send out 3 times

ἔκπεμπε, ἐκπέμπεις, ἐκπέμψειε

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

ἐκπέρθω

to sack; having sacked; sack 16 times

ἐκπέρσαντ, ἐκπέρσαι, ἐκπέρσει, ἐξεπράθομεν, ἐκπέρσωσ, ἐκπέρσουσ, ἐκπέρσῃς, ἐκπέρσειν and 2 more

aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine; aorist active infinitive; future active indicative, 3rd singular verb

The aorist participle ἐκπέρσαντ᾽ marks anterior action: "having sacked... [then] return home," the sack coming before the homecoming.

ἐκπίπτω

fell; fell from; dropped 12 times

ἔκπεσε, ἔκπεσον, ἔκπιπτον, ἐκπεσέειν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἐκτανύω

lay stretched out; having stretched out 4 times

ἐκτανύσας, ἐξετανύσθη, ἐξετάνυσσ

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐκτέμνω

cut out; cut down; he hews out 9 times

ἐξέταμον, ἐκτάμνῃσιν, ἐξέταμ, ἐκτάμνειν, ἔκταμ, ἐκτάμνοντες

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐκτελέω

will fulfill; fulfill; to come to pass 8 times

ἐκτελέεσθαι, ἐκτελέουσιν, ἐκτελέσωσι, ἐξετέλειον, ἐκτελέει, ἐξετέλεσσεν, ἐκτελέω

future active indicative, 3rd plural verb; future middle infinitive; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb

The imperfect portrays the gods as never bringing Phoenix's hoped-for child to fulfillment.

ἐκφαίνω

appeared; were exposed; appears clearly 7 times

ἐξεφάνη, ἐξεφαάνθη, ἐξεφάανθεν, ἐκφανεῖ

aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; future active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐκφέρω

carried out; carry out; to carry from 15 times

ἐξέφερον, ἔκφερον, ἔκφερ, ἐκφερέμεν, ἐκφέροι, ἐξοίσουσιν

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive

ἐκχέω

poured out 3 times

ἔκχεον, ἐξεχέοντο, ἐκχυμένοιο

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle participle, genitive singular neuter

ἐλάτη

fir trees; oars; a fir tree 4 times

ἐλάτῃσιν, ἐλάτῃσι, ἐλάτην, ἐλάτης

dative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

ἐλάτης is genitive singular, 'of fir', not plural trees.

ἐλατήρ

for the driver; driver; drivers 3 times

ἐλατῆρί, ἐλατῆρ, ἐλατῆρες

dative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

ἐλαύνω

drove; to drive; struck 103 times

ἔλασσε, ἤλασε, ἔλασσεν, ἤλασεν, ἐλαυνέμεν, ἔλαυνε, ἐλάαν, ἤλασαν and 34 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

The pluperfect pictures the spears as already driven into the ground by their butt-spikes.

ἐλαφρός

light; swiftest; nimble 10 times

ἐλαφρά, ἐλαφρότατος, ἐλαφρὸν, ἐλαφρὰ, ἐλαφρὸς, ἐλαφροτάτην, ἐλαφρότερος, ἐλαφραί

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine superlative adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἐλεαίρω

pities; you pity; pitied 13 times

ἐλεαίρει, ἐλεαίρεις, ἐλέαιρε, ἐλέαιρεν, ἐλεαίρων, ἐλεαίρεσκον

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb

ἐλεγχής

most despised; disgraces; most shamed 5 times

ἐλέγχιστον, ἐλεγχέες, ἐλέγχιστος

accusative singular masculine adjective; vocative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἐλέγχιστον is a superlative of the same root as ἔλεγχε' used against Thersites at line 235 — Odysseus warns Agamemnon he risks becoming exactly what he mocked.

ἐλεέω

pitied; pity; take pity 27 times

ἐλέησε, ἐλεήσῃ, ἐλέησεν, ἐλέησον, ἐλεήσει, ἐλεήσῃς, ἐλεήσας, ἐλεησάντων

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb

ἐλεεινός

piteously; pitiable; pitifully 7 times

ἐλεεινὰ, ἐλεεινόν, ἐλεεινὸν, ἐλεεινότερός

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine comparative adjective

ἐλεεινότερός is comparative, not positive.

ἐλελίζω

wheeled about; made quake; coiling round 13 times

ἐλελίχθησαν, ἐλέλιξεν, ἐλέλικτο, ἐλελιξάμενος, ἐλέλιχθεν, ἐλέλιξε, ἐλελιχθέντες, ἐλελίχθη

aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐλελιξάμενος gives a vivid physical detail of the snake's motion, seizing the mother bird as she circles and screams around it.

ἐλύω

loosed; freed; fell 6 times

ἔλυσεν, ἐλύσθη, ἐλυσθείς

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine

ἐμβάλλω

cast; cast into; cast between 24 times

ἔμβαλε, ἔμβαλ, ἔμβαλον, ἔμβαλεν, ἐμβάλλεο, ἐμβάλοι, ἐνέβαλλε, ἐμβαλέειν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb

ἐμβαίνω

embarked; had embarked; having mounted 6 times

ἔμβαινον, ἐμβέβασαν, ἐμβεβαῶτα, ἐμβήῃ, ἔμβητον, ἐμβεβαυῖα

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; perfect active participle, accusative singular masculine

ἐμμεμαώς

eagerly; straining hard; in its fury 11 times

ἐμμεμαὼς, ἐμμεμαώς, ἐμμεμαῶτε, ἐμμεμαῶτ, ἐμμεμαυῖα, ἐμμεμαῶτες

perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect active participle, nominative dual masculine; perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine

Perfect participle expresses a settled, intense eagerness for battle.

ἐμός

my; my own; mine 153 times

ἐμὸν, ἐμῷ, ἐμὸς, ἐμῆς, ἐμὴν, ἐμόν, ἐμῇ, ἐμὰ and 18 more

dative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἐμπίμπρημι

to set ablaze; to burn; set ablaze 5 times

ἐνιπρῆσαι, ἐνιπρήσειν, ἐνέπρησεν

aorist active infinitive; future active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐμπίπλημι

filled; fill; having filled 6 times

ἐνέπλησθεν, ἐνέπλησεν, ἐμπίπληθι, ἔμπλητο, ἐμπλήσατο, ἐμπλησάμενος

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐμπίπτω

fell upon; has fallen; had struck 11 times

ἔμπεσε, ἐμπέσῃ, ἔμπεσεν, ἔμπεσ

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb

ἐμπνέω

breathed; breathed again; breathe again 9 times

ἔμπνευσε, ἔμπνυτο, ἐμπνύνθη, ἐμπνεύσῃσι, ἐνέπνευσεν, ἐμπνείοντε

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐμπρήθω

burn; have burned; to burn 8 times

ἐνιπρήσω, ἐνέπρησεν, ἐνιπρήσει, ἐμπρήσειν, ἐνέπρηθον, ἐνιπρήσειν, ἐνιπρῆσαι, ἐνιπρήσωσι

future active infinitive; aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐμφύω

clinging fast; grow rooted twice

ἐμπεφυυῖα, ἐμπεφύασι

perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine; perfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἐμπεφυυῖα literally means 'having grown into,' the same verb used of ivy or a grafted branch — Thetis's persistence in supplication is imaged as her having physically fused to Zeus's knees.

ἐν

in; among; within 1093 times

ἐν, ἐνὶ, ἔνι, εἰν, ἔν, εἰνὶ

preposition; adverb

ἐν...ἀγείρομεν is tmesis: the preposition ἐν, "in/aboard," is split from the verb ἀγείρω ("gather") that it will eventually compound with, still felt as separable in Homeric Greek.

ἐναίρω

slew; to slay; to kill 16 times

ἐνήρατο, ἐναιρέμεν, ἐναίρειν, ἐναίροντα, ἐναίρω, ἔναιρε, ἐναιρόμενος, ἐναίρων

present active infinitive; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, accusative singular masculine

ἐναίσιμος

of good omen; at the proper time; fair-minded 5 times

ἐναίσιμα, ἐναίσιμον, ἐναίσιμος, ἐναίσιμοι

accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἐναίσιμα means fitting or proper here, describing the gifts offered to the gods.

ἐναλίγκιος

like 6 times

ἐναλίγκιος, ἐναλίγκιον

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

ἐναντίος

facing; opposite; to meet him 14 times

ἐναντίοι, ἐναντίη, ἐναντίος, ἐναντίον, ἐναντίω

nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἐναρίζω

they kept killing; killed; were stripping 13 times

ἐνάριζον, ἐνάριζε, ἐναρίζοι, ἐνάριζεν, ἐνάριξα, ἐναρίζων, ἐνάριξε

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active optative, 3rd singular verb

ἐνδέξιος

to the right; on the right 3 times

ἐνδέξια

ἐνδέξια, "to the right," is the ritual direction for pouring wine around a company — Hephaestus serves the gods in proper ceremonial order, having just made peace between Zeus and Hera.

ἐνδέω

has bound; bound; I tied 3 times

ἐνέδησε, ἐνέδησα

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb

ἐνδύω

put on 5 times

ἔνδυνε, ἐνδῦσα

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

The arming-and-dressing sequence (tunic, cloak, sandals, sword, scepter) is a type-scene Homer reuses for heroes preparing to face the day, here applied to a king readying himself for council rather than battle.

ἐνέπω

tell; told; had told 11 times

ἔνισπε, ἔννεπε, ἐνίσπες, ἐνίψει, ἐνέποντες, ἐνίσπω, ἐνίσποι, ἔνισπες

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb

ἐνίημι

put; you have driven; has thrust 11 times

ἐνῆκεν, ἐνῆκε, ἐνῆκας, ἐνέηκε, ἐνίετε, ἐνήσομεν, ἐνήσεις, ἐνεικέμεν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd plural verb

ἐνίπτω

rebuked; revile 10 times

ἠνίπαπε, ἐνένιπεν, ἔνιπτε, ἐνένιπε, ἐνίπτοι

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; present active optative, 3rd singular verb

ἐνίσσω

to assail; assailing; rebuking 3 times

ἐνίσσων, ἐνισσέμεν

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active infinitive

Participle describing his verbal abuse.

