Words of the Iliad 1732 Studios

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Words of the Iliad · 110 headwords

Each word with its meanings, its forms, and the lines it stands in.

γάλοως

of her sister-in-law; my sisters; your sisters 5 times

γαλόων, γαλόῳ

genitive plural masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; nominative plural feminine noun

γαλόων denotes a husband's sisters in this kinship list.

γάμος

marriage; weddings; wedding feast 5 times

γάμοιο, γάμῳ, γάμοι, γάμον, γάμου

genitive singular masculine noun; dative singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

γάνυμαι

rejoices; will rejoice; delights 3 times

γάνυται, γανύσσεται

present medio-passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

γαῖα

land; earth; ground 125 times

γαῖαν, γαίῃ, γαίης, γαῖα, γαῖάν, Γαῖα, γαίη

accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

The scepter Achilles hurls down here is the very one from his own earlier oath at l234 — the symbol of orderly speech in assembly, thrown aside as the quarrel turns physical.

γαιήοχος

earth-holder; earth-holding 12 times

γαιήοχος, γαιηόχῳ, γαιήοχε, γαιήοχον

nominative singular masculine adjective; dative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective

γαμβρός

son-in-law; sons-in-law; brothers-in-law 11 times

γαμβρὸς, γαμβρός, γαμβροῖσι, γαμβροῖο, γαμβροῦ, γαμβροὶ, γαμβρῷ, γαμβροί

nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun; nominative plural masculine noun

γαμέω

i will marry; having married; married 6 times

γαμέω, γήμαντα, γήμας, γῆμεν, ἔγημε

future active indicative, 1st singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active participle, accusative singular masculine

γαστήρ

belly; in her womb; with the belly 13 times

γαστέρα, γαστέρι, γαστρὶ, γαστήρ

dative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

The dative is instrumental: mourning cannot be sustained “with the belly,” meaning while fasting.

γε

indeed; (untranslated); at least 554 times

γε, γ, γέ

γε is an emphasizing particle with no separate English word here; it underscores the challenge implicit in "if you are able."

γέγωνα

shouting; to carry a shout; cried aloud 12 times

γεγωνώς, γεγωνέμεν, ἐγεγώνει, ἐγέγωνεν, γέγωνέ

perfect active participle, nominative singular masculine; perfect active infinitive; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

The perfect-form verb is used with present force in epic: 'call out loudly.'

γέρας

prize; honor; privilege 31 times

γέρας, γέρα

accusative singular neuter noun; nominative singular neuter noun; accusative plural neuter noun

γέρας is the exact word for Briseis that ran through the whole quarrel with Agamemnon (line 276 and after) — Achilles closes his complaint to his mother with the same term of honor that started the fight.

γέρων

old man; old; the old man 133 times

γέρων, γέρον, γέροντος, γέροντες, γέροντα, γέροντι, γερόντων, γέροντας and 2 more

nominative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

γέρον, "old man," is Agamemnon's address to Chryses — brusque and disrespectful given that Chryses is a priest making a sacred plea.

γέφυρα

causeways; dikes 7 times

γεφύρας, γέφυραι

accusative plural feminine noun; nominative plural feminine noun

The 'causeways of battle' are the open lanes or intervals between opposing lines.

γείνομαι

bore; begot; bore me 20 times

γείνατο, γείνατ, ἐγείναο, ἐγείνατο, γείνασθαι, γεινόμεθ

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 2nd singular verb

γελάω

laughed; laughed aloud; smiling 11 times

ἐγέλασσε, γέλασσαν, γελάσσας, γέλασσε, γελάσασα, γέλασαν

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine

γενεά

lineage; by birth; generation 38 times

γενεῇ, γενεῆς, γενεὴν, γενεὴ, γενεήν, γενεῆφι, γενεαὶ, γενεῆφιν

accusative singular feminine noun; dative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

The epic ending functions adverbially here: youngest by birth or descent.

γεραιός

old man; elder women; older 29 times

γεραιὸς, γεραιὲ, γεραιός, γεραίτερος, γεραιάς, γεραιέ, γεραιὰς, γεραιαί

nominative singular masculine adjective; vocative singular masculine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective

Γερήνιος

Gerenian; the Gerenian 25 times

Γερήνιος

Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ, "Nestor, the Gerenian horseman," is a new locked standing epithet-and-name unit for Nestor, held to this exact wording wherever it recurs.

γερούσιος

for the elders; before the elders twice

γερούσιον

The wine is 'for the council of elders,' a privileged portion at the feast.