ἐνιαυτός

years; year; a year 9 times

ἐνιαυτοὺς, ἐνιαυτοί, ἐνιαυτὸς, ἐνιαυτῶν, ἐνιαυτῷ, ἐνιαυτόν, ἐνιαυτὸν

accusative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

Marks this as the ninth year of the siege — the timespan central to the whole poem's setting, and about to be justified by the Aulis omen Odysseus recounts next.

ἐννέα

nine 9 times

ἐννέα

The nine years of siege mark the poem’s temporal setting; the tenth year, in which the Iliad takes place, is about to begin.

Ἐννοσίγαιος

Earth-shaker; earth-shaker; the earth-shaker 18 times

ἐννοσίγαιος, ἐννοσίγαι, ἐννοσιγαίῳ, ἐννοσίγαιον, ἐννοσίγαιε

nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

Earth-shaker is a cultic epithet for Poseidon; the paired epithet presents him as both supporting and shaking the earth.

ἐνόρνυμι

rose; she stirred up; rousing 4 times

ἐνῶρτο, ἐνῶρσεν, ἐνόρσας, ἐνῶρσας

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἐνοπή

din; shouting; war-cry 7 times

ἐνοπήν, ἐνοπῆς, ἐνοπῇ, ἐνοπὴν, ἐνοπή

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

ἐνορούω

leapt in; leaps among them 3 times

ἐνορούσῃ, ἐνόρουσ, ἐνόρουσε

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb

ἐνσκίμπτω

planted itself; having bowed 3 times

ἐνισκίμφθη, ἐνισκίμψαντε

aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine

ἐντίθημι

set; store up; make 6 times

ἔνθεο, ἐνθεμένη, ἐνθέμεναι

aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb

ἐντροπαλίζομαι

turning back repeatedly; twisting away 4 times

ἐντροπαλιζόμενος, ἐντροπαλιζομένη, ἐντροπαλιζομένην

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative singular feminine; present active participle, accusative singular feminine

ἐντύνω

prepare; having adorned; prepared 3 times

ἔντυνον, ἐντύνασαν, ἐντύνοντο

aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active participle, accusative singular feminine; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

The accusative participle agrees with the understood reflexive subject of the infinitive.

ἐντυπάς

closely once

ἐντυπὰς

Adverb modifying 'wrapped'; it does not itself include that verb.

Ἐνυάλιος

Enyalius; of Enyalios; for Enyalius 9 times

Ἐνυαλίῳ, Ἐνυαλίοιο, ἐνυάλιος, Ἐνυάλιος

dative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

Enyalius was an old war-god, sometimes used as a byname of Ares and sometimes worshipped as a separate war-deity — being called "a match for" him is high martial praise for Meriones.

ἐξάγω

led out; lead out; bringing forth 11 times

ἐξαγαγόντες, ἔξαγ, ἔξαγε, ἐξήγαγε, ἐξῆγεν, ἐξάγαγε, ἐξαγάγοις, ἐξῆγε

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐξάλλομαι

leaping out; leaps out; leaping ahead 4 times

ἐξάλμενος, ἐξάλλεται

aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐξάπτω

take hold; fastened through; fastening 3 times

ἐξάπτεσθε, ἐξῆπτεν, ἐξάπτων

present medio-passive imperative, 2nd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἐξάρχω

led the way; led; leading 9 times

ἐξῆρχε, ἐξάρχων, ἐξάρχοντες

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative plural masculine

ἐξῆρχε, "led the way," marks Nestor as the senior elder whose motion to rise the others follow — the same authority the poem noted Agamemnon grants him above all other elders.

ἐξαιρέω

had taken; took; took away 17 times

ἐξείλετο, ἐξέλετο, ἔξελον, ἐξελόμην, ἐξέλετ, ἐξέλεθ, ἔξελε

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb

The middle marks Agamemnon's personal selection of the women for himself from Achilles' captives.

ἐξαλαπάζω

to lay waste; to lay waste utterly; sacked 9 times

ἐξαλαπάξαι, ἐξαλάπαξε, ἐξαλαπάξειν, ἐξαλαπάξας, ἐξαλαπάξῃ

aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active infinitive

ἐξανύω

fulfilled; shall finish; I shall finish 3 times

ἐξανύω, ἐξήνυσε

present active subjunctive, 1st singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Present subjunctive used with confident future force: Achilles vows to make an end of Hector.

ἐξέρχομαι

i came out; to come out; to come outside 5 times

ἐξελθεῖν, ἐξῆλθον, ἐξελθόντα

aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine

ἐξεῖπον

let me speak out; tell twice

ἐξείπω, ἐξείποι

aorist active subjunctive, 1st singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

The optative ἐξείποι means he would report/tell Agamemnon.

ἐξελαύνω

drove out; driving out; to drive out 10 times

ἐξέλασε, ἐξελάσαι, ἐξελάσας, ἐξελάαν, ἐξήλαυνεν, ἐξέλασ, ἐξήλασσαν, ἐξελάσειε

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἐξεναρίζω

slew and stripped; slew; stripped of armor 34 times

ἐξενάριξε, ἐξενάριξεν, ἐξενάριζεν, ἐξενάριξαν, ἐξεναρίξων, ἐξεναρίξας, ἐξενάριξας, ἐξεναρίζεις and 4 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἐξενάριξα contextually means Achilles killed Priam's sons, not merely stripped armor.

ἐξερεείνω

asked; questioned; questioned them 3 times

ἐξερέεινεν, ἐξερεείνετο, ἐξερέεινε

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐξερείπω

streaming down; falls 3 times

ἐξεριποῦσα, ἐξερίπῃ

aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb

ἐξερύω

drew out; pulled out; to pull out 9 times

ἐξέρυσ, ἐξερύσαι, ἐξερύσασκε, ἐξερύοι, ἐξείρυσσαν, ἐξέρυσε, ἐξέρυσεν, ἐξείρυσε

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; present active optative, 3rd singular verb

ἐξικνέομαι

reached; i reached; came to 3 times

ἐξίκετο, ἐξικόμην

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 1st singular verb

ἐξίκετο expresses arriving at the foreign land in this simile.

ἐπάρχω

having poured the first drops; after first offerings twice

ἐπαρξάμενοι

The middle participle refers to beginning the ritual drinking by pouring an offering to the gods.

ἐπαίσσω

rushing at him; rushing upon him; rushing on 25 times

ἐπαΐξας, ἐπαΐξαι, ἐπαΐσσων, ἐπαΐσσοντα, ἐπαΐξασκε, ἐπαΐξαντες, ἐπαΐσσει, ἐπαΐσσονται and 2 more

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active infinitive; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἐπαινέω

approved; approve; praising 11 times

ἐπῄνησαν, ἐπαινέομεν, ἐπῄνεον, ἐπαινήσαντες, ἐπαινήσαντος

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active indicative, 1st plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἐπακούω

had heard; hear; to listen 5 times

ἐπάκουσαν, ἐπακούεις, ἐπακοῦσαι, ἐπακούσω, ἐπακούσαις

aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active infinitive

ἐπαμύνω

defend; come to aid; give aid 11 times

ἐπάμυνε, ἐπάμυνον, ἐπαμύνω, ἐπαμυνέμεν, ἐπαμύνομεν, ἐπαμύνειν, ἐπαμῦναι

present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb; present active infinitive

ἐπαπειλέω

had threatened; threatening; he threatened 3 times

ἐπηπείλησ, ἐπαπειλήσας, ἐπηπείλησεν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἐπαραρίσκω

fitted; was fitted fast 3 times

ἐπαρήρει, ἐπῆρσε, ἐπῆρσεν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐπασσύτερος

one after another 6 times

ἐπασσυτέρους, ἐπασσύτεροι, ἐπασσύτερον, ἐπασσύτεραι

accusative plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

ἐπαυρέω

may have their profit; will reap; grazes 10 times

ἐπαυρεῖν, ἐπαύρῃ, ἐπαύρωνται, ἐπαυρήσεσθαι, ἐπαυρίσκοντ, ἐπαύρηαι, ἐπαυρέμεν

aorist active infinitive; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd plural verb

ἐπέρχομαι

came; approaching; advancing 21 times

ἐπερχόμενον, ἐπελθὼν, ἐπῆλθε, ἐπήλυθε, ἐπῆλθεν, ἐπερχομένους, ἐπελθών, ἐπήλυθεν and 2 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine

The subjunctive in the μή clause expresses the feared possibility.

ἐπέχω

holding before you; were shut fast; you could rest 10 times

ἐπέσχε, ἐπισχών, ἐπώχατο, ἐπισχοίης, ἐπέσχον, ἐπεῖχε

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἐπέσχε describes how far the fire's force had extended over the pyre.

ἐπείγω

presses hard; in haste; eager 21 times

ἐπειγόμενοι, ἐπείγει, ἐπειγέσθω, ἐπείγετο, ἐπειγόμενος, ἐπειγομένη, ἐπειγόμενός, ἐπειγομένων and 3 more

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Ἐπειός

Epeians; Epeius; of the Epeians 17 times

Ἐπειοὶ, Ἐπειῶν, Ἐπειός, Ἐπειοί, Ἐπειὸς

nominative plural masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine noun

ἐπελαύνω

had been driven; brought near 3 times

ἐπελήλατο, ἐπέλασσέ

pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐπεύχομαι

boasted; having prayed; boasts 20 times

ἐπεύξατο, ἐπευξάμενος, ἐπευχόμενος, ἐπεύχεται, ἐπευχομένη, ἐπεύξεαι

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

ἐπί

upon; to; on 775 times

ἐπὶ, ἐπ, ἔπι, ἐφ, ἐπί, ἔφ, ἔπ

preposition; adverb

ἐπὶ...ἔτελλε is split across the line (tmesis) from a single compound verb ἐπιτέλλω, "to lay a command upon someone" — the preposition and verb were still felt as separable in Homeric Greek.

ἐπίηρα

pleasing things twice

ἐπίηρα

ἐπίηρα φέρων, "bringing pleasing things," is a set Homeric idiom for seeking to please someone — Hephaestus positions himself as peacemaker before he speaks a word.

ἐπίκουρος

allies; as an ally; as helper 33 times

ἐπίκουροι, ἐπικούρων, ἐπίκουρος, ἐπικούρους

nominative plural masculine noun; genitive plural masculine noun; vocative plural masculine noun

ἐπίορκος

a false oath; falsely sworn 4 times

ἐπίορκον

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

Neuter singular used adverbially: he swore falsely, violating the oath.

ἐπίσκοπος

as a spy; guardians; defender 4 times

ἐπίσκοπος, ἐπίσκοπον, ἐπίσκοποι

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

ἐπίσταμαι

skilled; knew; knowing how 17 times

ἐπίστατο, ἐπιστάμενοι, ἐπιστάμενος, ἐπιστάμεθα, ἐπισταίμεσθα, ἐπίσταιτο, ἐπίστηται, ἐπισταμένοισι and 2 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

Ἐπίστροφος

Epistrophus 3 times

Ἐπίστροφος, Ἐπίστροφον

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

First of three Epistrophus figures in the Iliad, all in Book 2: this Phocian, son of Iphitus; a second leads the Trojan-allied Halizones with Odios (2.856); a third, son of Evenus, ruled Lyrnessus with his brother Mynes and was slain by Achilles before the poem begins (2.692) — he does not lead any contingent in the Catalogue.

ἐπίσωτρον

tires; wheel rims; with wheel rims 6 times

ἐπισσώτρων, ἐπίσσωτρα, ἐπισσώτροις, ἐπισσώτρου

genitive plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun

ἐπιβαίνω

mount; mounted; about to mount 31 times

ἐπεβήσετο, ἐπιβήσεο, ἐπιβήμεναι, ἐπιβησόμενον, ἐπιβαινέμεν, ἐπιβάντ, ἐπιβαίην, ἐπιβὰς and 12 more

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active infinitive

The optative with the modal particle expresses the potential action: a chariot that she might mount.

ἐπιβρίθω

bears hard; press hard; weighs down 4 times

ἐπιβρίσῃ, ἐπέβρισαν

aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἐπιγνάμπτω

has bent; curbing; bends 6 times

ἐπέγναμψεν, ἐπιγνάμψασα, ἐπιγνάμπτει, ἐπιγνάμψας

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐπιγράφω

grazed; having marked; to graze 4 times

ἐπιγράψας, ἐπέγραψε, ἐπιγράψαι

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active infinitive

ἐπιδέω

fall short; want 3 times

ἐπιδεύεαι, ἐπιδεύομαι

present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb

ἐπιδευής

lacking; needy; deprived 5 times

ἐπιδευεῖς, ἐπιδευής, ἐπιδευὴς, ἐπιδευὲς

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

ἐπιδήμιος

among his own people; local twice

ἐπιδημίου, ἐπιδήμιοι

genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

Adjective describing robbers operating among their own people.

ἐπιδίδωμι

has bestowed; has given; we shall turn 5 times

ἐπέδωκε, ἐπιδωσόμεθ, ἐπιδώμεθα, ἐπιδοῦναι

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future middle indicative, 1st plural verb; aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb

ἐπιέννυμι

clothed in; would sit 6 times

ἐπιειμένοι, ἐπιειμένε, ἐπιειμένος, ἐφέσσεσθαι

perfect passive participle, nominative plural masculine; perfect passive participle, vocative singular masculine; perfect passive participle, nominative singular masculine

ἀναιδείην ἐπιειμένε, "clothed in shamelessness," pictures shamelessness as a garment Agamemnon wears — the same verb ἐπιέννυμι used for putting on armor or clothes.

ἐπιείκελος

godlike; equal; like 8 times

ἐπιείκελ, ἐπιείκελον, ἐπιείκελος

vocative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

ἐπιεικής

fitting 7 times

ἐπιεικὲς, ἐπιεικές, ἐπιεικέα

nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἐπιθέω

load once

ἐπιθεῖτε

Aorist imperative meaning put the goods onto the wagon.

ἐπικέλομαι

invoked once

ἐπεκέκλετ

The compound means calling the Erinyes down upon someone.

ἐπικερτομέω

taunting; jesting twice

ἐπικερτομέων

In context ἐπικερτομέων describes Achilles speaking with a jest.

ἐπικλίνω

shut fast once

ἐπικεκλιμένας

the perfect passive participle describes the completed state that Asius did not find

ἐπικραίνω

grant; fulfilled; might fulfill 6 times

ἐπικρήηνον, ἐπεκραίαινε, ἐπικρήνειε

aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

Zeus’ failure to fulfill the prayer foreshadows the oath’s collapse and the war’s continuation.

ἐπιμαίομαι

plied; reached for; lunged at them 4 times

ἐπεμαίετ, ἐπεμαίετο

The middle verb pictures the heart reaching or grasping after the prize.

ἐπιμέμφομαι

finds fault with; fault us; complain of 3 times

ἐπιμέμφεται, ἐπιμέμφεαι

present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 2nd singular verb

ἐπινηνέω

heaped; spread over 3 times

ἐπινήνεον, ἐπενήνοθε

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd verb

ἐπιπείθομαι

obey; will obey; obeyed 14 times

ἐπεπείθεθ, ἐπιπείσεται, ἐπιπείθεο, ἐπιπείθηται, ἐπιπείθονται, ἐπιπειθόμεναι, ἐπιπείσεαι, ἐπιπείθεθ and 1 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive imperative, 2nd singular verb; future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

The imperfect presents Patroclus as continuing to comply.

ἐπιπλέω

having sailed over; sailed 3 times

ἐπέπλεον, ἐπιπλώσας, ἐπιπλὼς

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἐπιπλήσσω

striking them; you rebuke; will rebuke 3 times

ἐπιπλήσσων, ἐπιπλήσσεις, ἐπιπλήξειν

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; future active infinitive

ἐπιπροίημι

to send; he sent ahead; I have sent 5 times

ἐπιπροέηκα, ἐπιπροέμεν, ἐπιπροέηκεν

aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐπιπωλέομαι

ranged along; ranges through; ranged through 5 times

ἐπεπωλεῖτο, ἐπιπωλεῖται

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐπιρρέπω

may tip once

ἐπιρρέπῃ

The verb pictures the balance of battle inclining decisively toward destruction.

ἐπισεύω

rushed; charged; rushing 27 times

ἐπέσσυτο, ἐπεσσύμενον, ἐπέσσυται, ἐπεσσεύοντο, ἐπεσσυμένους, ἐπεσσεύοντ, ἐπεσσύμενος, ἐπισσεύεσθαι

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐπιστέφω

crowned; filled to the brim twice

ἐπεστέψαντο

Literally 'crowned': filling the bowls to the rim is pictured as placing a crown upon them.

ἐπιτάρροθος

helper; helpers; a helper 7 times

ἐπιτάρροθός, ἐπιτάρροθος, ἐπιτάρροθοι, ἐπιτάρροθον, ἐπιταρρόθω

nominative singular feminine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

ἐπιτέλλω

gave charge; charged; laid commands 43 times

ἐπέτελλε, ἐπέτελλεν, ἐπιτέλλομαι, ἐπετέλλετο, ἐπέτελλ, ἐπιτέλλω, ἐπιτεῖλαι, ἐπιτέλλεαι and 7 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐπιτίθημι

to draw over; to add; set upon it 11 times

ἐπιθεῖναι, ἐπέθηκε, ἐπιθήσει, ἐπιθήσεις, ἐπιθήσω, ἐπέθηκεν

aorist active infinitive; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐπιτρέπω

are entrusted; we entrusted; yield 10 times

ἐπιτετράφαται, ἐπιτέτραπται, ἐπετράπομέν, ἐπέτρεπε, ἐπέτρεψεν, ἐπιτραπέουσι, ἐπιτράπεθ, ἐπέτρεψας

perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st plural verb

ἐπιτρέχω

ran after; ran on; ran up 10 times

ἐπιδραμέτην, ἐπέδραμον, ἐπέδραμεν, ἐπέδραμε, ἐπεδραμέτην, ἐπιθρέξαντος, ἐπέτρεχον

aorist active indicative, 3rd dual verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἐπιφράζω

take note; gave thought; consider 4 times

ἐπιφρασσαίατο, ἐπεφράσατ, ἐπιφρασσαίμεθα, ἐπεφράσω

aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle optative, 1st plural verb

ἐπιχέω

poured upon them; to pour 3 times

ἐπέχυντο, ἐπιχεῦαι

aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active infinitive

The aorist infinitive complements 'urged' from the preceding line.

ἐπιχθόνιος

earth-dwelling; born upon the earth; earthly 7 times

ἐπιχθονίων, ἐπιχθόνιος, ἐπιχθόνιοι

genitive plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ἐπόρνυμι

roused; rouse; may send forth 7 times

ἐπῶρσε, ἔπορσον, ἐπόρσειαν, ἐπόρνυε, ἐπῶρτ

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd plural verb

ἐποίχομαι

ranging; ranged; going among 20 times

ἐποιχόμενος, ἐπῴχετο, ἐποιχομένη, ἐποιχόμενοι, ἐποιχομένην, ἐποίχεσθαι, ἐποιχόμενον

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine

The participle describes Apollo coming upon the unnamed victim, not specifically 'you.'

ἐπορούω

charged; sprang; sprang upon 24 times

ἐπόρουσε, ἐπορούσας, ἐπόρουσεν, ἐπόρουσαν, ἐπόρουσα

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἐποτρύνω

urging; urges; urge on 25 times

ἐποτρύνων, ἐποτρύνει, ἐποτρύνοντα, ἐποτρύνῃ, ἐποτρύνουσα, ἐποτρύνητον, ἐπότρυνον, ἐπότρυνε and 2 more

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, accusative singular masculine

ἐρατεινός

lovely 16 times

ἐρατεινὴν, ἐρατεινῆς, ἐρατεινὰς, ἐρατεινάς, ἐρατεινήν, ἐρατεινὰ

accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective

ἐργάζομαι

to work; you might perform twice

ἐργάζεσθαι, ἐργάζοιο

present medio-passive infinitive; present medio-passive optative, 2nd singular verb

The second-person optative describes the degrading tasks the child might perform.