γῆρας

old age; age; by old age 17 times

γῆρας, γήραϊ, γήραος, γήραΐ

nominative singular neuter noun; dative singular neuter noun; accusative singular neuter noun

γηθέω

rejoiced; will rejoice; rejoices 23 times

γήθησεν, γεγήθει, γηθήσαι, ἐγήθεεν, γήθησε, ἐγήθεον, γηθήσει, γέγηθε and 6 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist active optative, 3rd singular verb; pluperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb

Nestor conjures a bitter irony: the Trojans, the actual enemy, would celebrate this quarrel more than any battlefield victory — a shaming appeal to Achaean solidarity.

γηράσκω

growing old; had grown old; grew old 6 times

γηράσκοντα, ἐγήρα, γηράς, γήρασκε

imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, accusative singular masculine; present active participle, nominative singular masculine

γίγνομαι

became; arose; came 173 times

γένετ, ἐγένοντο, γενέσθαι, γένοιτο, γένηται, γίγνεται, γένετο, γένοντο and 30 more

aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural verb; aorist middle infinitive

ἐγένοντο with ὁμηγερέες means they came to be assembled together.

γιγνώσκω

knew; may know; I know 73 times

ἔγνω, γιγνώσκων, γνῶ, γιγνώσκω, γνώωσι, γνώμεναι, γνοίης, γνῷ and 21 more

aorist active indicative, 3rd singular verb; present active participle, nominative singular masculine; present active indicative, 1st singular verb

The optative with the modal particle gives a potential sense: even an observer could no longer distinguish the battle's course.

Γλαῦκος

Glaucus; from Glaucus; upon Glaucus 21 times

Γλαῦκος, Γλαῦκον, Γλαῦκε, Γλαύκῳ, Γλαύκου, Γλαῦκόν

nominative singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; vocative singular masculine noun

Sarpedon and Glaucus, the two Lycian co-leaders, will become major figures later in the poem — Sarpedon's death and Glaucus's exchange of armor with Diomedes are among the epic's most famous scenes.

γλαυκῶπις

bright-eyed 34 times

γλαυκῶπις, γλαυκώπιδι, γλαυκώπιδος, γλαυκώπιδα, γλαυκῶπι

nominative singular feminine adjective; genitive singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

A traditional epithet of Athena, conventionally rendered bright-eyed or gray-eyed.

γλαφυρός

hollow 43 times

γλαφυράς, γλαφυρῇσιν, γλαφυρῇσι, γλαφυρὰς, γλαφυραὶ, γλαφυρῷ, γλαφυρῆς, γλαφυρῇς

accusative plural feminine adjective; dative plural feminine adjective; nominative plural feminine adjective

γλήνη

doll; the eyeball twice

γλήνη, γλήνην

vocative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun

The detached ek supplies the result 'drove out': tmesis with ose.

γλυκύς

sweet; sweeter 15 times

γλυκὺς, γλυκίων, γλυκὺ, γλυκὺν, γλυκεροῖο, γλυκερῆς, γλυκεροῦ, γλυκερῷ

nominative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine comparative adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

γλῶσσα

tongue; tongues 9 times

γλῶσσαν, γλῶσσα, γλώσσης, γλῶσσαι, γλώσσῃσιν, γλῶσσ

nominative singular feminine noun; accusative singular feminine noun; genitive singular feminine noun

γναμπτός

curving; supple; twisted 5 times

γναμπτοῖσι, γναμπτῇσι, γναμπτάς, γναμπτὸν

dative plural neuter adjective; dative plural feminine adjective; accusative plural feminine adjective

γνωτός

a kinsman; kinsmen; plain 9 times

γνωτὸν, γνωτούς, γνωτοί, γνωταί, γνωτῶν

accusative singular masculine noun; accusative plural masculine adjective; nominative singular neuter adjective

γόνος

offspring; by birth 6 times

γόνον, γόνος, γόνοιο

accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun; genitive singular masculine noun

γόνυ

knees; his knees; knee 77 times

γούνατ, γούνων, γοῦνα, γούνασι, γούναθ, γόνυ, γούνασιν, γούνατα and 5 more

accusative plural neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun

Clasping the knees (γούνατα λαβεῖν) is the formal, physical gesture of supplication in Homer — Thetis performs the ritual bodily, not just in words.