ἐρεβεννός

dark; murky; gloomy 8 times

ἐρεβεννὴ, ἐρεβεννή, ἐρεβεννῇ, ἐρεβεννῶν

nominative singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective; genitive plural neuter adjective

ἐρεείνω

asked; do you ask; questioned 6 times

ἐρεείνεις, ἐρέειν, ἐρέεινε

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active indicative, 2nd singular verb

ἐρεθίζω

provoke; to provoke; provoked 5 times

ἐρέθιζε, ἐρεθιζέμεν, ἐρέθιζον, ἐρεθίζων

present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; present active infinitive; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἐρείδω

leaning; braced; had been driven 26 times

ἐρεισάμενος, ἠρήρειστο, ἐρείσθη, ἐρείσατο, ἔρεισε, ἔρειδε, ἐρείσας, ἐρηρέδαται and 5 more

aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐρείπω

fell; falling; falls 35 times

ἤριπε, ἔριπ, ἐριπὼν, ἐριποῦσα, ἤριπεν, ἐριπών, ἔρειπον, ἐρέριπτο and 4 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine

The pluperfect marks the wall as already brought down and still lying in ruins.

ἐρεύγομαι

bellowing; belch forth; bellowed 5 times

ἤρυγεν, ἐρευγόμενοι, ἐρευγομένης, ἐρυγόντα

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine; present medio-passive participle, genitive singular feminine

Ἐρευθαλίων

Ereuthalion 3 times

Ἐρευθαλίωνα, Ἐρευθαλίων, Ἐρευθαλίωνι

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

Ἐρεχθεύς

of Erechtheus once

Ἐρεχθῆος

Erechtheus is Athens's legendary autochthonous king — sprung from the earth itself, then reared by Athena and enshrined in her own temple, the founding claim of Athenian identity.

ἐρητύω

restrain; halted; held back 17 times

ἐρητύοντο, ἐρήτυον, ἐρήτυθεν, ἐρήτυε, ἐρητύσασκε, ἐρητύετ, ἐρητύσειέ, ἐρητύειν and 2 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἐρίγδουπος

loud-thundering 8 times

ἐρίγδουπος, ἐριγδούποιο, ἐρίγδουποι, ἐριγδούπου

nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ἐρίδουπος

loud-crashing; echoing twice

ἐριδούπων, ἐριδούπου

genitive plural feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective

The epithet describes the reverberant portico in this context.

ἐρίζω

quarreling; to wrangle; rival 16 times

ἐριζέμεναι, ἔριζεν, ἐρίσαντε, ἐρίσσειε, ἐρίζεται, ἐρίζοι, ἐρίζητον, ἐρίσαντες and 4 more

present active infinitive; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative dual masculine

ἐρίηρος

trusted; steadfast; loyal 7 times

ἐρίηρες, ἐρίηρας, ἐρίηρος

nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

ἐρίτιμος

precious 4 times

ἐρίτιμον, ἐριτίμοιο

accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

ἐριαύχην

high-necked 5 times

ἐριαύχενας, ἐριαύχενες

accusative plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine noun

ἐριβῶλαξ

rich-soiled; deep-soiled 18 times

ἐριβώλακος, ἐριβώλακι, ἐριβώλακα, ἐρίβωλον, ἐριβώλου

accusative singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine noun

ἐριδαίνω

quarrel; wrangle; contend 4 times

ἐριδαίνετον, ἐριδαίνομεν, ἐριδήσασθαι

present active indicative, 2nd dual verb; present active indicative, 1st plural verb; present active indicative, 3rd dual verb

ἐριθηλής

luxuriant; flourishing 3 times

ἐριθηλέων, ἐριθηλέας, ἐριθηλὲς

genitive plural feminine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

ἐρικυδής

glorious 5 times

ἐρικυδέα, ἐρικυδέος

genitive singular feminine adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

Ἐρινύς

Erinyes; Erinys 7 times

Ἐρινύες, Ἐρινῦς, Ἐρινὺς, Ἐρινύς, ἐρινύας

nominative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

ἐρύκω

held back; to hold; hold back 37 times

ἐρύκακε, ἐρύξει, ἐρυκέμεν, ἠρύκακε, ἐρύκει, ἐρύκακεν, ἔρυκε, ἔρυξαν and 11 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive

Future verb.

ἐρύω

drawing; drew; drew off 101 times

ἐρυσσάμενος, ἐρύσσομεν, ἐρύσαντό, ἐρύσατο, ἐρυσαίμεθα, ἐρύσαντο, ἐρύσσατο, εἴρυσαν and 46 more

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb

εἰρύαται is a perfect passive form used with present force in Homer ("they are held/derive"), a common Homeric use of the perfect for an ongoing state rather than a completed action.

ἐρῶ

will tell; I will tell; will say 42 times

ἐρέω, ἐρέει, ἐρέων, ἐρέουσα, ἐρέειν, εἰρημένος, εἴρητο, ἔρειο and 2 more

future active indicative, 1st singular verb; future active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future active participle, nominative singular masculine

The future participle expresses Sleep's purpose in running to Poseidon.

ἐρωέω

hold back; will come streaming; drive back 9 times

ἐρώει, ἐρωῆσαι, ἐρωήσει, ἐρωήσαιτ, ἐρωήσουσι, ἐρωείτω, ἠρώησαν

present active imperative, 2nd singular verb; aorist active infinitive; future active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐρωή

onrush; cast; pause 11 times

ἐρωήν, ἐρωή, ἐρωὴν, ἐρωῇ, ἐρωὴ

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

ἐσθλός

noble; good; brave 80 times

ἐσθλὸν, ἐσθλὸς, ἐσθλοὶ, ἐσθλῶν, ἐσθλὰ, ἐσθλοὺς, ἐσθλόν, ἐσθλῆς and 7 more

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ἐσσύμενος

eagerly; at once; fiercely eager 11 times

ἐσσυμένως, ἐσσυμένους, ἐσσύμενον, ἐσσυμένην

adverb; accusative plural masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

Adverb modifying 'worked'.

ἐσχατάω

on the farthest border; at the border; straggling at the edge 3 times

ἐσχατόωσαν, ἐσχατόωσα, ἐσχατόωντα

present active participle, accusative singular feminine; present active participle, nominative singular feminine; present active participle, accusative singular masculine

ἐτεός

truly; true 12 times

ἐτεόν, ἐτεὸν, ἐτεά

accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective

ἐτώσιος

in vain; useless 6 times

ἐτώσιον, ἐτώσια

nominative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective

ἐύς

noble; good; your own 29 times

ἐῢς, ἠΰς, ἠΰ, ἑῆος, ἠΰν, ἠῢς, ἠῢν, ἐῢν and 3 more

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

Epic adjective meaning “noble” or “good,” paired with “tall.”

ἐύτμητος

well-cut 5 times

ἐϋτμήτῳ, ἐϋτμήτοισιν, ἐϋτμήτους

dative singular masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine adjective

ἐϋμμελίης

of the strong ash spear once

ἐϋμμελίω

Standing epic epithet of Priam, 'armed with the good ashen spear'.

ἐυκνήμις

well-greaved 24 times

ἐϋκνήμιδες, ἐϋκνήμιδας

accusative plural masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; vocative plural masculine adjective

ἐυκτίμενος

well-built; well-tended 18 times

ἐϋκτίμενον, ἐϋκτιμένην, ἐϋκτιμένῃ, ἐϋκτιμένας, ἐϋκτιμένης

accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

ἐυμμελίης

strong ash-speared; of the strong spear 5 times

ἐϋμμελίω, ἐϋμμελίης, ἐϋμμελίαι, ἐϋμμελίην

genitive singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective

ἐφάλλομαι

leaping onto; sprang forward; springing on 9 times

ἐπάλμενος, ἐπᾶλτο, ἐπιάλμενον

aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle participle, accusative singular masculine

ἐφάπτω

hang over; had fastened; are fastened 7 times

ἐφῆπται, ἐφῆπτο

perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐφέζομαι

perching; sat; sat upon 4 times

ἐφέζετο, ἐφεζόμενοι, ἐφεζομένη

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine

ἐφέπω

he may meet; drove; met 22 times

ἔφεπε, ἐπίσπῃ, ἔφεπ, ἐπίσπῃς, ἐπισπεῖν, ἐφέπων, ἐπισπόμενον, ἐπισπέσθαι and 4 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular verb; aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb

the optative expresses what even a god could accomplish.

ἐφετμή

commands; command; the charge 9 times

ἐφετμάς, ἐφετμέων, ἐφετμὰς, ἐφετμὴ, ἐφετμήν, ἐφετμή

accusative plural feminine noun; genitive plural feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

ἐφίημι

loosed; hurled; aiming 18 times

ἐφῆκε, ἐφῆκεν, ἐφῆκα, ἐφιεὶς, ἐφήσεις, ἐφείω, ἔφες, ἐφίει and 6 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

ἐφείω, "I lay upon," completes Zeus's blunt threat begun with ἆσσον ἰόνθ' — coming near and setting his irresistible hands on Hera.

ἐφίστημι

stood nearby; standing; stood 16 times

ἐφέστασαν, ἐπέστη, ἐφεσταότες, ἐφεστήκει, ἐφίστατο, ἐφεστᾶσιν, ἐφεσταότος

pluperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect active participle, nominative plural masculine

ἐφιζάνω

settled; they sat down twice

ἐφίζανε, ἐφιζανέτην

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd dual verb

The verb is dual, continuing to describe the two returning warriors.

ἐφοπλίζω

make ready; we prepare; let us prepare 5 times

ἐφοπλισόμεσθα, ἐφοπλίζωμεν, ἐφοπλίσσαντες, ἐφοπλίσσαιτε

aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural verb; present active subjunctive, 1st plural verb; aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine

ἐφοράω

behold; he wore; shall designate 4 times

ἐφορᾷς, ἐφόρει, ἐπιόψομαι, ἐπόψεαι

present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; future middle indicative, 1st singular verb

in context the future middle means to pick out or name the members of the embassy

ἐφορμάω

roused against; rushing upon you; rushes on 10 times

ἐφορμᾶται, ἐφώρμησαν, ἐφορμηθέντες, ἐφορμηθέντα, ἐφορμᾶσθαι, ἐφορμηθέντε, ἐφορμηθῆναι, ἐφορμηθεὶς and 1 more

present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist passive participle, nominative plural masculine

Passive in form but intransitive in sense: “having rushed upon.”

Ἐφύρα

Ephyra; the Ephyri 5 times

Ἐφύρης, Ἐφύρη, Ἐφύρῃ, Ἐφύρους

genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

This Thesprotian Ephyra, on the Selleis river, is distinct from the better-known Corinthian Ephyra.

ἐχθαίρω

she might hate; had hated; has hated 3 times

ἐχθήρειε, ἔχθαιρε, ἔχθηρε

aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

ἐχθρός

hateful 3 times

ἐχθρὸς, ἐχθρὰ, ἐχθρῆς

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective

ἕ

him; his; for him 569 times

οἱ, ἑ, οἷ, ἕθεν, οἵ, ἓ, ἕ, εὑ and 8 more

dative singular masculine pronoun; accusative singular masculine pronoun; dative singular feminine pronoun

ἑ is the generic singular ('him'), referring to any one king; the translation pluralizes to 'them' to match the collective διοτρεφέων βασιλήων of the previous line.

ἕδρα

seat; seats; with a seat 5 times

ἕδρας, ἕδρῃ, ἕδρης

accusative plural feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

ἕζομαι

sat down; sat; sit 35 times

ἕζετο, ἕζετ, ἑζόμενος, ἑζέσθην, ἕζεσθαι, ἕζοντο, ἑζομένω, ἕζεο and 4 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine

Completes the compound verb καθέζομαι begun by the preverb κατά earlier in the line (tmesis).

ἕκαστος

each; every; each one 119 times

ἕκαστος, ἑκάστου, ἕκαστον, ἑκάστῳ, ἕκαστοι, ἕκαστα, ἑκάστῃ, ἑκάστη and 3 more

nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἕκηλος

at ease; at their ease; quietly 8 times

ἕκηλοι, ἕκηλος, ἕκηλον

nominative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

Ἕκτωρ

Hector; Hector's; of Hector 442 times

Ἕκτωρ, Ἕκτορα, Ἕκτορι, Ἕκτορος, Ἕκτορ, Ἕκτορά, Ἕκτορί, Ἕκτόρ and 1 more

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

The dative Ἕκτορι marks the person for whom the funeral is completed.

ἕκτωρ

Hector; Hector's 8 times

Ἕκτωρ, Ἕκτορος, Ἕκτορ, Ἕκτορα

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun

Ἕλενος

Helenus; at Helenus 10 times

Ἕλενος, Ἑλένοιο, Ἕλενον, Ἑλένῳ, Ἕλενόν

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἕλιξ

curved-horned; spiral-horned; spirals 7 times

ἕλικας, ἕλιξιν, ἕλικος

accusative plural masculine adjective; dative plural masculine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective

ἕλκος

wound; wounds; a wound 22 times

ἕλκος, ἕλκεϊ, ἕλκε, ἕλκεος, ἕλκεα

accusative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun

ἕλκω

dragged; drew; drag 54 times

ἕλκε, ἑλκέμεν, ἕλκετο, ἕλκον, ἑλκέμεναι, ἕλκ, ἑλκόμενον, ἕλχ and 17 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

Ἕλος

Helos twice

Ἕλος

This Laconian Helos is distinct from the Messenian Helos named a few lines later in the Pylos contingent — two different towns sharing a name.

ἕννυμι

put on; clothed; they clothed themselves 24 times

ἕσσατο, ἑέσσατο, ἑσσαμένω, ἕσσαντο, ἑσσάμενοι, εἱμένος, ἕσσε, ἕσσο and 9 more

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; pluperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

The aorist middle expresses dressing herself in the robe.

ἕπομαι

followed; follow; will follow 122 times

ἕποντο, ἕσπετο, ἕπεσθαι, ἕποιτο, εἵπετο, ἕπετ, ἕπετο, ἕπονθ and 32 more

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

The imperative is dual, specifically directing the two heralds to accompany the embassy.

ἕπω

tending; dressed; pressed 4 times

ἕπον, ἕποντα, ἕπουσιν

present active participle, accusative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ἕρκος

bulwark; barrier; court 16 times

ἕρκος, ἕρκεϊ, ἕρκεα

accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun

ἕρκος, "bulwark" or "fence," is a standing Homeric metaphor for a great warrior — Nestor casts Achilles as the wall standing between the army and disaster.

ἕτερος

one; the other; other 43 times

ἕτερον, ἑτέρῃ, ἕτεροι, ἑτέροιο, ἕτερόν, ἑτέροισί, ἑτέρῳ, ἑτέρηφι and 10 more

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative plural masculine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

ἑανός

robe; soft; in mantle 9 times

ἑανῷ, ἑανὸν, ἑανοῦ, ἑανὸς

dative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine noun

Ἑκάβη

Hecuba; of Hecuba 8 times

Ἑκάβη, Ἑκάβης, Ἑκάβην

nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

Ἑκάεργος

far-worker; to the far-worker; far-working 10 times

ἑκάεργος, ἑκάεργε, ἑκάεργον

nominative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἑκατηβόλος

far-shooting 5 times

ἑκατηβόλου, ἑκατηβόλε, ἑκατηβόλον

genitive singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἑκατόμβη

hecatomb; hecatombs; a hecatomb 23 times

ἑκατόμβην, ἑκατόμβας, ἑκατόμβης

accusative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

A hecatomb (ἑκατόμβη) is literally "a hundred oxen," the grandest scale of sacrifice — though by Homer's time the word could loosely mean any large formal offering.

ἑκατόμβοιος

worth a hundred oxen 3 times

ἑκατόμβοιος, ἑκατόμβοι, ἑκατόμβοιον

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural neuter adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

ἑκατόμπυλος

hundred-gated once

ἑκατόμπυλοί

A famous epithet of Egyptian Thebes: 'hundred-gated.'

ἑκηβόλος

far-shooting; the far-shooter 9 times

ἑκηβόλῳ, ἑκηβόλου, ἑκηβόλος, ἑκηβόλον

dative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective

Ἑκτόρεος

Hector's 4 times

Ἑκτορέης, Ἑκτόρεον, Ἑκτορέοις

genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; dative plural neuter adjective

Ἑλένη

Helen; Helen's; for Helen 39 times

Ἑλένην, Ἑλένης, Ἑλένη, Ἑλένῃ

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

This whole passage (lines 160–162, "Argive Helen, for whose sake...") is repeated verbatim at lines 176–178 when Athena relays Hera’s words to Odysseus.

ἑλίκωψ

bright-eyed 4 times

ἑλίκωπες, ἑλίκωπας

nominative plural masculine adjective; accusative plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

ἑλίσσω

wheeling; wheels; curling 15 times

ἑλιξάμενος, ἑλισσομένη, ἑλισσόμενόν, ἑλιχθέντων, ἑλίξεται, ἑλισσόμενον, ἑλισσόμενοι, ἑλισσόμενος and 3 more

aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive participle, nominative singular feminine; present medio-passive participle, accusative singular masculine

ἑλκέω

dragged; they may drag; dragged away 5 times

εἵλκεον, ἑλκήσουσιν, ἑλκηθείσας, ἑλκήσουσ, ἕλκει

imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active subjunctive, 3rd plural verb; aorist passive participle, accusative plural feminine

ἕλκει is present tense and describes Achilles' repeated action.

Ἑλλάς

Hellas 5 times

Ἑλλάδα, Ἑλλάδος, Ἑλλάδι

accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun

Ἑλλήσποντος

Hellespont; the Hellespont 10 times

Ἑλλήσποντον, Ἑλλήσποντος, Ἑλλησπόντῳ

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ἑός

his own; his; her own 168 times

ὃν, ᾧ, ἑὸν, ἑοῖο, ἑοῦ, ᾗσι, ἣν, ᾗσιν and 25 more

accusative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective

ὗς here is the archaic reflexive possessive ἑός ("his own"), not the relative pronoun ὅς — it stresses that Agamemnon's arrogance is self-inflicted.

Ἑρμῆς

Hermes; to Hermes 16 times

Ἑρμείας, Ἑρμείαν, Ἑρμέᾳ, Ἑρμείω, Ἑρμῆς, Ἑρμεία

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

ἑρσήεις

dewy; fresh with dew 3 times

ἑρσήεντα, ἐερσήεις, ἑρσήεις

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

ἑταῖρος

companions; companion; comrades 199 times

ἑταῖροι, ἑταῖρον, ἑταίρων, ἑταίρου, ἑτάροισι, ἑταῖρος, ἑτάροισιν, ἑτάρων and 12 more

genitive plural masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

ἑτοῖμος

ready; accomplished 6 times

ἑτοῖμα, ἑτοίμη, ἑτοῖμος

accusative plural neuter adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative plural neuter adjective

ἑτοιμάζω

make ready; they might prepare 3 times

ἑτοιμάσατ, ἑτοιμασσαίατ, ἑτοιμασάτω

aorist active imperative, 2nd plural verb; aorist middle optative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active imperative, 3rd singular verb

εἰ

if; whether; even if 473 times

εἰ, εἴ, αἴ, αἲ

conjunction; interjection

εἰ δ' ἄγε is a fossilized exclamatory idiom ('come now!'), not a literal conditional 'if' — the sense is carried by the phrase as a whole, not by any one word.

εἴβω

let fall; sheds 3 times

εἴβεις, εἴβει, εἶβεν

present active indicative, 2nd singular verb; present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

εἴδομαι

in the likeness; having likened himself; seems 30 times

εἰσάμενος, εἴδεται, ἐεισάμενος, εἰδομένη, ἐεισαμένη, εἰδόμενος, εἰσαμένη, εἴσαιτο and 5 more

aorist middle participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle participle, nominative singular feminine

Athena disguised as a herald is the poem's divine-disguise motif — a god takes a mortal shape to be heard and obeyed without revealing herself directly to the army.

εἴδω

knows; know; knew 36 times

ᾔδεε, εἴσατο, οἶδε, εἴδομεν, οἶδα, ἴδμεν, εἰδώς, ἰδυίῃσι and 15 more

pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine

A perfect subjunctive with the modal particle: Hera promises she will keep the favor in lasting memory.

εἴδωλον

phantom; phantoms 4 times

εἴδωλον, εἰδώλῳ, εἴδωλα

accusative singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun

εἴκω

yielding; give way; yield 20 times

εἴκων, εἴξας, εἴξειε, εἶκε, εἴκετε, εἴξαντος, εἴκουσι, εἴξωσι and 6 more

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb

εἴκω, 'give way, yield', takes the dative (ὄκνῳ, ἀφραδίῃσι); describes an unnamed subject introduced earlier in the sentence, not present in this segment.