γόος

lament; lamentation; dirge 25 times

γόοιο, γόον, γόου, γόος

genitive singular masculine noun; accusative singular masculine noun; nominative singular masculine noun

γόοιο is the genitive complement of 'longing', not a second verb 'stirred'.

γοάω

wailing; will mourn; mourning 13 times

γοόωσα, γοόωσά, γοῶντες, γοήσεται, γόον, γοήμεναι, γοάοιμεν

present active participle, nominative singular feminine; present active participle, nominative plural masculine; future middle indicative, 3rd singular verb

The optative with κεν is first-person plural potential, not an infinitive.

γουνάζομαι

clasp; clasped his knees; beseech 4 times

γουνάσομαι, γουναζέσθην, γουνάζομαι, γουνάζεο

future medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; imperfect medio-passive indicative, 3rd dual verb; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb

γουνόομαι

clasping in prayer; clasping knees; I clasp your knees 4 times

γουνούμενος, γουνοῦμαι, γουνούμενοι

present medio-passive participle, nominative singular masculine; present medio-passive indicative, 1st singular verb; present medio-passive participle, nominative plural masculine

γύαλον

plate; plates 6 times

γύαλον, γυάλοιο, γυάλοισιν

accusative singular neuter noun; genitive singular neuter noun; dative plural neuter noun

γυῖον

limbs; his limbs; the limbs 42 times

γυῖα, γυίων

accusative plural neuter noun; nominative plural neuter noun; genitive plural neuter noun

γυίων contains no possessive; the dative pronoun earlier identifies whose limbs.

γυμνός

naked; unarmed 8 times

γυμνόν, γυμνὸν, γυμνὸς, γυμνοῦ

accusative singular masculine adjective; nominative singular masculine adjective; genitive singular masculine adjective

γυμνόω

laid bare; might be bared 5 times

γυμνωθέντα, ἐγυμνώθη, γυμνωθείη

aorist passive participle, accusative singular masculine; aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular verb; aorist passive optative, 3rd singular verb

γυνή

women; woman; a woman 96 times

γυναικῶν, γυναῖκας, γυναῖκες, γυνὴ, γυναῖκα, γυναικὸς, γυναῖκά, γύναι and 9 more

genitive plural feminine noun; accusative plural feminine noun; nominative singular feminine noun

The coordinated genitive is partitive with 'first.'

Seen once or twice

γάλα

milk twice

γάστρα

belly once

Γαλάτεια

Galatea once

γαμψῶνυξ

hook-clawed once

γανάω

gleaming once

γανόω

gleaming once

Γανυμήδης

of Ganymede; Ganymede twice

γέλοιος

a thing to laugh at once

γέλως

laughter once

γένυς

jaws; of their jaws twice

γεγωνέω

to make heard once

γενετή

birth once

γενναῖος

noble once

γεραίρω

honored once

γεραρός

majestic; more stately twice

γεύω

let us taste; he shall taste twice

γεφυρόω

bridged twice

γῆρυς

speech once

γηθοσύνη

in gladness; for joy twice

γλάγος

milk twice

γλακτοφάγος

milk-fed once

Γλαύκη

Glauce once

γλαυκιάω

glaring once

γλαυκός

gray once

γλαυκω~πις

bright-eyed twice

Γλαφύραι

Glaphyrae once

γλῆνος

treasures once

Γλίσας

Glisas once

γλυκερός

sweet once

γλυκύθυμος

gentle-hearted once

γλυφίς

notches once

γλωχίν

the end once

γνάμπτω

bent once

γνήσιος

legitimate once

Γόργειος

Gorgon’s once

Γόρτυς

Gortyn once

γονή

offspring once

Γονόεσσα

Gonoessa once

Γοργυθίων

Gorgythion once

Γοργώ

Gorgon's; Gorgon twice

Γουνεύς

Guneus once

γράφω

having scratched; scraped twice

Γραῖα

Graea once

γραῦς

to an old woman once

Γρήνικος

Granicus once

Γυγαίη

Gygaean twice

γυιόω

cripple twice

γυναιμανής

woman-mad twice

Γυρτιάδης

son of Gyrtius once

Γυρτώνη

Gyrtone once

The particulars

The words
Every word of the text, parsed: its headword, its form and its meaning in the line. Source text: public domain (Homer, ancient; Greek per the Murray text via the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 3.0).
Translation
Public-domain Greek (Homer, ancient; text via the Perseus Digital Library). English translation © 2026 1732 Studios, LLC.
Data
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Two whoopie pies and a pine. An inside joke.