εἴλω

penned in; to pen ... in; crowded together 30 times

ἔλσαι, ἀλήμεναι, ἐάλη, εἰλομένων, ἐελμένοι, ἀλεὶς, ἀλέντων, εἰλέωσιν and 12 more

aorist active infinitive; aorist passive infinitive; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

εἶδον

seeing; saw; he saw 237 times

ἰδὼν, ἴδον, ἴδε, ἴδεν, ἰδέσθαι, ἴδῃ, ἰδών, ἴδηαι and 32 more

aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb

ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν is the locked formula "glaring at him from under his brows," held to this wording even though the verb that follows (ἠνίπαπε, "rebuked") differs from the usual προσέφη, "spoke."

εἶμι

going; to go; went 299 times

ἰέναι, ἰὼν, ἴμεν, ἴσαν, ἰόντες, ἴθι, εἶμι, ἴομεν and 42 more

present active infinitive; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb

Achilles greets the heralds warmly before they can even speak — he already knows why they've come and makes clear his anger is aimed at Agamemnon, not at the messengers.

εἶπον

spoke; speaking; having spoken 279 times

εἰπὼν, ἔειπεν, ἔειπες, εἶπε, εἴπω, ἔειπε, εἰπὲ, εἴπεσκεν and 26 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 2nd singular verb

The iterative epic form marks what people repeatedly or characteristically said.

εἰκός

like; resembling; likening herself 12 times

ἐϊκυῖα, ἐϊκυῖ, ἐϊκυῖαν, ἐϊκὼς

perfect active participle, nominative singular feminine; perfect active participle, accusative singular feminine; perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine

εἰλαπίνη

banquets; feasts; feast 3 times

εἰλαπίνῃσι, εἰλαπίναι, εἰλαπίνην

dative plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

Εἰλείθυια

Eileithyiae; Eileithyia 4 times

Εἰλείθυια, Εἰλείθυιαι, Εἰλειθυίας

nominative singular feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

εἰλίπους

shambling 5 times

εἰλίποδας, εἰλιπόδεσσι

accusative plural masculine adjective; dative plural feminine noun; dative plural masculine adjective

εἰλύω

wrapped; is wrapped; was wrapped 6 times

εἰλυμένος, εἴλυται, εἴλυτο, εἰλυμένω, εἰλυμένοι, εἰλύσω

perfect medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; pluperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

εἰμί

is; being; to be 1088 times

εἶναι, ἐόντα, ἦεν, ἦν, ἦσαν, ἐὼν, ἔμμεναι, ἔσσεται and 114 more

present active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active infinitive

ἦν (from εἰμί, "to be") literally means "was" — "was a ninth" is rendered idiomatically in English as "made a ninth."

εἰνάνυχες

for nine nights once

εἰνάνυχες

An epic compound used adverbially: 'for nine nights.'

εἰς

to; into; until 386 times

ἐς, εἰς, ἔς

ἐς...βῆσε (continued next line) is tmesis of ἐσβαίνω, "to put aboard" — the preposition and verb are split across the line break.

εἰσάγω

leading; bringing against it; having brought in 4 times

ἐσάγουσα, εἰσαγαγόντες, εἰσαγαγών, εἰσάγαγον

present active participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist active participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

εἰσαγαγών means bringing the son into Ilion.

εἰσάλλομαι

leapt against; he leapt within; leapt 4 times

ἐσήλατο, ἐσᾶλτο

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb

εἰσαναβαίνω

having gone up; have climbed back; would mount 7 times

εἰσαναβᾶσα, εἰσανέβησαν, εἰσαναβαίνοι, εἰσαναβῆναι, εἰσανέβαινον

aorist active participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active optative, 3rd singular verb

εἰσέρχομαι

having entered; entering; entered 18 times

εἰσῆλθε, εἰσελθὼν, εἰσήλυθον, εἰσελθοῦσα, εἰσελθών, εἰσῆλθ, εἴσελθε, εἰσέλθῃσι and 3 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine; aorist active indicative, 1st singular verb

εἰσμαίομαι

struck deep; stirred violently twice

ἐσεμάσσατο

The middle gives the sense of violently rousing or stirring Achilles inwardly.

εἰσοράω

watching; the onlookers; looking upon 34 times

εἰσορόων, εἰσορόωντες, εἰσορόωντας, εἰσορόωσαι, ἐσορῶν, εἰσεῖδε, εἰσορόωντα, ἐσόψομαι and 10 more

present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative plural masculine; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Future middle in sense, coordinated with 'seizes'.

εἷμα

garments; in garments; clothes 11 times

εἵματα, εἵματ, εἵμασιν, εἷμα

accusative plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun

εἷς

one; single; on one 50 times

ἕνα, εἷς, μία, μίαν, ἑνὶ, ἰῇ, ἴα, ἑνὸς and 7 more

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective

εὔδμητος

well-built 7 times

ἐΰδμητον, ἐϋδμήτων, ἐϋδμήτου, ἐϋδμήτοιο, ἐϋδμήτους

accusative singular neuter adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; genitive plural masculine adjective

εὔζωνος

well-girdled; fair-girdled 7 times

ἐϋζώνοιο, ἐϋζώνους, ἐΰζωνος

genitive singular feminine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

εὔκομος

lovely-haired 18 times

ἠϋκόμοιο, ἠΰκομος

genitive singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine adjective

Εὔμηλος

Eumelus; Eumelus'; to Eumelus 8 times

Εὔμηλος, Εὐμήλῳ, Εὐμήλοιο, Εὐμήλου

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun

εὔξεστος

polished; well-shaped; well-planed 10 times

ἐϋξέστῳ, ἐϋξέστῃς, ἐϋξέστας, εὐξέστῳ, ἐΰξεστοι, ἐϋξέστης, ἐϋξέστῃ, ἐϋξέστου and 1 more

dative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective

εὔξοος

polished; well-polished 6 times

ἐΰξοον, ἐΰξου

accusative singular neuter adjective; genitive singular neuter adjective; accusative singular feminine adjective

εὔπεπλος

fair-robed 5 times

ἐϋπέπλων, ἐϋπέπλῳ, εὐπέπλων

genitive plural feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

Εὔρυτος

Eurytus; of Eurytus 3 times

Εὐρύτου

This Eurytus of Oechalia, Thamyris's host, is a different man from the Eurytus, son of Actor, who fathers one of the Epeian leaders later in this Catalogue (l621).

εὔσελμος

well-benched 14 times

ἐϋσσέλμους, ἐϋσσέλμοιο, ἐϋσσέλμων

accusative plural feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; genitive plural feminine adjective

εὔτροχος

smooth-running; well-wheeled 7 times

ἐΰτροχον

accusative singular feminine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective

εὔτροχος describes the wagon as well-wheeled.

εὔχαλκος

bronze-bound; bronze-fitted 3 times

εὔχαλκον, εὐχάλκου

accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective

εὔχομαι

praying; prayed; boasting 98 times

εὐχόμενος, εὔχομαι, εὔχεται, εὔχετο, εὐξαμένοιο, εὔχεο, εὔχεσθαι, εὔχετ and 17 more

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb

Middle εὔχεο can mean “you boasted,” not merely “you prayed.”

εὐκλεής

glorious; gloriously 3 times

ἐϋκλεῖας, ἐϋκλεὲς, ἐϋκλειῶς

accusative plural feminine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective; adverb

εὐνάω

lying; lying together; having lain together 6 times

εὐνηθεῖσα, εὐνηθέντε, εὐνηθῆναι

aorist passive participle, nominative singular feminine; aorist passive participle, nominative dual masculine; aorist passive infinitive

The dual participle explicitly presents Zeus and Hera as the pair lying together.

εὐνή

bed; a bed; sleeping places 28 times

εὐνῆς, εὐνῇ, εὐνὴν, εὐνὰς, εὐνάς, εὐνή, εὐναί, εὐνήν and 2 more

genitive singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun

εὐπλόκαμος

lovely-haired; well-tressed; fair-haired 7 times

ἐϋπλόκαμοι, ἐϋπλόκαμος, ἐϋπλόκαμός, ἐϋπλοκάμοις, ἐϋπλοκάμοισι

nominative singular feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective

εὐρύοπα

wide-thundering 16 times

εὐρύοπα

nominative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine noun

εὐρύοπα, 'wide-thundering' or 'far-seeing,' is a standing epithet of Zeus tied to his mastery of the sky and thunder.

Εὐρύπυλος

Eurypylus; of Eurypylus 20 times

Εὐρύπυλος, Εὐρύπυλ, Εὐρυπύλοιο, Εὐρυπύλῳ, Εὐρύπυλον

nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

This is Eurypylus, son of Euaemon, distinguished by his patronymic from Eurypylus of Cos named earlier only as a place-epithet (line 677).

εὐρύς

broad; wide; wide-ruling 89 times

εὐρὺ, εὐρὺν, εὐρέα, εὐρύν, εὐρείῃ, εὐρεῖαν, εὐρείης, εὐρεῖα and 10 more

accusative singular masculine adjective; accusative singular neuter adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

Elided form of εὐρεῖα, feminine to agree with τάφρος 'trench,' named earlier in the sentence.

εὐρύχορος

broad; spacious 3 times

εὐρύχορον, εὐρυχόροιο, εὐρυχόρῳ

accusative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine adjective; dative singular feminine adjective

εὐρυάγυια

wide-wayed; broad-streeted 8 times

εὐρυάγυιαν, εὐρυάγυια

accusative singular feminine adjective; nominative singular feminine noun

εὐρυάγυιαν, "wide-wayed," is the locked standing epithet for Troy, distinct from the ordinary word for "city" it modifies.

Εὐρυβάτης

Eurybates 3 times

Εὐρυβάτης, Εὐρυβάτην

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun

Εὐρυβάτης Ἰθακήσιος, "Eurybates of Ithaca" — Odysseus's own herald, distinct from Talthybius who serves Agamemnon.

εὐτείχεος

well-walled 7 times

εὐτείχεον, εὐτείχεα

εὐτείχεος, "well-walled," is a standing epithet for Ilion's fortifications, distinct from "wide-wayed" (πόλιν εὐρυάγυιαν), used for the city as inhabited space.

εὐφημέω

to keep holy silence once

εὐφημῆσαί

The verb literally calls for auspicious speech; before prayer it conventionally means observing reverent silence.

εὐφραίνω

gladden; cheered 5 times

εὐφρανέειν, ἐϋφρήνῃς, ἐϋφρανέω, εὐφρῆναι, εὔφρην

future active infinitive; aorist active subjunctive, 2nd singular verb; future active indicative, 1st singular verb

εὐχετάομαι

to pray; praying; gave glory 8 times

εὐχετόωντο, εὐχετάασθαι, εὐχετόῳτ

imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd plural verb; present medio-passive infinitive; present medio-passive optative, 3rd singular verb

εὐχωλή

a boast; a vow; boasting 10 times

εὐχωλὴν, εὐχωλὴ, εὐχωλῆς, εὐχωλαί, εὐχωλῇς

accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

εὕδω

slept; you sleep; sleep 30 times

εὗδον, εὕδεις, εὗδε, εὕδουσι, εὕδειν, εὕδει, εὕδοντ, εὕδῃσι and 4 more

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural verb; present active indicative, 3rd plural verb

Nestor's disguised form (see line 57) repeats the Dream's opening words to Agamemnon almost verbatim from line 23 — Agamemnon is now recounting the deception word for word to the real Nestor.

εὑρίσκω

found; she found; he found 44 times

εὗρ, εὗρον, εὗρε, εὗρεν, εὑρέμεναι, εὑρὼν, εὕρωσιν, εὕρωμεν and 5 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active infinitive

Seen once or twice

ʽἑκτορίδης

son of Hector once

̓ἐννοσίγαιος

earth-shaker twice

̓ἐνψύω

harnessed once

ἔαρ

of spring once

ἔγκειμαι

you will lie within once

ἔγρω

rose once

ἔγχελυς

eels twice

ἔκγονος

descendant twice

ἔκδηλος

stand out once

ἔκτοθι

outside twice

ἔκτοσθεν

outside once

Ἔλασος

Elasus once

Ἔλατος

Elatus once

ἔλεος

pity once

ἔμπλην

close beside once

ἔναντα

against once

ἔνδινα

inward parts once

ἔνδιος

at noon once

ἔνδοθεν

inside twice

ἔνερθεν

from beneath once

ἔνεροι

those below twice

ἔννυχος

by night once

ἔνορχος

uncastrated once

ἔξαιτος

choice once

ἔξαρχος

leaders once

ἔξεστι

to be born once

ἔριθος

laborers twice

ἔριον

wool twice

Ἔρις

Strife twice

ἔρισμα

strife once

ἔρυμα

guard once

ἔρως

desire twice

ἔσθος

garment once

ἔσπον

tell once

ἔτυμος

the truth; truly twice

ἔφαλος

by the sea twice

Ἔχεκλος

Echeclus twice

ἔχθος

hatreds once

ἔχθω

was vexed once

ἐγγείνωνται

breed once

ἐγκεράννυμι

mixing once

ἐγκλίνω

falls once

ἐγκονέω

bustling once

ἐγκύρω

met once

ἐγρήσσω

keeping watch twice

ἐγρηγορτί

awake once

ἐγώγε

with me once

ἐθείρω

tills once

ἐκβαίνω

stepping out once

ἐκδέρκομαι

looks out once

ἐκδέχομαι

took in turn once

ἐκδέω

bound to once

ἐκδίδωμι

give back once

ἐκδιαβαίνω

having crossed once

ἐκκαθαίρω

cleared out once

ἐκκαταπάλλομαι

darted down once

ἐκκατεῖδον

looking down twice

ἐκκλέπτω

stole out once

ἐκκλύω

heard from once

ἐκκυλίνδω

rolled out twice

ἐκλύω

came out once

ἐκμολεῖν

came forth once

ἐκμυζάω

having sucked out once

ἐκπαιφάσσω

rush headlong once

ἐκπεράω

went through twice

ἐκπλήγνυμι

were terrified once

ἐκποτάομαι

fly out once

ἐκπρεπής

pre-eminent once

ἐκρήγνυμι

snapped; broke through twice

ἐκσεύομαι

rushed out once

ἐκσπάω

wrenched out twice

ἐκστρέφω

wrenched out once

ἐκσῴζω

saved once

ἐκτάδιος

broad once

ἐκφορέω

streamed out once

ἐκφύω

sprung from once

ἐλάινος

olive-wood once

ἐλάσσων

less once

ἐλάτινος

of fir twice

ἐλαία

olive once

ἐλαστρέω

were driving once

ἐλαφηβόλος

deer-hunting once

ἐλέγχω

disgrace once

ἐλέφας

ivory twice

ἐλεός

platters once

ἐλεφαίρομαι

deceiving once

Ἐλεφήνωρ

Elephenor twice

Ἐλεών

Eleon; from Eleon twice

ἐλίκωψ

bright-eyed once

ἐλλεδανός

bands once

ἐμβαδόν

on foot once

ἐμβασιλεύω

was king once

ἐμβρέμομαι

roars within once

ἐμέω

vomiting once

ἐμμαπέως

at once once

ἐμπάζομαι

heed once

ἐμπάσσω

she wove in once

ἐμπλήσσω

we crash; striking against twice

ἐμποιέω

made once

ἐμπυριβήτης

standing over fire once

ἐναργής

plain to see once

ἐναρίθμιος

counted for nothing once

ἐνδείκνυμι

explain once

ἐνδίημι

were chasing once

ἐνέζομαι

were set once

ἐνέρτερος

lower; the lower gods twice

ἐνενήκοντα

ninety once

ἐνεσία

through counsels once

ἐνετή

with pins once

Ἐνετοί

the Eneti once

ἐνηείη

of the kindness once

ἐνθένδε

from here twice

Ἐνίσπη

Enispe once

ἐνιζάνω

sat down once

Ἐνιῆνες

the Enienes once

ἐνικλάω

thwart twice

ἐννέωρος

nine years old once

ἐννεάβοιος

worth nine oxen once

ἐννεάπηχυς

nine cubits long once

ἐννεάχιλοι

nine thousand twice

ἐννεακαίδεκα

nineteen once

ἐννύχιος

by night twice

ἐνόδιος

by the wayside once

Ἐνόπη

Enope twice

ἐνστηρίζω

stood planted once

ἐνστρέφω

turns within once

ἐνταῦθα

onto that path once

ἐνταυθοῖ

there once

ἐντείνω

is stretched tight; was stretched twice

ἐντεσιεργός

workers in harness once

ἐντρέπω

is stirred once

ἐντρέχω

moved freely once

ἐντύω

harnessed once

ἐνύπνιος

in sleep once

Ἐνυεύς

of Enyeus once

Ἐνυώ

Enyo twice

ἐνώπια

front wall; the walls twice

Ἐξάδιος

Exadius once

ἐξαγγέλλω

brought word once

ἐξαίσιος

excessive once

ἐξαίφνης

suddenly twice

ἐξαιρετός

choice once

ἐξακέομαι

you might heal; heal twice

ἐξαναβαίνω

climbing onto once

ἐξαναλύω

release from; to release twice

ἐξανίημι

sending out once

ἐξαπατάω

to deceive; deceived twice

ἐξαπαφίσκω

cheat; she might deceive twice

ἐξαπόλλυμι

may they perish twice

ἐξαποδίω

drive away once

ἐξαπονέομαι

to return; depart from twice

ἐξαποτίνω

may you repay fully once

ἐξέλκω

being drawn out; drawing out twice

ἐξεῖδον

saw once

ἐξερωέω

bolted once

ἐξεσία

an embassy once

ἐξευρίσκω

he might find once

ἐξήλατος

hammered once

ἐξηγέομαι

let him lead out once

ἐξίημι

sent back once

ἐξιθύνω

straightens once

ἐξοίχομαι

has she gone twice

ἐξοιχνέω

go out once

ἐξονομαίνω

you may name once

ἐξονομακλήδην

by name once

ἐξυπανίστημι

rose up once

ἐός

his own twice

Ἐπάλτης

Epaltes once

ἐπαγάλλομαι

exulting once

ἐπαγείρω

to call back once

ἐπαγλαίζω

will glory once

ἐπαείρω

lifted once

ἐπαίρω

after lifting them; lifting twice

ἐπαίτιος

to blame once

ἐπαιγίζω

blowing once

ἐπαινός

dread twice

ἐπαιτέω

ask for once

ἐπακτήρ

hunters once

ἐπαλέξω

defend; to defend twice

ἐπαλλάσσω

stretching across once

ἐπαμείβω

let us exchange; shifts twice

ἐπαμύντωρ

defender once

ἐπανατίθημι

set back in place once

ἐπανίστημι

rose up once

ἐπαρά

curses once

ἐπαρήγω

comes to his aid; to help twice

ἐπαρκέω

did...ward off once

ἐπέλπομαι

hope to know once

ἐπεγείρω

he woke; having awakened twice

ἐπεῖδον

having witnessed once

Ἐπειγεύς

Epeigeus once

ἐπειδάν

once once

ἐπεμβαίνω

standing upon once

ἐπενήνοθε

grew upon it once

ἐπεντύνω

harness once

ἐπερείδω

drove it twice

ἐπεσβόλος

abusive once

ἐπευφημέω

cried out assent twice

ἐπημοιβός

crosswise once

ἐπηπύω

were shouting once

ἐπηρεφής

overhanging once

Ἐπίδαυρος

Epidaurus once

ἐπίδρομος

open to assault once

ἐπίθημα

lids once

ἐπίκαρ

headlong once

ἐπίκειμαι

will lie upon once

ἐπίκλοπος

deceitful once

ἐπίξυνος

shared once

ἐπίουρος

guardian once

ἐπίρροθος

a helper twice

Ἐπίστωρ

Epistor once

ἐπίσχω

to hold in check once

ἐπιβάλλω

falling upon; cast upon twice

ἐπιβάσκω

to lead once

ἐπιβλής

door-bar once

ἐπιβρέμω

roars over it once

ἐπιγίγνομαι

comes on once

ἐπιγράβδην

grazing once

ἐπιδέξιος

on the right once

ἐπιδεύομαι

lacking; fell short twice

ἐπιδιφριάς

the chariot rail once

ἐπιζάφελος

bitterly; furious twice

ἐπιθαρσύνω

encouraging once

ἐπιθρῴσκω

leaping twice

ἐπιθρώσκω

leap once

ἐπιθύω

surge forward once

ἐπικείρω

cut off once

ἐπικεύθω

will conceal; I will conceal twice

Ἐπικλῆς

Epicles once

ἐπικλύω

heard once

ἐπικλώθω

spun out once

ἐπικουρέω

to aid once

ἐπικρατέω

command; though prevailing twice

ἐπιλάμπω

shone out once

ἐπιλεύσσω

sees once

ἐπιλήθω

forget; I shall forget twice

ἐπιλίγδην

glancing once

ἐπιμάρτυρος

witness once

ἐπιμάσσομαι

will handle once

ἐπιμαίνομαι

lusted madly once

ἐπιμένω

wait twice

ἐπιμηνίω

was angry once

ἐπιμίσγω

closing again; i join battle twice

ἐπιμιμνήσκομαι

remember battle once

ἐπιμύζω

muttered angrily twice

ἐπινέμω

passed around twice

ἐπινέω

spun into twice

ἐπινεύω

nodded assent; he nodded twice

ἐπινεφρίδιος

around the kidneys once

ἐπιόσσομαι

watching for once

ἐπιορκέω

swear falsely once

ἐπιπέτομαι

to fly on; flew out twice

ἐπιπνέω

blowing upon once

ἐπιπροιάλλω

drew up before once

ἐπιρράσσω

drove home twice

ἐπιρρέω

flows; streamed after twice

ἐπιρρώομαι

swept forward once

ἐπισείω

shall shake over; shaking over them twice

ἐπισκύζομαι

may be angry once

ἐπισκύνιον

brow once

ἐπισπέρχω

urging on once

ἐπισσεύω

swept upon once

ἐπιστενάχω

groaned along once

ἐπιστεφής

filled to the brim once

ἐπιστοναχέω

groaned around her once

ἐπιστρέφω

twisting it once

ἐπιστροφάδην

turning every way; wheeling in pursuit twice

ἐπιτηδές

able once

ἐπιτλῆναι

endure twice

ἐπιτοξάζομαι

aimed their bows once

ἐπιτροχάδη

fluently once

ἐπιφέρω

shall lay; laid upon twice

ἐπιφλέγω

sets ablaze; burn up twice

ἐπιχράω

assail; fell upon twice

ἐπόμνυμι

he swore once

ἐπομφάλιος

upon the boss once

ἐπορέγω

reached out once

ἐποχέομαι

shall mount twice

ἐπώνυμος

as a byname once

ἐράω

longed once

ἐραννός

lovely twice

ἐρατίζω

craving twice

ἐρατός

lovely once

ἐργαθεῖν

severed twice

ἐρέβινθος

chickpeas once

ἐρέθω

provokes; provoke twice

ἐρέικω

leaning once

ἐρέσσω

to row once

ἐρέφω

roofed twice

ἐρέχθω

battered once

ἐρέω

let us ask once

ἐρετμόν

with oars once

ἐρεύθω

staining red; to redden twice

ἐρευνάω

searching once

ἐρῆμος

abandoned; empty twice

ἐρίβωλος

rich-soiled once

ἐρίμυκος

loud-lowing twice

ἐριβρεμέτης

loud-thundering once

ἐριβω~λαξ

rich-soiled twice

ἐριδμαίνω

provoke once

ἐριούνης

luck-bringing once

Ἐριχθόνιος

Erichthonius twice

Ἐριῶπις

Eriopis twice

ἐρύγμηλος

bellowing once

Ἐρύλαος

Erylaus once

Ἐρύμας

Erymas twice

ἐρυθαίνομαι

was reddened twice

Ἐρυθῖνοι

Erythini once

Ἐρυθραί

Erythrae once

ἐρυθρός

red twice

ἐρυσάρματες

chariot-drawing twice

ἐρυσίπτολις

defender of cities once

ἐρῳδιός

heron once

ἐσθίω

devours once

ἐσχάρα

hearth-fires once

Ἐτεοκλεῖος

Eteocles once

Ἐτεωνός

Eteonus once

ἐύκτιτος

well-built once

ἐύννητος

well-woven; wellwoven twice

ἐύρρους

fair-flowing twice

Ἐΰσσωρος

of Eussorus once

ἐυκνψ́μις

well-greaved once

ἐυκϝήμις

well-greaved once

ἐυμελίης

of the strong spear once

ἐυπλεκής

finely woven twice

ἐυρρείτης

fair-flowing once

ἐφανδάνω

pleased; pleases twice

ἐφαρμόζω

fitted once

ἐφέλκω

dragged; dragging twice

ἐφέστιος

dwelling at home once

ἐφημοσύνη

command once

ἐφίζω

fall upon; lunging twice

Ἐφιάλτης

Ephialtes once

ἐφικνέομαι

closed once

ἐφυβρίζω

acting outrageously once

Ἐχέμμων

Echemmon once

Ἐχέπωλος

Echepolus twice

ἐχέφρων

sensible once

Ἐχεκλῆος

Echecles once

ἐχεπευκής

sharp; piercing twice

ἐχθοδοπέω

to set at odds once

Ἐχῖναι

Echinean once

ἕβδομος

seventh twice

ἕκτος

sixth once

Ἕλλην

Hellenes once

Ἕρμος

Hermus once

ἕρπω

crawls once

ἕσπερος

evening once

ἕστωρ

the pin once

ἕωμεν

we have our fill once

ἑάφθη

fell; remained fastened twice

ἑβδόματος

seventh once

ἑδανός

sweet once

ἑδνωτής

bride-givers once

Ἑκαμήδη

Hecamede twice

ἑκατηβελέτης

far-shooting once

ἑκατόγχειρος

the hundred-handed one once

ἑκατόζυγος

hundred-benched once

ἑκατόμπεδος

hundred feet across once

ἑκατόμπολις

of the hundred cities once

ἑκηβολία

long shots once

ἑκκαιδεκάδωρος

sixteen palms long once

ἑκυρά

mother-in-law's; mother-in-law twice

ἑκυρός

father-in-law twice

ἑλεόθρεπτος

marsh-nourished once

ἑλετός

capturable once

Ἑλίκη

Helice twice

Ἑλικάων

Helicaon once

Ἑλικώνιος

of Helice once

ἑλικῶπις

bright-eyed once

ἑλκεχίτων

trailing-tunic once

ἑλκηθμός

being dragged away once

ἑλκυστάζω

dragging; as he dragged twice

ἑλώριον

prey once

ἑνδέκατος

eleventh twice

ἑνδεκάπηχυς

eleven cubits long twice

ἑξέτης

six years old twice

ἑξείης

one after another; in succession twice

ἑξήκοντα

sixty twice

Ἑπτάπορος

Heptaporus once

ἑπτάπυλος

seven-gated once

ἑπταπόδης

seven-foot once

ἑρκίον

wall once

Ἑρμιόνη

Hermione once

ἑρπύζω

creeping once

ἑσπέριος

at evening once

ἑταίρα

companion twice

ἑταιρίζω

should seek out; be companion twice

ἑτέρωθι

elsewhere twice

Ἑωσφόρος

morning star once

ει´κω

yield once

εἴνατος

ninth twice

εἴρη

assembly once

εἴρω

has been spoken once

εἴσειμι

goes; go before twice

εἶδαρ

fodder; food twice

εἰκοσάκις

twenty times once

εἰκοσινήριτος

twentyfold once

εἰκοστός

twentieth once

εἰλαπινάζω

while feasting once

εἰλαπιναστής

feast-companion once

Εἰλέσιον

Eilesion once

εἰλίπος

shambling once

εἰλυφάζω

veering; twists twice

εἰναετής

for nine years once

εἰνοσίφυλλος

with its trembling leaves; leaf-shaking twice

Εἰρέτρια

Eretria once

εἰροκόμος

a wool-comber once

εἰροπόκος

woolly once

εἰσάνειμι

entering once

εἰσαγείρω

was gathering twice

εἰσαθρέω

he might spy once

εἰσακούω

heed once

εἰσανεῖδον

look upon; looking up twice

εἰσαφικάνω

reached once

εἰσαφικνέομαι

you reach; reaching twice

εἰσβαίνω

having entered; enter twice

εἰσδέρκομαι

I saw once

εἰσδύνω

enter once

εἰσείδω

look straight at once

εἰσεῖδον

look upon once

εἰσελαύνω

driving them in once

εἰσθρῴσκω

sprang inside; leapt in twice

εἰσίζομαι

is seated once

εἰσνοέω

caught sight of once

εἰσπέτομαι

flies into once

εἰσφέρω

sweeps along once

εἰσχέω

poured in; poured twice

εἰσωπός

among once

εἱ~ος

while once

εἱαμενή

bottomland twice

εἱανός

dress once

Εὔβοια

Euboea twice

Εὔδωρος

Eudorus twice

εὔθρονος

fair-throned once

Εὔιππος

Eüippus once

εὔκηλος

at ease twice

εὔκλεια

good fame once

εὔληρα

reins once

Εὔνηος

Euneus twice

εὔορμος

good anchorage once

εὔπλεκτος

well-plaited twice

εὔπλοια

a fair voyage once

εὔπρηστος

ready to kindle once

εὔπρυμνος

fair-sterned once

εὔπυργος

well-walled once

εὔπωλος

horse-rich twice

εὔσκαρθμος

well-fitted once

εὔσκοπος

keen-eyed twice

Εὔτρησις

Eutresis once

εὔτρητος

finely pierced once

Εὔφημος

Euphemus once

εὔφρων

heartening; gladly twice

εὖνις

bereft once

Εὖρος

the East Wind twice

Εὐαιμονίδης

son of Euaemon twice

εὐειδής

fair once

εὐερκής

well-fenced once

εὐήκης

sharp-pointed once

Εὐηνίνη

child of Evenus once

Εὐηνός

of Evenus once

εὐηφενής

wealthy twice

εὐθύς

straight once

εὐκτός

their prayers once

εὐπατέρεια

noble-born once

εὐποίητος

well-made twice

εὐράξ

to one side twice

εὐρύπορος

broad-pathed once

Εὐρυδάμας

of Eurydamas once

εὐρυμέτωπος

broad-browed twice

εὐρυόδεια

broad-wayed once

εὐρυπυλής

wide-gated once

εὐρυρέεθρος

broad-flowing once

εὐρυσθενής

wide-powered once

εὐρώεις

dank once

εὐσταθής

well-built once

εὐστέφανος

well-crowned; fair-crowned twice

Εὐφήτης

Euphetes once

εὐφυής

shapely; grown strong twice

Εὐχήνωρ

Euchenor once

εὐώδης

fragrant once

εὕω

being singed twice

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
JSON · A guide for agents
Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.